Integrated medical courses are one of the key models for the development and transformation of modern medical education. Modular-based integrated courses set higher standards for knowledge, skills and quality objectives. This article primarily discusses the specific practices of teaching reform in the integrated medical course of Frontiers of Infection and Immunity for eight-year program at Air Force Medical University. It covers the selection and integration of teaching content, innovative application of various teaching methods, diversified teaching evaluation and feedback, and the teaching team building. The course not only deepens students' knowledge and promotes their creative abilities but also enhances their comprehensive literacy and international perspective, thus effectively preparing high-quality medical talents for future challenges in the medical field.
Humans ; Education, Medical/methods* ; Teaching ; Curriculum ; Immunity ; Infections/immunology*

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of central lung cancer with obstructive atelectasis. Methods During the period from July 2015 to October 2017, 36 central lung cancer patients with atelectasis were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Hangzhou. All the patients were diagnosed by clinical pathology, and the lesions can be demonstrated by ultrasound. CEUS was performed on all the patients. After the examination, the time from which central lung cancer began to increase, the time at which the lungs began to inflate, and the peak and disappearance time of both were analyzed, and the enhancement pattern of the lesions were observed. Results CEUS clearly distinguished central lung cancer and atelectasis in all the 36 (100%) patients. CEUS showed central lung cancer as ″slow-in and fast-out″ mode in 32 of 36 patients, and as ″fast-out and fast-in″mode in the remaining four cases. Among all patients, 18 had uniform low enhancement, 12 had non-uniform low enhancement, 4 had uniform high enhancement, and 2 had non-uniform high enhancement. The onset enhancement time was 4-10 seconds in 32 patients, and 10-18 seconds in 4 cases. The onset enhancement time of the tumor tissue was 10-15 seconds. Conclusion CEUS can distinguish tumor tissue from atelectasis and is helpful in discovering tumor tissue hidden in atelectasis.

Objective To analyze the nursing of 1 00 diabetics with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A total of 1 00 diabetics complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis from January 201 3 to May 201 5 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,50 cases of each group.The patients of experimental group were given intervention nursing based on psychology,exercise,diet, rational administration and discharge instruction,while the patients of control group were given routine nursing.The glycemic control and negative conversion ratio of tubercle bacillus in sputum culture were compared between two groups. Results The rate of glycemic control in the experimental group and control group after treatment were 90% and 74% respectively (χ2 =4.336,P =0.037).The negative conversion ratio of tubercle bacillus in sputum culture at 6th and 9th month in the experimental group were 82% and 90%,while they in the control group were 62%and 76% (P <0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive intervention nursing improves the glycemic control and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetics complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To observe the influence of gender in cortical spreading depression (SD) wave in mice.Methods Potassium chloride (KCl) or middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were used to induce SD.Adult C57 mice were randomly divided into four groups:male and female KCl-induced groups,male and female MCAO-induced groups (n=8).SD waves were monitored for 2 h by electrophysiological method.Results SD waves showed lower amplitude and longer duration time in the MCAO-induced group as compared with those in the KCl-induced group.There were no obvious differences in SD amplitude,duration time,frequency and onset time of first SD between male and female KCl-induced groups (P＞0.05).There were no differences in SD amplitude and duration time between male and female MCAO-induced groups (P＞0.05),however,SD frequency and onset time of the first SD were signficantly different between male and female MCAO-induced group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Mice gender has an effect on MCAO-induced SD,but no obvious effect on KCl-induced SD; the possible explanation for the difference is that estrogens modifying susceptibility to SD is mainly through their effect on glutamate but not on K+ metabolic pathways.