OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus donafenib in patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （uHCC）.METHODS Patients with uHCC treated at the Dept. of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery， The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University， from May 1， 2023 to April 30， 2025 were selected as study subjects for a retrospective study. All patients received interventional therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） and/or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy （HAIC）. On this basis， patients were divided according to the systemic treatment regimen into a control group （atezolizumab plus bevacizumab， n ＝56） and an observation group （atezolizumab plus donafenib， n ＝49）. Short-term efficacy at 3 months after treatment and long-term efficacy were compared between the two groups. Subgroup analyses were further performed with sex， age， hepatitis B， liver cirrhosis， Child-Pugh class， Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer （BCLC） stage， Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status （ECOG-PS） score， tumor number， maximum tumor diameter， portal vein tumor thrombus， and interventional treatment modality as subgroup variables， with interaction tests conducted between subgroup variables and treatment group. Adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups.RESULTS At 3 months after treatment， the disease control rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group （ P ＜0.05）， whereas the difference in objective response rate between the two groups was not statistically significant （ P ＞0.05）. The median progression-free survival was 7.53 months [95% confidence interval （CI）： 6.32-8.53 months] in the control group and 8.06 months （95%CI： 7.33-9.70 months） in the observation group， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. The median overall survival was 13.56 months （95%CI： 11.23-15.77 months） in the control group and 14.92 months （95%CI： 12.93-17.11 months） in the observation group， and overall survival was significantly longer in the observation group than in the control group （ P ＜0.05）. Subgroup analysis showed that among patients with Child-Pugh class A， BCLC stage B， or without portal vein tumor thrombus， the risk of death was lower in the observation group than in the control group， with hazard ratios of 0.46， 0.49 and 0.44， respectively， and interaction P values of 0.035， 0.008 and 0.013， respectively. Adverse reactions in both groups were mainly grade 1-2， and there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of individual adverse reactions between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）.CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced uHCC receiving interventional therapy， the atezolizumab plus donafenib regimen was associated with a higher disease control rate and longer overall survival， and this association was mainly observed in patients with Child-Pugh class A， BCLC stage B， or without portal vein tumor thrombus.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and prognosis of children suffered from malignant solid tumors of head and neck.Methods The clinical data of children with primary malignant solid tumors located in the head and neck was retrospectively analyzed from January 2007 to December 2021 in the Department of Oncology,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,and the clinical features,prognostic factors were summarized.Results A total of 234 children with malignant solid tumors of head and neck were included,with a male to female ratio of 1∶0.7,aged from 3 months to 17 years and 6 months(median age 51 months).173 cases(73.9％)were treated with local painless masses.Other symptoms included snoring and facial paralysis.The proportion of rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS)was the highest(145 cases,62.0％),followed by neuroblastoma(NB)(25 cases,10.7％),Ewing sarcoma(19 cases,8.1％),etc.A total of 47 cases(20.1％)had distant metastasis.The patients received surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy under the mode of multidisciplinary treatment(MDT).The 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS)were 80.8％and 75.8％,respectively,and the 3-year and 5-year progression free survival(PFS)were 64.0％and 58.9％,respectively.Tumor survivors had abnormal appearance or facial motor function(49 cases,41.2％),developmental problems or abnormal tooth loss(18 cases,15.1％),and other long-term complications that may be related to the tumor or treatment.Conclusion There are various pathologic types of pediatric head and neck malignant solid tumors,RMS and NB are the most common.Local painless mass was the most common complaint.Distant metastasis is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of head and neck malignant solid tumors.Under the MDT model,the prognosis of malignant solid tumors of the head and neck in our center was generally good.In the treatment of the tumors,the side effects and sequelae should be controlled as small as possible under the premise of long-term survival.

