ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for recompensation in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， and to establish a predictive model. MethodsA total of 217 patients who were diagnosed with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis and were admitted to The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming l from January， 2019 to December， 2022 were enrolled， among whom 63 patients who were readmitted within at least 1 year and had no portal hypertension-related complications were enrolled as recompensation group， and 154 patients without recompensation were enrolled as control group. Related clinical data were collected， and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the factors that may affect the occurrence of recompensation. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed measurement data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed measurement data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for recompensation in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model. ResultsAmong the 217 patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， 63 （29.03%） had recompensation. There were significant differences between the recompensation group and the control group in HIV history （χ²=4.566， P=0.034）， history of partial splenic embolism （χ²=6.687， P=0.014）， Child-Pugh classification （χ²=11.978， P=0.003）， grade of ascites （χ²=14.229， P<0.001）， albumin （t=4.063， P<0.001）， prealbumin （Z=-3.077， P=0.002）， high-density lipoprotein （t=2.854， P=0.011）， high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （Z=-2.447， P=0.014）， prothrombin time （Z=-2.441， P=0.015）， carcinoembryonic antigen （Z=-2.113， P=0.035）， alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） （Z=-2.063， P=0.039）， CA125 （Z=-2.270， P=0.023）， TT3 （Z=-3.304， P<0.001）， TT4 （Z=-2.221， P=0.026）， CD45⁺ （Z=-2.278， P=0.023）， interleukin-5 （Z=-2.845， P=0.004）， tumor necrosis factor-α （Z=-2.176， P=0.030）， and portal vein width （Z=-5.283， P=0.005）. The multivariate analysis showed that history of partial splenic embolism （odds ratio ［OR］=3.064， P=0.049）， HIV history （OR=0.195， P=0.027）， a small amount of ascites （OR=3.390， P=0.017）， AFP （OR=1.003， P=0.004）， and portal vein width （OR=0.600， P<0.001） were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of recompensation in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis. The ROC curve analysis showed that HIV history， grade of ascites， history of partial splenic embolism， AFP， portal vein width， and the combined predictive model of these indices had an area under the ROC curve of 0.556， 0.641， 0.560， 0.589， 0.745， and 0.817， respectively. ConclusionFor patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， those with a history of partial splenic embolism， a small amount of ascites， and an increase in AFP level are more likely to experience recompensation， while those with a history of HIV and an increase in portal vein width are less likely to experience recompensation.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between perioperative myocardial injury(PMI)and serum N/OFQ levels in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Totally 120 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery under general anesthesia from January 2022 to May 2023 were included,including 60 patients with coronary heart disease(CHD group)and 60 patients without coronary heart disease(control group).The venous blood of patients was collected 10 minutes before anesthesia induction(T0),12 hours after surgery(T1)and 24 hours after surgery(T2)to detect the content of N/OFQ and high-sensitivity myocardial troponin I(hs-cTnI)in serum.Record perioperative adverse cardiovascular events(PACE)and the use of vasoactive drugs during surgery.Results Compared with the control group,the N/OFQ and hs cTnI levels at T0 and T1 in the CHD group were significantly increased(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between N/OFQ and hs-cTnI levels at T1 and T2 in CHD and control group(P<0.05).The use of PACE and intraoperative vasoactive drugs in the CHD group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between the increased N/OFQ content and PMI in elderly patients with coronary heart disease after surgery,which may become an early predictive indicator of PMI.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and key points of diagnosis and treatment of malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa)to increase awareness of the disease.Methods The clinicopathological data of 2 patients with malignant PEComa treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results Both patients were male,aged 53 and 16 years,respectively.The sites of occurrence were in the retroperitoneum and pelvis,respectively.Both tumors were resected surgically,and the diagnosis was confirmed with postoperative pathology.Under the microscope,the tumor tissue of one patient was mainly composed of smooth muscle-like cells,and that of the other patient was composed of epithelioid cells,both showing pathological mitotic images and expressing HMB45,Melan-A,SMA and CD34,no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed during the follow-up.The literatures collected involved 15 patients with retroperitoneal or pelvic PEComa,including 3 males and 12 females,of which 9 were malignant.The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain,bloating,or lower back pain.Some cases were detected during physical examinations.Conclusion Malignant PEComa is difficult to be diagnosed before surgery and easy to be misdiagnosed.The confirmed diagnosis depends on the postoperative pathological results.The preferred treatment is complete resection of tumor.Long-term follow-up is needed.

