Bone marrow suppression is one of the common adverse reactions to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Anticancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy first directly damage the patient′s peripheral blood cells, impairing qi and blood; further, they damage the actively proliferating cell populations in the bone marrow, impairing yin and blood; and then they interfere with hematopoietic stem cells, impairing essence and blood. This process is rapid and intense, consistent with the characteristics of " acute deficiency syndrome" , marked by sudden onset, rapid changes, critical condition, complexity and variability, multiple complications, and poor prognosis. Given this, its diagnosis and treatment should differ from those of general deficiency syndromes. This paper advocates the principles and ideas of diagnosis and treatment such as " preventing first and treating early to prevent changes; supplementing for deficiency and strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor; urgent rescue for critical conditions, no time to lose; and comprehensive supplementing throughout the process, with severe cases requiring singular action" . This approach is intended to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for bone marrow suppression after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Shentong Zhuyutang combined with Dilongtang in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation （LDH） with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome， and its effect on nucleus pulposus reabsorption and immune-inflammatory factors， exploring its therapeutic mechanism from the perspective of reabsorption. MethodsA total of 120 patients with LDH from the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine， treated between June 2020 and January 2023， were randomly divided into the control group （52 cases， with 8 dropouts） and the observation group （49 cases， with 11 dropouts） according to a random number table. The control group received routine treatment， while the observation group was treated with Shentong Zhuyutang combined with Dilongtang in addition to routine treatment. Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）， Oswestry Disability Index （ODI）， Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score were measured before treatment and after 3 courses of treatment. Venous blood samples were collected for the determination of serological indexes. MR examination was performed during the 6-month follow-up to calculate the absorption rate. ResultsAfter treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in VAS， ODI， TCM syndrome score， serum tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-9， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） levels， and a significant increase in JOA score compared with pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed significantly lower VAS， ODI， TCM syndrome score， serum TNF-α， MMP-9， and VEGF levels， and a significantly higher JOA score （P<0.05）. The proportion of nucleus pulposus reabsorption in the observation group was 57.14% （28/49）， significantly higher than 21.15% （11/52） in the control group （χ²=6.161， P<0.05）. ConclusionShentong Zhuyutang combined with Dilongtang can effectively relieve pain， improve lumbar function， and alleviate TCM clinical symptoms in LDH patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Imaging findings suggest that the treatment promotes the reabsorption of nucleus pulposus protrusion， while laboratory testing shows reduced serum levels of TNF-α， MMP-9， and VEGF， which contribute to the rehabilitation of patients.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of situational simulation combined with the Debriefing-GAS method in the teaching of prenatal genetic counseling.Methods:A total of 30 medical students of the five- and eight-year programs in the classes of 2017 and 2018 who received genetic counseling training in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as research subjects, and situational simulation combined with the debriefing-GAS method was used for the teaching of prenatal genetic counseling. Assessment was performed by the teacher to evaluate the change in genetic counseling abilities during the teaching process, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the degree of satisfaction with teaching among the students. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis; normally distributed continuous data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M d(P 25,P75), and categorical data were expressed as frequency and rate; the paired samples t-test was used for comparison of assessment scores before and after teaching. Results:After teaching, there were significant increases in the assessment scores of genetic counseling [(74.5±18.6) points vs. (87.2±14.5) points, t=4.10, P<0.001] and comprehensive abilities such as clinical ability [(35.4±9.6) points vs. (41.1±6.9) points, t=3.72, P=0.001], doctor-patient communication [(17.5±4.6) points vs. (20.8±3.8) points, t=4.34, P<0.001], professional literacy [(11.0±2.5) points vs. (12.5±2.3) points, t=2.89, P=0.007], teamwork [(3.5±1.0) points vs. (4.2±0.8) points, t=3.67, P=0.001], and organizational effectiveness [(7.1±2.0) points vs. (8.3±1.7) points, t=2.94, P=0.006]. The questionnaire survey showed that the degree of satisfaction among students was rated above satisfaction for the reasonability of the implementation process and links of genetic counseling teaching [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], teaching quality [3.5 (3.0, 4.0) points], whether the teaching model could effectively increase the interest and initiative in learning [4.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], the improvement in theoretical knowledge [4.