Objective To investigate the feasibility of the spatiotemporal filtering model in analysis of reported schistosomiasis cases, so as to provide insights into analysis of complicated data pertaining to schistosomiasis control. Methods Demographic and epidemiological data of reported schistosomiasis cases in Anhui Province from 1997 to 2010 were collected from Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the annual prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum human infections was calculated. The meteorological data were captured from meteorological stations in counties (cities, districts) of Anhui Province where schistosomiasis cases were reported from 1997 to 2010 at the National Meteorological Information Center, including monthly average air temperature and precipitation. Meteorological data were interpolated using the inverse-distance weighting method, and the annual average air temperature and annual precipitation were calculated in each county (city, district). The centroid of the county (city, district) where schistosomiasis cases were reported was extracted using the software ArcGIS 10.0, and the Euclidean distance from each centroid to the Yangtze River was calculated as the distance between that county (city, district) and the Yangtze River. The global Moran’s I of the prevalence of S. japonicum human infections in Anhui Province for each year from 1997 to 2010 were calculated to analyze the spatial autocorrelation. A spatial weight matrix was constructed using Rook adjacency, and a first-order temporal weight matrix was built to quantify the relationship between disease changes over time. Subsequently, a spatiotemporal structure matrix was constructed. A negative binomial model was built based on the spatiotemporal structure matrix and data pertaining to reported schistosomiasis cases, and a linear model was created between the residual of the model and candidate set feature vectors to determine the optimal subset composition of the spatiotemporal filter through stepwise regression. Then, a spatio-temporal filtering model was constructed using the negative binomial model. Negative binomial models, Bayesian spatial models, and Bayesian spatiotemporal models were constructed and compared with the spatiotemporal filtering model to validate the performance of the spatiotemporal filtering model, and cross-validation was conducted for each model. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC), and the effectiveness of model validation was assessed using mean squared error (MSE), while the accuracy of assessment results was assessed using coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the computational efficiency was assessed based on the running time of the model. The four feature vectors with the largest Moran’s I values were selected to identify regions with autocorrelation through their schematic diagrams to investigate the differences in spatiotemporal patterns of specific regions. Results Of all models created, the spatiotemporal filtering model exhibited the highest goodness of fit (DIC = 3 240.70, WAIC = 3 257.80), the best model validation effectiveness (MSE = 42 617.52), and the runtime was 3.18 s, exhibiting the optimal performance. Across all modeling results, the distance from the Yangtze River showed a negative correlation with the number of reported schistosomiasis cases (coefficient values = −4.93 to −3.78, none of the 95% CIs included 0), and annual average air temperature or average precipitation posed no significant effects on numbers of reported schistosomiasis cases (both of the 95% CIs included 0). Schematic diagrams of feature vectors showed that the transmission of schistosomiasis might be associated with water systems in Anhui Province, and localized clustering patterns were primarily concentrated in the northern and western parts of schistosomiasis-endemic areas in the province. Conclusion The spatiotemporal filtering model is an effective spatiotemporal analysis characterized by simple modeling, user-friendly operation, accurate results and good flexibility, which may serve as an efficient alternative to conventional complex spatiotemporal models for data analysis in schistosomiasis researches.

Objective:To investigate the impact of High Alcohol-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) on hepatocyte function and explore its regulatory mechanism from the perspective of epigenetic modifications. Methods:Using the HepG2 cell line as the research model, the study involved exposing the cells to alcohol and three different HiAlc Kpn strains in vitro, dividing them into a control group, alcohol-treated group, W8 group, 3-24 group, and 4-26 group. The effect of HiAlc Kpn on liver cell proliferation was investigated using the Incucyte live cell imaging system, and the apoptotic level of liver cells was determined using flow cytometry. The fluorescence confocal microscopy combined with live cell probes was used to detect lipid accumulation and intracellular ROS levels in liver cells. The amount of mitochondrial damage was determined using flow cytometry combined with the seahorse cell metabolism analyzer, and changes in protein levels undergoing global lactylation modification were investigated using Western blotting. Results:Compared with the control group, HiAlc Kpn strains W8, 3-24 and 4-26 could decrease the proliferation rate and increase the ratio of apoptosis of hepatocyte HepG2 cells. The results of high-content cell imaging showed that the fluorescence points of ROS enrichment in HepG2 cells were increased after HiAlc Kpn treatment. The lipid accumulation was significantly increased by oil red O and BODIPY staining. The number of oil droplets and fluorescence points was higher than those in the control group and alcohol treatment group. The results of flow cytometry showed that the ratio of JC-1 monomer/polymer was significantly increased after alcohol and three kinds of HiAlc Kpn were treated and the W8 treatment group was about six times higher than the control group ( P<0.05). Seahorse Energy Metabolism System′s mitochondrial pressure test results showed that the extracellular acidification degree and oxygen consumption rate were significantly reduced by the HiAlc Kpn 4-26 strain. Western blot analysis showed that the pan-lactylation modification level increased after high-concentration alcohol treatment and the increased rate of pan-lactylation modification in the 1 000 mmol/L alcohol group was about three times that of the control group. HiAlc Kpn W8 and 3-24 strains resulted in four or two-times pan-lactylation modification increases compared with the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HiAlc Kpn can induce lipid peroxidation in hepatic cells by regulating the increase in histone pan-lactylation modification levels, leading to mitochondrial damage, impaired cell proliferation capacity and increased apoptosis levels.

