Objective:To develop the Motivation for Bedtime Procrastination Questionnaire for College Students(CS-MBPQ)and evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on literature analysis,interviews with severe bedtime procrastinators,and open-ended surveys with college students,the initial questionnaire was formed.A total of 389 college students were recruited to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Additionally,691 college students were selected for confirmatory factor analysis,criterion validity testing,and internal consistency reliability analysis,and 132 of them were retested two weeks later.The subscale of behav-ioral intention from the Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire(TPBQ),Bedtime Procrastination Scale(BPS),and a self-made question for the frequency of bedtime procrastination were used as criterion tools.Results:The CS-MBPQ consists of 10 items,encompassing three factors:emotional need,external influence,and behavioral attitude,explaining 63.31％of the variance.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor structure model of CS-MBPQ fitted well(x2/df=4.90,RMSEA=0.07,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.94).The CS-MBPQ total scores and scores for each factor were positively associated with the score of intentions to sleep on time,BPS scores,and bed-time procrastination frequency(ICC=0.14-0.53,Ps＜0.05).The internal consistency reliabilities for CS-MBPQ and the three factors were 0.87,0.89,0.74,and 0.66,respectively,and the test-retest reliabilities(ICC)were 0.74,0.66,0.69,and 0.58,respectively.Conclusion:The Motivation for Bedtime Procrastination Questionnaire for College Students(CS-MBPQ)demonstrates good validity and reliability,which could be used as a tool to evaluate motivations for bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students.

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in assessing the condition of first-episode schizophrenia (SCH) in adolescents by analyzing the correlation between changes in rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 80 adolescents with first-episode SCH who received treatment at Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January to October 2024 (SCH group), and 80 healthy subjects who concurrently underwent physical examination (control group). All participants underwent rs-fMRI examinations and cognitive function assessments. The rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function scores were compared between SCH and control groups. Additionally, the correlation between rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function scores was analyzed.Results:The scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in the SCH group were (16.39 ± 1.72), (32.08 ± 4.57), and (15.48 ± 1.63), respectively. The scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(28.76 ± 0.68), (51.63 ± 7.24), (28.16 ± 0.74), t = -34.93, -21.43, -32.52, all P<0.001]. The brain regions where the fMRI low-frequency amplitude was significantly increased in patients with SCH compared with healthy subjects included the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and right fusiform gyrus. In contrast, the regions that showed significant decreases included the left medial frontal gyrus and the left temporal lobe. The low-frequency amplitude values of rs-fMRI in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and right fusiform gyrus were negatively correlated with MMSE, MCCB, and MoCA scores, whereas the low-frequency amplitude values in the left medial frontal gyrus and left temporal lobe were positively correlated with MMSE, MCCB, and MoCA scores (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Adolescents with first-episode SCH exhibit abnormalities in rs-fMRI characteristics across multiple brain regions, and these abnormalities are correlated with cognitive function deficits in the adolescents. This suggests that rs-fMRI examinations may provide a new approach for assessing the condition of first-episode SCH in children and adolescents.

Objective To explore the correlation between glycolysis related indexes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)[glucose transporter 1(GLUT1),fructose-2,6-diphosphatase 3(PFKFB3)and lactate kinase M2(PKM2)]and intracranial pressure and clinical prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage(HICH)who broke into the ventricle.Methods 85 HICH patients hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected as the research participants.The levels of PKM2,GLUT1 and PFKFB3 in PBMCs were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.Six months after the onset of HICH,the short-term outcome was evaluated by modified Rankin scale(mRS),and the patients were divided into good prognosis(mRS score≤2)and poor prognosis(mRS score≥3).Results The levels of PKM2,PFKFB3 and GLUT1 in PBMCs of HICH patients with ventricular rupture were further lower than those of the patients without ventricular rupture(P<0.05).Six months after discharge,8 patients(22.9%)with HICH in non-ventricular rupture group had poor prognosis,while 28 patients(56.0%)with HICH in ventricular rupture group had poor prognosis,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.263,P=0.002).Compared with the group with good prognosis,the levels of PKM2 and GLUT1 in PBMCs of HICH patients with poor prognosis were lower(P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the levels of PKM2 and GLUT1 in PBMCs of HICH patients with poor prognosis group were lower in HICH patients with ventricular rupture(P<0.05).In HICH patients who broke into the ventricle,the AUC of PKM2 and GLUT1 in predicting the poor prognosis of HICH patients were 0.879(95%CI:0.807～0.951)and 0.897(95%CI:0.831～0.963),respectively.Conclusion The levels of PKM2 and GLUT1 in PBMCs of patients with HICH breaking into ventricles decrease significantly,and are negatively correlated with intracranial pressure,which can be used to predict the short-term prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To develop the Motivation for Bedtime Procrastination Questionnaire for College Students(CS-MBPQ)and evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on literature analysis,interviews with severe bedtime procrastinators,and open-ended surveys with college students,the initial questionnaire was formed.A total of 389 college students were recruited to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Additionally,691 college students were selected for confirmatory factor analysis,criterion validity testing,and internal consistency reliability analysis,and 132 of them were retested two weeks later.The subscale of behav-ioral intention from the Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire(TPBQ),Bedtime Procrastination Scale(BPS),and a self-made question for the frequency of bedtime procrastination were used as criterion tools.Results:The CS-MBPQ consists of 10 items,encompassing three factors:emotional need,external influence,and behavioral attitude,explaining 63.31％of the variance.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor structure model of CS-MBPQ fitted well(x2/df=4.90,RMSEA=0.07,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.94).The CS-MBPQ total scores and scores for each factor were positively associated with the score of intentions to sleep on time,BPS scores,and bed-time procrastination frequency(ICC=0.14-0.53,Ps＜0.05).The internal consistency reliabilities for CS-MBPQ and the three factors were 0.87,0.89,0.74,and 0.66,respectively,and the test-retest reliabilities(ICC)were 0.74,0.66,0.69,and 0.58,respectively.Conclusion:The Motivation for Bedtime Procrastination Questionnaire for College Students(CS-MBPQ)demonstrates good validity and reliability,which could be used as a tool to evaluate motivations for bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students.