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], communication skills in genetic counseling [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], and the understanding of related techniques and application prospect [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) points]. However, two students (6.7%) thought that this teaching model could not efficiently reach teaching objectives, since the teaching process was slightly complicated. Conclusions:Situational simulation combined with the debriefing-GAS method has achieved a good effect in the teaching of prenatal genetic counseling and can help undergraduates to master the theoretical knowledge of prenatal genetic counseling and improve their comprehensive clinical abilities, with a relatively high degree of satisfaction, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for acute multiple vessels occlusion(MVO)and its impact on the prognosis of patients with anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion stroke(ALVOS)who achieved successful recanalization after endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods Patients with anterior circulation ALVOS who received successful EVT at the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College between July 2015 and April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Baseline data,including age,sex,onset-to-puncture time(OTP),onset-to-recanalization time(OTR),medical history(including atrial fibrillation,diabetes,hypertension),alcohol and smoking history,admission blood pressure(systolic and diastolic),Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification(atherosclerotic type,cardioembolic type,and other etiology types),and 90-day modified Rankin scale(mRS)score were collected.Collateral circulation was assessed based on the degree of contrast agent reflux observed in the occluded arterial supply area during delayed DSA,and patients were classified into poor and good collateral circulation groups.Malignant cerebral edema was defined as a midline shift of ≥5 mm on the follow-up CT scan performed on day 3 post-surgery.The primary endpoint(efficacy indicator)was the 90-day mRS score,with mRS score≤ 2 considered as a good prognosis and mRS score＞2 considered as a poor prognosis.The secondary endpoint(safety indicator)was the 90-day mortality rate.All patients were divided into MVO and non-MVO groups based on whether they had single or multiple intracranial vessel occlusions.Acute MVO was defined as the detection of acute occlusion of other large or medium vessels,in addition to the main vessels(internal carotid artery or M1/M2 segments of the middle crebral artery[MCA]),in CT angiography,MR angiography,or DSA,resulting in ischemia in brain regions distinct from the main occlusion area.Factors that showed statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were further analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of acute MVO and the factors associated with the prognosis of ALVOS patients.Results A total of 846 patients with ALVOS were included,with ages ranging from 26 to 94 years(mean age[69±11]years).The proportion of male patients was 57.2％(484/846).The median admission ASPECTS was 8(7,9)and the median admission NIHSS score was 14(12,18).The incidence of malignant cerebral edema at 3 days post-surgery was 13.4％(112/835),and the 90-day mortality rate was 19.1％(162/846).(1)Among the 846 ALVOS patients,810(95.7％)were in the non-MVO group and 36(4.3％)were in the MVO group.Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the MVO and non-MVO groups in terms of atrial fibrillation,malignant cerebral edema,admission ASPECTS,admission NIHSS scores,TOAST classification,collateral circulation,rate of complete recanalization,and 90-day poor prognosis rate(all P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in 90-day mortality between the two groups(P=0.193).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TOAST classification of cardioembolic type(OR,16.089,95％CI 1.835-141.061,P=0.012)and other etiology types(OR,9.768,95％CI 1.078-88.540,P=0.043)were associated with the occurrence of MVO.(2)Among the 846 ALVOS patients,445 had a good prognosis at 90days,and 401 had a poor prognosis.Univariate analysis showed that,compared to the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had a lower proportion of males and smokers,and a higher proportion of patients with older age,higher baseline systolic blood pressure,hypertension,diabetes,and atrial fibrillation(all P＜0.01).Additionally,the poor prognosis group had higher admission NIHSS scores(P＜0.01),lower admission ASPECTS,lower rates of good collateral circulation and complete recanalization,higher rates of malignant cerebral edema and MVO,and statistically significant differences in TOAST classification distribution(all P＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that MVO was associated with poor 90-day prognosis in ALVOS patients after EVT(OR,3.368,95％CI 1.149-9.878,P=0.027).Furthermore,older age(OR,1.045,95％CI 1.025-1.066),diabetes(OR,1.719,95％CI 1.080-2.734),higher baseline systolic blood pressure(OR,1.012,95％CI 1.004-1.019),lower admission ASPECTS(OR,0.746,95％CI 0.674-0.826),higher admission NIHSS score(OR,1.115,95％CI 1.070-1.162),without immediate postoperative complete recanalization(OR,0.413,95％CI 0.290-0.592),poor collateral circulation(OR,0.594,95％CI 0.415-0.851),and malignant cerebral edema(OR,6.191,95％CI 3.026-12.670)were all associated with poor 90-day prognosis after EVT in ALVOS patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The TOAST classification of cardioembolic type and other etiology types is associated with MVO.MVO is a risk factor for poor outcomes after successful EVT in ALVOS patients.