Objective:To compare the effect of empirical cefazolin and vancomycin on the adverse outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis patients.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective cohort. Clinical data of consecutive PD-related peritonitis episodes occurring for the first time in patients (≥18 years) between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2021 were reviewed. Patients were classified into a cefazolin group or a vancomycin group according to the empirical antibiotic regimen. The primary endpoint was peritonitis-related death within 1 month of onset and the secondary endpoint was transfer to haemodialysis for peritonitis-related reasons within the same period. Differences in both endpoints between the two regimens were analysed in the overall population and in the Gram-positive peritonitis subgroup. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes associated with antibiotic choice. Propensity-score matching was performed to control for confounding bias.Results:A total of 516 eligible PD patients developed peritonitis during the study period were included, among whom 138 received empirical cefazolin and 322 received vancomycin. Baseline characteristics were significantly different between the cefazolin and vancomycin groups, including annual income >50 000 yuan ( χ2=17.854, P<0.001), cardiovascular disease history ( χ2=3.909, P=0.048), prior peritonitis history ( χ2=18.327, P<0.001), serum albumin ( t=2.430, P=0.013), triglycerides ( Z=-3.108, P=0.002), total cholesterol ( t=3.752, P<0.001), phosphate ( t=3.362, P=0.002) and sodium ( t=3.021, P=0.004). Neither peritonitis-related mortality nor transfer to haemodialysis differed between the cefazolin and vancomycin groups in the overall cohort or in the Gram-positive peritonitis subgroup (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis (univariable and multivariable) showed that empirical vancomycin was not associated with a higher risk of adverse outcome when compared with cefazolin in the overall cohort or in the Gram-positive peritonitis subgroup (all P>0.05). After propensity-score matching, results remained consistent (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Empirical cefazolin and vancomycin yield similar rates of short-term adverse outcomes in patients with PD-associated peritonitis, including those caused by Gram-positive organisms.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and prognosis of children suffered from malignant solid tumors of head and neck.Methods The clinical data of children with primary malignant solid tumors located in the head and neck was retrospectively analyzed from January 2007 to December 2021 in the Department of Oncology,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,and the clinical features,prognostic factors were summarized.Results A total of 234 children with malignant solid tumors of head and neck were included,with a male to female ratio of 1∶0.7,aged from 3 months to 17 years and 6 months(median age 51 months).173 cases(73.9％)were treated with local painless masses.Other symptoms included snoring and facial paralysis.The proportion of rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS)was the highest(145 cases,62.0％),followed by neuroblastoma(NB)(25 cases,10.7％),Ewing sarcoma(19 cases,8.1％),etc.A total of 47 cases(20.1％)had distant metastasis.The patients received surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy under the mode of multidisciplinary treatment(MDT).The 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS)were 80.8％and 75.8％,respectively,and the 3-year and 5-year progression free survival(PFS)were 64.0％and 58.9％,respectively.Tumor survivors had abnormal appearance or facial motor function(49 cases,41.2％),developmental problems or abnormal tooth loss(18 cases,15.1％),and other long-term complications that may be related to the tumor or treatment.Conclusion There are various pathologic types of pediatric head and neck malignant solid tumors,RMS and NB are the most common.Local painless mass was the most common complaint.Distant metastasis is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of head and neck malignant solid tumors.Under the MDT model,the prognosis of malignant solid tumors of the head and neck in our center was generally good.In the treatment of the tumors,the side effects and sequelae should be controlled as small as possible under the premise of long-term survival.

Objective:To compare the effect of empirical cefazolin and vancomycin on the adverse outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis patients.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective cohort. Clinical data of consecutive PD-related peritonitis episodes occurring for the first time in patients (≥18 years) between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2021 were reviewed. Patients were classified into a cefazolin group or a vancomycin group according to the empirical antibiotic regimen. The primary endpoint was peritonitis-related death within 1 month of onset and the secondary endpoint was transfer to haemodialysis for peritonitis-related reasons within the same period. Differences in both endpoints between the two regimens were analysed in the overall population and in the Gram-positive peritonitis subgroup. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes associated with antibiotic choice. Propensity-score matching was performed to control for confounding bias.Results:A total of 516 eligible PD patients developed peritonitis during the study period were included, among whom 138 received empirical cefazolin and 322 received vancomycin. Baseline characteristics were significantly different between the cefazolin and vancomycin groups, including annual income >50 000 yuan ( χ2=17.854, P<0.001), cardiovascular disease history ( χ2=3.909, P=0.048), prior peritonitis history ( χ2=18.327, P<0.001), serum albumin ( t=2.430, P=0.013), triglycerides ( Z=-3.108, P=0.002), total cholesterol ( t=3.752, P<0.001), phosphate ( t=3.362, P=0.002) and sodium ( t=3.021, P=0.004). Neither peritonitis-related mortality nor transfer to haemodialysis differed between the cefazolin and vancomycin groups in the overall cohort or in the Gram-positive peritonitis subgroup (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis (univariable and multivariable) showed that empirical vancomycin was not associated with a higher risk of adverse outcome when compared with cefazolin in the overall cohort or in the Gram-positive peritonitis subgroup (all P>0.05). After propensity-score matching, results remained consistent (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Empirical cefazolin and vancomycin yield similar rates of short-term adverse outcomes in patients with PD-associated peritonitis, including those caused by Gram-positive organisms.

Objective: To investigate the expression and functional role of FK506 binding protein 10 (FKBP10) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to provide a research basis for the estimated prognosis and targeted therapy of OSCC. Methods: A total of 284 OSCC samples and 19 normal samples were selected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and diagnostic analysis was performed to determine mRNA expression. Survival analysis for FKBP10 and OSCC was conducted on a gene expression profile interaction analysis website. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of FKBP10 in four OSCC cell lines and SAS and SCC9 cells transfected with siRNA. The cell proliferation ability of FKBP10-silenced cells was detected using the CCK8 method, and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion ability were detected through wound healing and invasion experiments. The expression changes of total protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-serine/threonine kinase (AKT) after FKBP10 silencing were analyzed by proteomics and Western Blot. Results: According to the analysis of gene expression levels, the mRNA expression level of FKBP10 in OSCC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.001). In terms of diagnosis, the expression level of FKBP10 has unique diagnostic value for OSCC (P < 0.05). The survival analysis of FKBP10 and OSCC showed that a high expression of FKBP10 led to a decrease in patient survival and poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The expression of FKBP10 mRNA and protein in OSCC cell lines was higher than that in normal oral keratinocytes (P < 0.001). Silencing FKBP10 can reduce the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of SAS and SCC9 (P < 0.001), and also block their cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.001), with a significant increase in apoptosis (P < 0.05). Protein mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis revealed that FKBP10 silencing significantly downregulated the expression of multiple proteins in the RAP1 signaling pathway, mainly RAP guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (RAPGEF1) (P < 0.05) and the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusion FKBP10 is highly expressed in OSCC, leading to poor prognosis for patients. Downregulated FKBP10 expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC cells, hinder cell cycle progression, and promote apoptosis via the RAP1-PI3K-AKT axis. FKBP10 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for OSCC.