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in assessing the condition of first-episode schizophrenia (SCH) in adolescents by analyzing the correlation between changes in rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 80 adolescents with first-episode SCH who received treatment at Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January to October 2024 (SCH group), and 80 healthy subjects who concurrently underwent physical examination (control group). All participants underwent rs-fMRI examinations and cognitive function assessments. The rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function scores were compared between SCH and control groups. Additionally, the correlation between rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function scores was analyzed.Results:The scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in the SCH group were (16.39 ± 1.72), (32.08 ± 4.57), and (15.48 ± 1.63), respectively. The scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(28.76 ± 0.68), (51.63 ± 7.24), (28.16 ± 0.74), t = -34.93, -21.43, -32.52, all P<0.001]. The brain regions where the fMRI low-frequency amplitude was significantly increased in patients with SCH compared with healthy subjects included the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and right fusiform gyrus. In contrast, the regions that showed significant decreases included the left medial frontal gyrus and the left temporal lobe. The low-frequency amplitude values of rs-fMRI in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and right fusiform gyrus were negatively correlated with MMSE, MCCB, and MoCA scores, whereas the low-frequency amplitude values in the left medial frontal gyrus and left temporal lobe were positively correlated with MMSE, MCCB, and MoCA scores (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Adolescents with first-episode SCH exhibit abnormalities in rs-fMRI characteristics across multiple brain regions, and these abnormalities are correlated with cognitive function deficits in the adolescents. This suggests that rs-fMRI examinations may provide a new approach for assessing the condition of first-episode SCH in children and adolescents.

Objective:Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate changes in brain structure and function in patients with alcohol dependence (AD) complicated by major depressive disorder (MDD), and assessing the clinical significance of fMRI in diagnosing alcohol dependence complicated by MDD.Methods:From August 2019 to October 2022, 90 patients with AD complicated by MDD and 90 healthy subjects who concurrently received physical examination in our hospital were included in the study. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fMRI to observe the brain tissue structure of patients with AD complicated by MDD and to assess differences in N-acetylaspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr) and factional anisotropy (FA) values across different brain tissue regions.Results:The widths of the left and right ventricular temporal angles in the AD complicated by MDD group [(2.67 ± 0.24) mm, (2.63 ± 0.25) mm] were significantly higher than those observed in the healthy control group [(2.29 ± 0.21) mm, (2.31 ± 0.23) mm, t = 22.48, 20.64, both P < 0.001]. Additionally, the volumes of the left and right hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in the AD complicated by MDD group [(2 673.46 ± 155.74) mm 3, (2 692.29 ± 154.61) mm 3, (682.04 ± 65.37) mm 3, (729.65 ± 68.49) mm 3] were significantly lower compared with those in the healthy control group [(2 826.53 ± 158.95) mm 3, (2 849.17 ± 157.23) mm 3, (766.28 ± 69.51) mm 3, and (805.43 ± 71.36) mm 3, t = -9.53, -8.44, -15.62, -13.92, all P < 0.001]. Moreover, the NAA/Cr values in the left and right frontal lobes, temporal lobes, hippocampi, and nucleus accumbens in the AD complicated by MDD group were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group ( t = -11.36, -7.19, -9.96, -7.84, -14.59, -8.25, -7.64, -6.84, all P < 0.001). Similarly, the FA values of the left and right frontal lobes, temporal lobes, hippocampi, and right nucleus accumbens in the AD complicated by MDD group were significantly lower compared with those in the healthy control group ( t = -9.48, -11.74, -9.22, -10.36, -16.85, -14.67, -5.28, all P < 0.001). Conclusion:Patients with AD accompanied by MDD exhibit alterations in brain tissue structure, neuronal metabolic function, and the integrity of white matter nerve fibers. fMRI is effective in identifying changes in brain neuron metabolism and the integrity of white matter nerve fibers, making it invaluable for the diagnosis and assessment of AD accompanied by MDD.