With the advancement of space exploration missions,space station operations have entered a routine phase,where single-flight missions last up to six months.Previous studies indicate that the spaceflight environment severely compromises the immune system,increasing the susceptibility to diseases.As primary responders to pathogenic challenges,immune cells exhibit exceptional sensitivity to gravitational alterations and background ionizing radiation in space,with their dysfunction being a critical health risk.For innate immunity,the complex space environment disrupts macrophage polarization and phagocytosis,neutrophil chemotaxis and killing,natural killer(NK)cell cytotoxicity,and dendritic cell maturation,leading to functional impairment of innate immune defenses.For adaptive immunity,microgravity and radiation induce cellular immune dysregulation by suppressing T cell proliferative capacity and perturbing Th1/Th2/Treg subset balance,while simultaneously undermining humoral immunity through interference with B-lymphocyte protein synthesis,blockade of developmental maturation,and reduction of effector B cell populations.This review summarizes recent advances in understanding space environment-induced immune perturbations and protection options using traditional Chinese medicine,focusing on microgravity and radiation.It not only deciphers molecular mechanisms underpinning immune cell dysfunction but also provides a theoretical foundation and drug-targeting strategies for developing countermeasures against spaceflight-specific immune dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the death risk of gastric cancer patients with different primary sites.Methods:The data of 35 263 gastric cancer patients from 2004 to 2015 were extracted from of the National Cancer Institute the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. According to the recorded causes of death, the treatment outcomes were classified into 3 categories: death from gastric cancer, death from non-gastric cancer and others. All included patients were grouped by age, gender, race, region, and marital status. Statistical analysis was conducted by using R 4.2.1 software to compare the composition of patients with different treatment outcomes at 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year in each factor subgroup. Univariate Fine-Gray competing model was used to analyze the cumulative incidence of death at 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year in gastric cancer patients with different primary sites. The 5 factors mentioned above were included in the multivariate Fine-Gray competing model to analyze the factors influencing the risk of death from gastric cancer in the entire population at 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year and in gastric cancer patients with different primary sites for 10 years in each factor subgroup after adjusting for demographic differences.Results:Among the entire population, there were 13 392 cases of cardia, 2 198 cases of gastric fundus, 4 510 cases of gastric body, 8 394 cases of antrum, 1 154 cases of pylorus, 3 633 cases of lesser curvature, and 1,982 cases of greater curvature. There were statistically significant differences in the composition of 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year treatment outcomes including death from gastric cancer, non-gastric cancer and other outcomes of gastric cancer patients stratified by different age, gender, race, region, marital status, and primary sites of tumors among subgroups (all P < 0.001). Univariate Fine-Gray model analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of death from gastric cancer was 29.0%, 30.9% and 31.6%, respectively at 3-year,5-year and 10-year after the confirmed diagnosis in gastric cancer patients with primary sites in the cardia, which was all lower than that in those with primary site in the gastric fundus (44.5%, 46.8%, 47.7%), the gastric body (49.1%, 46.8%, 53.5%), the antrum (51.4%, 54.7%, 56.1%), the pylorus (53.6%, 57.8%, 59.8%), the lesser curvature (44.4%, 48.4%, 50.0%), and the greater curvature (42.4%, 45.0%, 46.4%). Multivariate Fine-Gray model analysis showed that the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year mortality risks of gastric cancer patients with the primary site in the cardia were all lower than those of patients with the primary sites in other locations (all HR > 1, P < 0.001); taking the 10-year death from gastric cancer as an example, the death risks of gastric cancer patients with the primary site in the fundus ( HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.62-1.86), gastric body ( HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.93-2.14), gastric antrum ( HR = 2.13, 95% CI: 2.04-2.23), pylorus ( HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 2.11-2.47), lesser curvature ( HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.67-1.86), and greater curvature ( HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.53-1.76) were all higher than those of patients with primary site in the cardia (all P < 0.001). The results of subgroup multivariate Fine-Gray model analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the 10-year death risk of gastric cancer between gastric cancer patients with other primary sites and patients with primary site in the cardia in the age group under 30 years (gastric fundus, gastric body, gastric antrum, lesser curvature, greater curvature), the black group (gastric fundus and lesser curvature) and other races group (gastric fundus, greater curvature and lesser curvature)(all P > 0.05); the results of other subgroups were the same as those of the entire population, namely, the 10-year risk of death from gastric cancer in patients with primary site in the cardia was lower than that in patients without primary site in the cardia (all HR > 1, P < 0.05). Conclusions:In SEER database, the patients with primary site in the cardia has a lower risk of death from gastric cancer compared to those with other primary sites.