Objective To explore the risk factors that affect the outcome of testicular torsion in patients with testicular resection,to provide ideas for clinical management.Methods The clinical data of 117 patients with testicular torsion treated in our hospital during Jan.1,2012 and Mar.1,2023 were retrospectively analyzed,43 of whom underwent testicular detorsion and orchidopexy,and 74 underwent orchiectomy.The correlation between preoperative inflammatory and coagulation-related indicators,testicular torsion angle,TWIST score and orchiectomy was analyzed with univariate analysis.The independent risk factors for testicular torsion patients with testicular resection as the outcome were analyzed with binary logistic regression.The predictive value of each factor for orchiectomy was assessed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that long duration of onset(OR=1.841,P=0.036),large torsion angle(OR=1.005,P=0.016),high TWIST score(OR=2.225,P=0.003)and elevated FIB level(OR=2.489,P=0.049)were independent risk factors for testicular torsion patients with testicular resection as the outcome.ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value of the above 4 factors to predict orchiectomy were 1.75 days,225°,3.5 and 3.155 g/L;the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were 0.893,0.718,0.812 and 0.770,respectively.Conclusion The duration of onset,torsion angle,TWIST score,and FIB level are independent risk factors for testicular torsion patients with testicular resection as the outcome,and these indicators have certain predictive value.

Objective:To analyze the hepatic tissue inflammatory activity and influencing factors in HBeAg-positive patients during normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and indeterminate phases so as to provide a basis for evaluating the disease condition.Methods:Patients with HBeAg-positive with normal ALT and HBV DNA levels below 2 × 10 7 IU/ml from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. A histopathologic liver test was performed on these patients. Age, gender, time of HBV infection, liver function, HBsAg level, HBV DNA load, genotype, portal vein inner diameter, splenic vein inner diameter, splenic thickness, and others of the patients were collected. Significant influencing factors of inflammation were analyzed in patients using logistic regression analysis, and its effectiveness was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results:Of the 178 cases, there were 0 cases of inflammation in G0, 52 cases in G1, 101 cases in G2, 24 cases in G3, and one case in G4. 126 cases (70.8%) had inflammatory activity ≥ G2. Infection time ( Z=-7.138, P<0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase ( t ?=-2.940, P=0.004), aspartate aminotransferase ( t ?=-2.749, P=0.007), ALT ( t ?=-2.153, P=0.033), HBV DNA level ( t ?=-4.771, P=0.010) and portal vein inner diameter ( t ?=-4.771, P<0.001) between the ≥G2 group and < G2 group were statistically significantly different. A logistic regression analysis showed that significant inflammation in liver tissue was independently correlated with infection time [odds ratio (OR)=1.437, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.267-1.630; P<0.001)] and portal vein inner diameter ( OR=2.738, 95% CI: 1.641, 4.570; P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUROC), specificity, and sensitivity for infection time and portal vein inner diameter were 0.84, 0.71, 0.87, 0.72, 0.40, and 0.95, respectively. Conclusion:A considerable proportion of HBeAg-positive patients have inflammation grade ≥G2 during normal ALT and indeterminate phases, pointing to the need for antiviral therapy. Additionally, inflammatory activity has a close association with the time of infection and portal vein inner diameter.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of combining venetoclax (VEN) with hypomethylated drugs (HMA) in the treatment of higher-risk (IPSS-R score >3.5) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) .Methods:From March 2021 to December 2022, forty-five MDS patients with intermediate and high risk were treated with VEN in combination with HMAs. Clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including gender, age, MDS subtype, IPSS-R score, treatment regimen, and efficacy, etc. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze univariate and multivariate of survival prognosis.Results:①Forty-five patients with MDS, including ninety-one percent were classified as high or very high risk. According to the 2023 consensus proposal for revised International Working Group response criteria for higher-risk MDS, the overall response rate (ORR) was 62.2% (28/45), with the complete response rate (CR) was 33.3% (15/45). For twenty-five na?ve MDS, the ORR was 68% (17/25) and the CR rate was 32% (8/25). In nonfirst-line patients, the ORR and CR were 55% (11/20) and 35% (7/20) respectively. The median cycle to best response was 1 (1-4). ②With a median followup of 189 days, the median overall survival (OS) time was 499 (95% confidence interval, 287-711) days, and most patients died from disease progression. Responders had a significantly better median OS time than nonresponders (499 days vs 228 days, P<0.001). Multifactor analysis revealed that IPSS-R score and response to treatment were independent prognostic factors for OS; the presence of SETBP1 gene mutations was associated with a longer hospital stay (51.5 days vs 27 days, P=0.017) . Conclusions:There is clinical benefit of venetoclax in combination with hypomethylated agents in patients with higher-risk MDS, but adverse events such as severe hypocytopenia during treatment should be avoided.