The relevant data reported by laboratories carrying out serological prenatal screening in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the provincial inter-ventricular quality assessment was realized by comparing the internal quality control data of laboratories. The quality control analysis platform of prenatal screening in Jiangsu Province was used to collect the determination methods, quality control data results of three concentrations, instrument platform, reagents and other relevant information of maternal serological screening quality control in early and middle pregnancy in each laboratory from 2021 to 2022. Firstly, the test results of each laboratory were statistically analyzed, and the precision of each laboratory was evaluated by the variation coefficient of indoor quality control. Secondly, the consistency was evaluated by comparing laboratories with different experimental platforms. The results showed that the passing rate of PAPP-A(pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) precision test in 2021 and 2022 was 87.5% (7/8) and 92.3% (12/13), respectively. The accuracy pass rate of the Free β-hCG (free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin)(early pregnancy) test in 2021 and 2022 was 97.5% (39/40) and 95.5% (42/44), and the accuracy pass rate of the AFP(alpha-fetal protein) test in 2021 and 2022 was 100% (40/40) and 90.9% (40/44), respectively. The accuracy pass rate of Free β-hCG (middle pregnancy) test in 2021 and 2022 was 100% (40/40) and 95.5% (42/44), respectively. The consistency of each index was 100%. In conclusion, the relevant data reported by laboratories carrying out serological prenatal screening in Jiangsu Province has a high consistency, and for a small number of laboratories with poor stability, it is necessary to make periodic evaluation and rectification according to the data analysis results, so as to improve the quality control management of maternal serological prenatal screening.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical outcome of minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Improved anesthesia methods, monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve, minimally invasive gastrostomy, and jejunostomy techniques were introduced in surgical procedure. We evaluated perioperative data and long-term follow-up survival in these patients.Results:A total of 226 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, of which 48.2% received neoadjuvant therapy. The mean operation time was( 327 ± 68) min, with a total of 40.5(33, 50) lymph nodes and 27(19, 33) thoracic lymph nodes harvested. The postoperative hospital stay was 9(7, 12) days, and the postoperative complication rate was 36.3%. In terms of learning curve, after 50 patients intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rate were significantly decreased. The number of total lymph nodes, thoracic lymph nodes, and the 106tbl harvested was significantly increased. The median follow-up time was 23.5(14, 47) months, with a loss of follow-up rate of 3.5%. The overall 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 82.6% and 71.8%, respectively.Conclusion:Improved minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are safe and acceptable. Learning curve can be shortened, with increased lymph node harvested and decreased postoperative complications, which improving the short-term and long-term outcomes of patients.

The relevant data reported by laboratories carrying out serological prenatal screening in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the provincial inter-ventricular quality assessment was realized by comparing the internal quality control data of laboratories. The quality control analysis platform of prenatal screening in Jiangsu Province was used to collect the determination methods, quality control data results of three concentrations, instrument platform, reagents and other relevant information of maternal serological screening quality control in early and middle pregnancy in each laboratory from 2021 to 2022. Firstly, the test results of each laboratory were statistically analyzed, and the precision of each laboratory was evaluated by the variation coefficient of indoor quality control. Secondly, the consistency was evaluated by comparing laboratories with different experimental platforms. The results showed that the passing rate of PAPP-A(pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) precision test in 2021 and 2022 was 87.5% (7/8) and 92.3% (12/13), respectively. The accuracy pass rate of the Free β-hCG (free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin)(early pregnancy) test in 2021 and 2022 was 97.5% (39/40) and 95.5% (42/44), and the accuracy pass rate of the AFP(alpha-fetal protein) test in 2021 and 2022 was 100% (40/40) and 90.9% (40/44), respectively. The accuracy pass rate of Free β-hCG (middle pregnancy) test in 2021 and 2022 was 100% (40/40) and 95.5% (42/44), respectively. The consistency of each index was 100%. In conclusion, the relevant data reported by laboratories carrying out serological prenatal screening in Jiangsu Province has a high consistency, and for a small number of laboratories with poor stability, it is necessary to make periodic evaluation and rectification according to the data analysis results, so as to improve the quality control management of maternal serological prenatal screening.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.