Objective:To analyze the abnormal results of health surveillance for workers exposed to dimethylformamide (DMF), and to provide reference for the formulation of relevant policies and standards.Methods:In April 2024, 11, 224 workers who participated in occupational health examinations in Jiangsu Province in 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 5, 615 people exposed to DMF were taken as the exposure group, and 5, 609 people not exposed to hepatotoxic chemicals were taken as the control group. By inquiring about related symptoms and combining with the occupational health examination of workers, the abnormal rates of blood pressure, blood routine, urine routine, electrocardiogram, liver function and B-ultrasonography of the survey subjects were statistically analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the abnormal detection rates of indicators such as blood pressure, blood routine, urine routine, and electrocardiogram were higher, and the difference was statistically significant P<0.05). The abnormal rates of various liver function indicators in the DMF exposure group were all higher than those in the control group. Among them, the abnormal rates of alanine aminotransferase, total protein, total bilirubin, and liver B-ultrasound in the exposure group were all higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=34.88, 42.49, 43.07, 55.28, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the detected values of alanine aminotransferase, total protein and total bilirubin in the DMF exposure group were higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=5.367, 29.543, 37.766, P<0.05). In the DMF exposure group, the abnormal rates of liver function, electrocardiogram and liver B-ultrasound in men were much higher than those in women, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=185.05, 10.06, 141.94, P<0.001, P=0.002, P<0.001). Grouped by length of service, the abnormal detection rate of liver function was similar in each length of service segment, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.34, P>0.05). The abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram increased with the increase of length of service, among which it was the highest in the 10-20 years of service, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.26, P=0.026). The abnormal rate detected by liver B-ultrasound significantly increased with the increase of working years, and was the highest in the section of ≥20 years of working years. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=44.15, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Occupational exposure to DMF can affect the health of workers, especially increasing the detection rate of abnormal liver function and liver B-ultrasound. It is very important to strengthen the occupational health monitoring of personnel exposed to DMF, improve the working environment, and pay attention to the chronic liver damage caused by DMF occupational exposure to workers.

Objective To explore the impacts of dietary diary combined with path based eating management on gastrointestinal function and dietary health behavior in postoperative patients with laparoscopic distal gastric cancer.Methods From January 2021 to January 2023,150 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastric cancer surgery were randomly divided into two groups.The control group received routine dietary management intervention,while the observation group received dietary diary combined with path based eating management intervention.The gastrointestinal function and dietary health behavior of the two groups were compared.Results The excellent and good rate of gastrointestinal function recovery was 57.33％in the observation group,which was higher than 47.33％in the control group 3 d after operation(P＜0.05);One month after surgery and three months after discharge,the scores of dietary health behaviors in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);One month after discharge and three months after discharge,the serum albumin level in observation group was(37.68±5.30)g/L,(38.25±4.82)g/L,and the hemoglobin level was(120.08±20.02)g/L,(124.62±24.23)g/L,which was higher than that in control group[1 month after discharge:(30.32±4.17)g/L,(32.99±4.41)g/L;3 months after discharge:(110.75±16.12)g/L,(115.34±18.44)g/L](P＜0.05);The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dietary diary combined with path based eating management can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function and improve dietary health behavior in postoperative patients with laparoscopic distal gastric cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term safety and efficacy of total laparoscopic, laparoscopy-assisted, and open total gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, relevant clinical data on 243 patients who had undergone radical total gastrectomy after receiving neoadjuvant therapy were collected. These patients had been admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, and Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College between January 2020 and April 2024. Among them, 202 were male (83.1%) and 41 were female (16.9%), and their average age was 61.3±8.1 years. The patients were allocated to three groups according to surgical procedure: total laparoscopic (68 cases), laparoscopic- assisted (79 cases), and open surgery (96 cases). We compared relevant baseline characteristics, neoadjuvant treatment, intraoperative and