Objective:To investigate alterations in the glymphatic system of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients based on quantitative MRI, and its association with genetic information and motor dysfunction.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. This prospective study recruited 39 confirmed SCA3 patients (SCA3 group) and 40 matched healthy controls (HC group) who were seen at the Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University from May 2017 to June 2023. All subjects underwent cranial MRI scanning. Clinical assessments were conducted on all participants using the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) and the international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS). The automatic segmentation and volume measurement of the choroid plexus based on Freesurfer 6.0; the perivascular interstitial space (PVS) was automatically segmented based on the deep-learning model VB-Net, and the volume of the PVS in each brain region was quantified after manual correction. Independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the changes in the class lymphatic system in the SCA3 group and the HC group. Pearson partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between CAG repeats, the glymphatic system, and motor dysfunction. Results:The standardized choroid plexus volume in the SCA3 group was (1.24±0.36)×10 3 mm 3, and that in the HC group was (0.96±0.34)×10 3 mm 3, with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.01, P<0.001). PVS volumes in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and brainstem regions in the SCA3 group were significantly higher than those of HC group ( P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis revealed that CAG repeats in SCA3 group were positively correlated with SARA, ICARS, and basal ganglia PVS volumes ( r=0.65, 0.58, 0.29; P=0.001, 0.001, 0.042). Cerebellar and temporal lobe PVS volumes were positively correlated with SARA ( r=0.59, 0.47; P=0.001, 0.003), and positively correlated with ICARS scores ( r=0.61, 0.40; P=0.001, 0.011). Choroid plexus volume was positively correlated with cerebellar and basal ganglia PVS volumes ( r=0.41, 0.31; P=0.009, 0.043). Conclusions:The glymphatic system of SCA3 patients have significant alteration and have association with CAG repeats and motor dysfunction.

AIM: To explore the relationship of miR-126 and miR-325 in serum and vitreous with the severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).METHODS: A total of 100 cases(100 eyes)with PVR who were treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected and retrospectively studied. They were divided into a mild group(42 eyes)and a severe group(58 eyes)according to the degree of retinopathy, and another 30 cases(30 eyes)that underwent vitrectomy without retinopathy due to eye trauma in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-126 and miR-325 in serum and vitreous; ELISA was used to detect the levels of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in serum and vitreous; and Pearson's method was used to analyze the correlation between the serum and vitreous levels of miR-126 and miR-325 correlated with the levels of TGF-β, PDGF, VEGF, and TNF-α; Logistic multifactorial analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for the occurrence of severe PVR.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, miR-126 levels in serum and vitreous of PVR patients were decreased and lower in the severe PVR group than in the mild PVR group(both P<0.05); miR-325 levels were increased and higher in the severe PVR group than in the mild PVR group(both P<0.05). TGF-β, PDGF, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in serum and vitreous were increased in the severe PVR group compared to the mild PVR group(all P<0.05). The miR-126 levels in serum and vitreous of patients with PVR were negatively correlated with miR-325, TGF-β, VEGF, TNF-α, and PDGF levels(all P<0.05), and miR-325 was positively correlated with TGF-β, VEGF, TNF-α, and PDGF levels(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that miR-325, TGF-β, PDGF, and TNF-α were all independent risk factors for the development of severe PVR in serum and vitreous, and miR-126 was an independent protective factor for the development of severe PVR in serum and vitreous(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: With the aggravation of PVR, miR-126 expression in serum and vitreous decreased while miR-325 expression increased and correlated with TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF, and PDGF.