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between residual inflammatory risk (RIR) and vulnerable plaques using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods: This retrospective study included 70%–99% symptomatic ICAS patients hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were classified into four groups based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): residual cholesterol inflammatory risk (RCIR, hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), RIR (hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L), residual cholesterol risk (RCR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), and no residual risk (NRR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L). Vulnerable plaque features on HRMRI included positive remodeling, diffuse distribution, intraplaque hemorrhage, and strong enhancement. Results: Among 336 included patients, 21, 60, 58, and 197 were assigned to the RCIR, RIR, RCR, and NRR groups, respectively. Patients with RCIR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.606; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.346–9.662; P=0.011) and RIR (aOR, 3.361; 95% CI, 1.774–6.368, P<0.001) had higher risks of strong enhancement than those with NRR. Additionally, patients with RCIR (aOR, 2.965; 95% CI, 1.060–8.297; P=0.038) were more likely to have intraplaque hemorrhage compared with those with NRR. In the sensitivity analysis, RCR (aOR, 2.595; 95% CI, 1.201–5.608; P=0.015) exhibited an additional correlation with an increased risk of intraplaque hemorrhage. Conclusion In patients with symptomatic ICAS, RIR is associated with a higher risk of intraplaque hemorrhage and strong enhancement, indicating an increased vulnerability to atherosclerotic plaques.

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between residual inflammatory risk (RIR) and vulnerable plaques using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods: This retrospective study included 70%–99% symptomatic ICAS patients hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were classified into four groups based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): residual cholesterol inflammatory risk (RCIR, hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), RIR (hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L), residual cholesterol risk (RCR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), and no residual risk (NRR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L). Vulnerable plaque features on HRMRI included positive remodeling, diffuse distribution, intraplaque hemorrhage, and strong enhancement. Results: Among 336 included patients, 21, 60, 58, and 197 were assigned to the RCIR, RIR, RCR, and NRR groups, respectively. Patients with RCIR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.606; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.346–9.662; P=0.011) and RIR (aOR, 3.361; 95% CI, 1.774–6.368, P<0.001) had higher risks of strong enhancement than those with NRR. Additionally, patients with RCIR (aOR, 2.965; 95% CI, 1.060–8.297; P=0.038) were more likely to have intraplaque hemorrhage compared with those with NRR. In the sensitivity analysis, RCR (aOR, 2.595; 95% CI, 1.201–5.608; P=0.015) exhibited an additional correlation with an increased risk of intraplaque hemorrhage. Conclusion In patients with symptomatic ICAS, RIR is associated with a higher risk of intraplaque hemorrhage and strong enhancement, indicating an increased vulnerability to atherosclerotic plaques.

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between residual inflammatory risk (RIR) and vulnerable plaques using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods: This retrospective study included 70%–99% symptomatic ICAS patients hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were classified into four groups based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): residual cholesterol inflammatory risk (RCIR, hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), RIR (hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L), residual cholesterol risk (RCR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), and no residual risk (NRR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L). Vulnerable plaque features on HRMRI included positive remodeling, diffuse distribution, intraplaque hemorrhage, and strong enhancement. Results: Among 336 included patients, 21, 60, 58, and 197 were assigned to the RCIR, RIR, RCR, and NRR groups, respectively. Patients with RCIR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.606; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.346–9.662; P=0.011) and RIR (aOR, 3.361; 95% CI, 1.774–6.368, P<0.001) had higher risks of strong enhancement than those with NRR. Additionally, patients with RCIR (aOR, 2.965; 95% CI, 1.060–8.297; P=0.038) were more likely to have intraplaque hemorrhage compared with those with NRR. In the sensitivity analysis, RCR (aOR, 2.595; 95% CI, 1.201–5.608; P=0.015) exhibited an additional correlation with an increased risk of intraplaque hemorrhage. Conclusion In patients with symptomatic ICAS, RIR is associated with a higher risk of intraplaque hemorrhage and strong enhancement, indicating an increased vulnerability to atherosclerotic plaques.

With the prolongation of peritoneal dialysis time, the peritoneum probably confronts structural and functional deterioration due to multiple factors, which will affect the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis. Clinically effective measures to protect peritoneal function are still lacking. This article reviewed studies in the last decade on protection of peritoneal function, which included strategies on dialysis prescription, medicine treatments for protection of peritoneal function, and non-medicine treatments such as far-infrared therapy and stem cell transplantation, to provide guidances for subsequent researches.