postoperative conditions, postoperative histopathological findings, and related complications between these three groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics or neoadjuvant treatment between the three groups (all P>0.05). The operative time was longer in the total laparoscopic group than in the laparoscopic-assisted and open surgery groups (267.7±37.9 minutes vs. 243.9±38.3 minutes vs. 219.7±41.2 minutes, respectively; F=7,112.278; P<0.001). However, more lymph nodes were harvested in the total laparoscopic group than in the laparoscopic-assisted and open surgery groups (27.8±4.8 vs. 27.4±6.3 vs. 27.2±5.1, respectively; F=6.042; P=0.002). Additionally, the total laparoscopic group had shorter times to first postoperative flatus (2.3±0.7 days vs. 2.4±0.7 days vs. 2.6±0.6 days, respectively; F=5.094; P=0.006] and first postoperative bowel movement (2.9±0.5 days vs. 3.0±0.6 days vs. 3.0±0.6 days, respectively; F=3.929; P=0.020). There were no statistically significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative transfusion rates, postoperative intensive care unit admission rates, maximum tumor diameter, number of positive lymph nodes dissected, TNM stage, time to first postoperative oral intake, time to drain removal, or length of hospital stay between the three groups (all P>0.05). Among the 243 patients, 22 developed postoperative complications, making the overall complication rate 9.1%. Six patients (8.8%) in the total laparoscopic group developed complications, comprising two (2.9%) Grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo complications. One of these patients (1.5%) was readmitted within 30 days due to complications. Seven patients (8.9%) in the laparoscopic-assisted group developed complications, comprising two (2.5%) Grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo complications. One of these patients was readmitted within 30 days and another was within 90 days due to complications. Nine patients (9.4%) in the open surgery group developed complications, comprising four (4.2%) Grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo complications. Two patients (2.1%) were readmitted within 30 days and another (1.0%) within 90 days due to complications. There were no statistically significant differences among the three surgical approaches in overall postoperative complication rates, Clavien-Dindo grades, or readmission rates 30 and 90 days postoperatively (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In patients with gastric cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy, there are no significant differences in the overall safety and short-term effectiveness of the three surgical procedures. Although the operative time is longer for total laparoscopic total gastrectomy, this procedure offers the advantages of faster postoperative recovery and earlier resumption of feeding.

Objective:To investigate the impact of High Alcohol-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) on hepatocyte function and explore its regulatory mechanism from the perspective of epigenetic modifications. Methods:Using the HepG2 cell line as the research model, the study involved exposing the cells to alcohol and three different HiAlc Kpn strains in vitro, dividing them into a control group, alcohol-treated group, W8 group, 3-24 group, and 4-26 group. The effect of HiAlc Kpn on liver cell proliferation was investigated using the Incucyte live cell imaging system, and the apoptotic level of liver cells was determined using flow cytometry. The fluorescence confocal microscopy combined with live cell probes was used to detect lipid accumulation and intracellular ROS levels in liver cells. The amount of mitochondrial damage was determined using flow cytometry combined with the seahorse cell metabolism analyzer, and changes in protein levels undergoing global lactylation modification were investigated using Western blotting. Results:Compared with the control group, HiAlc Kpn strains W8, 3-24 and 4-26 could decrease the proliferation rate and increase the ratio of apoptosis of hepatocyte HepG2 cells. The results of high-content cell imaging showed that the fluorescence points of ROS enrichment in HepG2 cells were increased after HiAlc Kpn treatment. The lipid accumulation was significantly increased by oil red O and BODIPY staining. The number of oil droplets and fluorescence points was higher than those in the control group and alcohol treatment group. The results of flow cytometry showed that the ratio of JC-1 monomer/polymer was significantly increased after alcohol and three kinds of HiAlc Kpn were treated and the W8 treatment group was about six times higher than the control group ( P<0.05). Seahorse Energy Metabolism System′s mitochondrial pressure test results showed that the extracellular acidification degree and oxygen consumption rate were significantly reduced by the HiAlc Kpn 4-26 strain. Western blot analysis showed that the pan-lactylation modification level increased after high-concentration alcohol treatment and the increased rate of pan-lactylation modification in the 1 000 mmol/L alcohol group was about three times that of the control group. HiAlc Kpn W8 and 3-24 strains resulted in four or two-times pan-lactylation modification increases compared with the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HiAlc Kpn can induce lipid peroxidation in hepatic cells by regulating the increase in histone pan-lactylation modification levels, leading to mitochondrial damage, impaired cell proliferation capacity and increased apoptosis levels.