Objective To explore the association of the magnitude of systolic blood pressure reduction(SBPr)with post-procedure 24 h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH)and 90-day clinical outcomes in patients with successful endovascular thrombectomy(EVT).Methods Consecutively registered patients with EVT caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke(LVOS)in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College(Yijishan Hospital)between July 2015 and April 2023 and patients with successful reperfusion were analyzed.Demographic data,medical history(hypertension,diabetes),the trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification,the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score and the baseline Alberta stroke early CT(ASPECT)score of patients were collected.And procedure related parameters(including time from onset to puncture,time from onset to reperfusion,occluded site[internal carotid artery,M1 segment of middle cerebral artery,M2 segment of middle cerebral artery],collateral circulation status[determined based on preoperative occluded angiography showing the range of collateral circulation in the occluded vessel area,defined as good collateral circulation with a reflux range of ≥ 50％and poor collateral circulation with a reflux range of＜50％]),immediate postoperative reperfusion status(evaluated using the modified thrombolysis for cerebral infarction[mTICI]grading,successful reperfusion defined as mTICI grading of 2b-3),24 hours sICH,and 90 days clinical outcomes(evaluated using the modified Rankin scale score at 90days after EVT,with a score ≤ 2indicating a good prognosis and a score＞2indicating a poor prognosis).SBPr was defined as(baseline SBP-mean SBP)/baseline SBP x 100％.According to the the magnitude of SBPr,SBPr is divided into 5 categories(＜-10％,-10％-10％,＞10％-20％,＞20％-30％and＞30％).Based on the clinical outcomes at 90 days and the occurrence of sICH at 24 hours after EVT,patients were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group,as well as an sICH group and a non-sICH group.The relationship between SBPr and postoperative 90 days clinical prognosis or sICH was analyzed using a binary Logistic regression model.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on a history of hypertension(yes and no),continuous intravenous hypotensive therapy(yes and no),baseline ASPECT scores(3-5 and 6-10),and collateral circulation status(good and bad).Using a restricted cubic plot to depict the relationship between SBPr and sICH and clinical prognosis at 90days.Results(1)In total,731 patients were included.The median age was 71(62,77)years and 424(58.0％)were men.The median baseline NIHSS score was 14(12,18),the median baseline ASPECT was 9(7,10),405(55.4％)patients achieved 90-day modified Rankin scale score 0-2,and 35 patients(4.8％)developed sICH.(2)Multivariate analysis showed that the older age(OR,1.036,95％CI 1.017-1.056),the higher baseline NIHSS score(OR,1.095,95％CI1.049-1.144),the lower baseline ASPECT score(OR,0.704,95％CI 0.636-0.780),diabetes(OR,1.729,95％CI 1.084-2.758),bad collateral circulation(good collateral circulation vs.bad collateral circulation,OR,0.481,95％CI 0.332-0.696)and SBPr＞30％(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,OR,2.238,95％CI 1.230-4.071),the higher the risk of poor clinical outcomes at 90 days(all P＜0.05).Continuous intravenous hypotensive therapy is a risk factor for postoperative 24 h sICH(OR,2.278,95％CI 1.047-4.953;P=0.038),while SBPr 20％-30％is associated with a lower risk of postoperative 24 h sICH(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,OR,0.362,95％CI0.131-0.998;P=0.049).(3)The restrictive cube plot shows that there is a U-shaped relationship between SBPr after EVT and poor clinical outcomes at 90 days,while there is a nearly linear relationship with the occurrence of sICH.The more SBP reduction,the lower the incidence of sICH.(4)In the subgroup analyses,in the non-hypertension history and the good collateral circulation group,SBPr＞30％has a higher risk of poor clinical outcomes compared to SBPr-10％-10％(OR and 95％CI were 2.921[1.000-8.528]and 2.363[1.078-5.183],respectively,with P=0.05 or P＜0.05);After EVT,the group receiving continuous intravenous hypotensive therapy and the baseline ASPECT score 6-10 groups showed a significant correlation between SBPr＞30％and poor clinical outcomes at 90 days(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,OR and 95％CI were 2.646[1.168-5.993]and 2.481[1.360-4.527],respectively,with P＜0.05).The correlation between SBPr and lower incidence of sICH was only found in the subgroup of poor collateral circulation(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,SBPr＞20％-30％:OR,0.133,95％CI 0.027-0.652;SBPr＞30％:OR,0.104,95％CI 0.013-0.864;all P＜0.05).Conclusions Among patients who achieved successful reperfusion with EVT,SBPr might be related to a worse functional outcome at 90 days and sICH 24 h after operation.However,the relationship may exhibit significant heterogeneity across different subgroups.Baseline ASPECT score,history of hypertension,collateral circulation,and the use of continuous venous hypertension after EVT have been highlighted in individualized blood pressure management after EVT.