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term safety and efficacy of total laparoscopic, laparoscopy-assisted, and open total gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, relevant clinical data on 243 patients who had undergone radical total gastrectomy after receiving neoadjuvant therapy were collected. These patients had been admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, and Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College between January 2020 and April 2024. Among them, 202 were male (83.1%) and 41 were female (16.9%), and their average age was 61.3±8.1 years. The patients were allocated to three groups according to surgical procedure: total laparoscopic (68 cases), laparoscopic- assisted (79 cases), and open surgery (96 cases). We compared relevant baseline characteristics, neoadjuvant treatment, intraoperative and postoperative conditions, postoperative histopathological findings, and related complications between these three groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics or neoadjuvant treatment between the three groups (all P>0.05). The operative time was longer in the total laparoscopic group than in the laparoscopic-assisted and open surgery groups (267.7±37.9 minutes vs. 243.9±38.3 minutes vs. 219.7±41.2 minutes, respectively; F=7,112.278; P<0.001). However, more lymph nodes were harvested in the total laparoscopic group than in the laparoscopic-assisted and open surgery groups (27.8±4.8 vs. 27.4±6.3 vs. 27.2±5.1, respectively; F=6.042; P=0.002). Additionally, the total laparoscopic group had shorter times to first postoperative flatus (2.3±0.7 days vs. 2.4±0.7 days vs. 2.6±0.6 days, respectively; F=5.094; P=0.006] and first postoperative bowel movement (2.9±0.5 days vs. 3.0±0.6 days vs. 3.0±0.6 days, respectively; F=3.929; P=0.020). There were no statistically significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative transfusion rates, postoperative intensive care unit admission rates, maximum tumor diameter, number of positive lymph nodes dissected, TNM stage, time to first postoperative oral intake, time to drain removal, or length of hospital stay between the three groups (all P>0.05). Among the 243 patients, 22 developed postoperative complications, making the overall complication rate 9.1%. Six patients (8.8%) in the total laparoscopic group developed complications, comprising two (2.9%) Grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo complications. One of these patients (1.5%) was readmitted within 30 days due to complications. Seven patients (8.9%) in the laparoscopic-assisted group developed complications, comprising two (2.5%) Grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo complications. One of these patients was readmitted within 30 days and another was within 90 days due to complications. Nine patients (9.4%) in the open surgery group developed complications, comprising four (4.2%) Grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo complications. Two patients (2.1%) were readmitted within 30 days and another (1.0%) within 90 days due to complications. There were no statistically significant differences among the three surgical approaches in overall postoperative complication rates, Clavien-Dindo grades, or readmission rates 30 and 90 days postoperatively (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In patients with gastric cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy, there are no significant differences in the overall safety and short-term effectiveness of the three surgical procedures. Although the operative time is longer for total laparoscopic total gastrectomy, this procedure offers the advantages of faster postoperative recovery and earlier resumption of feeding.

Objective To explore the impacts of dietary diary combined with path based eating management on gastrointestinal function and dietary health behavior in postoperative patients with laparoscopic distal gastric cancer.Methods From January 2021 to January 2023,150 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastric cancer surgery were randomly divided into two groups.The control group received routine dietary management intervention,while the observation group received dietary diary combined with path based eating management intervention.The gastrointestinal function and dietary health behavior of the two groups were compared.Results The excellent and good rate of gastrointestinal function recovery was 57.33％in the observation group,which was higher than 47.33％in the control group 3 d after operation(P＜0.05);One month after surgery and three months after discharge,the scores of dietary health behaviors in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);One month after discharge and three months after discharge,the serum albumin level in observation group was(37.68±5.30)g/L,(38.25±4.82)g/L,and the hemoglobin level was(120.08±20.02)g/L,(124.62±24.23)g/L,which was higher than that in control group[1 month after discharge:(30.32±4.17)g/L,(32.99±4.41)g/L;3 months after discharge:(110.75±16.12)g/L,(115.34±18.44)g/L](P＜0.05);The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dietary diary combined with path based eating management can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function and improve dietary health behavior in postoperative patients with laparoscopic distal gastric cancer.