Chronic prostatitis is a common and frequently occurring disease in male clinics. Due to the diverse symptoms， complex etiology， unclear mechanisms， and recurrent episodes of chronic prostatitis， Western medicine often faces the challenge of limited treatment options and unsatisfactory outcomes. In order to fully leverage the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of chronic prostatitis， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized a discussion among experts from the fields of TCM urology， Western urology， and related pharmacy. The experts focused on the advancements in the understanding of chronic prostatitis in modern medicine， various theories on the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment of chronic prostatitis in TCM， entry points from interdisciplinary fields， the role and advantages of TCM in the comprehensive management of chronic prostatitis， and research into mechanisms related to chronic prostatitis. After discussions， the experts concluded that chronic prostatitis is one of the diseases where TCM has a distinct advantage. TCM can effectively improve the clinical syndromes of chronic prostatitis， including urinary issues， social psychology， organ specificity， infection， nervous system problems， pain and discomfort， sexual dysfunction， etc.， and can enhance the quality of life. For patients with chronic prostatitis who cannot tolerate or may not accept the adverse effects of Western medicine， as well as for those with non-inflammatory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS）， those with pain as the primary symptom， those with urinary tract symptoms， those with coexisting anxiety and depression， and those with abnormal semen liquefaction， TCM-based treatment can be the main approach. Currently， the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for chronic prostatitis has not yet been established， and further research from perspectives such as clinical epidemiology， evidence-based medicine， and molecular biology is needed. Both TCM and Western medicine should integrate their respective strengths， clarify the role and advantages of TCM interventions based on mutual reference， and improve the diagnosis and treatment standards for chronic prostatitis in China.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in a real-world setting.Methods:This was a real-world ambispective cohort study (MOMENT study) (Chinese clinical trial registry number: ChiCTR2200062067). Clinical data were collected from 198 patients who received mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy or combination therapy at 37 hospitals from January 2022 to January 2023, including 166 patients in the retrospective cohort and 32 patients in the prospective cohort; 10 patients in the treatment-na?ve group and 188 patients in the relapsed/refractory group. Clinical characteristics, efficacy and adverse events were summarized, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.Results:All 198 patients were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection for a median of 3 cycles (range 1-7 cycles); 28 cases were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy, and 170 cases were treated with the combination regimen. Among 188 relapsed/refractory patients, 45 cases (23.9%) were in complete remission (CR), 82 cases (43.6%) were in partial remission (PR), and 28 cases (14.9%) were in disease stabilization (SD), and 33 cases (17.6%) were in disease progression (PD), with an objective remission rate (ORR) of 67.6% (127/188). Among 10 treatment-na?ve patients, 4 cases (40.0%) were in CR, 5 cases (50.0%) were in PR, and 1 case (10.0%) was in PD, with an ORR of 90.0% (9/10). The median follow-up time was 2.9 months (95% CI 2.4-3.7 months), and the median PFS and OS of patients in relapsed/refractory and treatment-na?ve groups were not reached. In relapsed/refractory patients, the difference in ORR between patients with different number of treatment lines of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection [ORR of the second-line, the third-line and ≥the forth-line treatment was 74.4% (67/90), 73.9% (34/46) and 50.0% (26/52)] was statistically significant ( P = 0.008). Of the 198 PTCL patients, 182 cases (91.9%) experienced at least 1 time of treatment-related adverse events, and the incidence rate of ≥grade 3 adverse events was 66.7% (132/198), which was mainly characterized by hematologic adverse events. The ≥ grade 3 hematologic adverse events mainly included decreased lymphocyte count, decreased neutrophil count, decreased white blood cell count, and anemia; non-hematologic adverse events were mostly grade 1-2, mainly including pigmentation disorders and upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusions:The use of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection-containing regimen in the treatment of PTCL has definite efficacy and is well tolerated, and it is a new therapeutic option for PTCL patients.

Objective:To explore the application effect of case-based learning (CBL), teaching mode combined with 3D printing in clinical teaching of sacral tumors.Methods:A total of 108 undergraduate interns and standardized residency training students who studied in our hospital from 2017 to 2018 were divided into the CBL teaching group ( n = 53) and the CBL combined with 3D printing teaching group ( n = 55) according to their study time. The combined teaching group used computer tomography (CT) data to reconstruct and print out a 3D model of sacral tumors based on CBL, and performed preoperative teaching on the invasion of the surrounding tissues of the tumor. The scores of the students in the two groups were evaluated respectively, and the students were surveyed by self-identification questionnaire (learning interest, self-learning ability, teamwork ability, comprehensive analysis ability and clinical thinking ability). The t-test (one-sided) was used for comparison between groups using stata 14.0. Results:The score of CBL teaching group (75.90±6.70) was lower than that of CBL combined with 3D printing teaching group (83.60±7.40). In terms of critical thinking ability evaluation, self-learning ability, learning interest, comprehensive analysis ability and clinical thinking ability, the CBL combined 3D printing teaching group was superior to the CBL teaching group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). In terms of teamwork ability, there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion:The CBL teaching mode combined with 3D printing can improve academic performance, students' learning interest and clinical thinking ability of sacral tumors in the teaching of undergraduate interns and standardized residency training students.