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a bone marrow nucleated erythroid cell proportion of greater than or equal to 50% (MDS-E) .Methods:The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with MDS-E were retrospectively analyzed by collecting the case data of 1 436 newly treated patients with MDS diagnosed in the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from May 2014 to June 2023.Results:A total of 1 436 newly diagnosed patients with complete data were included in the study, of which 337 (23.5%) patients with MDS-E had a younger age of onset and lower neutrophil and platelet counts compared with those in patients with an erythroid cell proportion of less than 50% (MDS-NE) (all P<0.05). The proportion of MDS cases with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) was higher in the MDS-E group than in the MDS-NE group, and multi-hit TP53 mutations were more enriched in the MDS-E group than in the MDS-NE group (all P<0.05). Among patients with MDS-RS, the frequency of complex karyotypes and the TP53 mutation rate were significantly lower in the MDS-E group than in the MDS-NE group (0 vs 11.9%, P=0.048 and 2.4% vs 15.1%, P=0.053, respectively). Among patients with TP53 mutations, the frequencies of complex karyotypes and multi-hit TP53 mutations were significantly higher in the MDS-E group than in the MDS-NE group (87.5% vs 64.6%, P=0.003 and 84.0% vs 54.2%, P<0.001, respectively). Survival analysis of patients with MDS-RS found that the overall survival (OS) in the MDS-E group was better than that in the MDS-NE group [not reached vs 63 (95% CI 53.3-72.7) months, P=0.029]. Among patients with TP53 mutations and excess blasts, the OS in the MDS-E group was worse than that in the MDS-NE group [6 (95% CI 2.2-9.8) months vs 12 (95% CI 8.9-15.1) months, P=0.022]. Multivariate analysis showed that age of ≥65 years ( HR=2.47, 95% CI 1.43-4.26, P=0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of ≤100 fl ( HR=2.62, 95% CI 1.54-4.47, P<0.001), and TP53 mutation ( HR=2.31, 95% CI 1.29-4.12, P=0.005) were poor prognostic factors independent of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) prognosis stratification in patients with MDS-E. Conclusion:Among patients with MDS-RS, MDS-E was strongly associated with a lower proportion of complex karyotypes and TP53 mutations, and the OS in the MDS-E group was longer than that in the MDS-NE group. Among patients with TP53 mutations, MDS-E was strongly associated with complex karyotypes and multi-hit TP53 mutations, and among TP53-mutated patients with excess blasts, the OS in the MDS-E group was shorter than that in the MDS-NE group. Age of ≥65 years, MCV of ≤100 fl, and TP53 mutation were independent adverse prognostic factors affecting OS in patients with MDS-E.

Objective:To analyze the compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in geriatric patients with fresh fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the data of the patients with fresh extremity fracture which had been included in the ERAS perioperative protocol database during May 2019 and January 2022 at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. The patients ≥65 years were selected as a study group which was matched by a control group of the patients < 65 years in sex, fracture type and date frame of hospitalization at a ratio of 1∶1. The 2 groups were compared in the compliance with the 14 ERAS core perioperative elements.Results:The study group and the control group each included 66 patients who were matched in sex and fracture type. 62.1% (41/66) of the patients in the study group had combined diseases, significantly more than that [16.7% (11/66)] in the control group( P<0.001). Altogether, the compliance with the 14 ERAS core perioperative elements was 78.6 (71.4, 85.7) % in both groups, showing no significant difference between them ( P>0.05). Respectively, the compliance with the postoperative oral intake in the study group (80.3%, 53/66) was significantly lower than that in the control group (92.4%, 61/66) ( P<0.05); the compliance with the other 13 elements showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The ERAS perioperative protocol can be carried out smoothly in geriatric patients with fresh fracture whose compliance may be comparable to that of the none-elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and imaging features of population receiving opportunistic screening for lung cancer and in convalescent stage of COVID-19.Methods:Cross-sectional study and analysis was performed on the patients who underwent chest low-dose CT examination for cancer prevention in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 28, 2022 to January 19, 2023. All the patients completed the COVID-19 questionnaire. A total of 334 questionnaires were sent out, all of which were recovered, and 321 valid questionnaires were collected, among them, 293 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the questionnaire information, clinical symptoms and chest CT imaging results. The potential influencing factors of COVID-19 infection were explored, and the imaging characteristics of COVID-19 infection and early stage of lung cancer were compared.Results:A total of 293 patients underwent lung cancer screening during the convalescent stage of COVID-19 infection. A total of 231 (78.8%) cases had cough and 228 (77.8%) cases had fever. 214 (73.0%) cases still had clinical symptoms within 2 weeks after nucleic acid or antigen test showing negative, especially for cough in 171 (58.4%) cases, fatigue in 79 (25.3%) cases and sputum in 73 (24.9%) cases. There were 54 (18.4%) cases with positive chest CT changes. The main imaging findings showed that there were 46 cases with new patchy shadows, 25 cases with linear opacities, 10 cases with ground-glass opacities, 10 cases with nodular like shadows and 2 cases with consolidation, and most lesions were in the subpleural area of both lungs. Univariate analysis showed that positive CT findings were correlated with the time from positive detection of COVID-19 to screening ( P=0.026), age ( P<0.001) and underlying diseases ( P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that age≥65 years old ( OR=6.425, 95% CI: 2.688-15.358; P<0.001) and underlying diseases ( OR=2.292, 95% CI: 1.120-4.691; P=0.023) were risk factors for pulmonary imaging changes of COVID-19 infection. For lung cancer opportunistic screening, 36 (12.3%) cases showed ground-glass opacities in bilateral or unilateral lung lobes, among which 4 cases were suspected to be atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and 2 cases s were suspected to be early stage of lung cancer. Conclusions:Abnormal clinical symptoms and chest CT findings are still observed in the patients during the convalescent stage of COVID-19 infection. Age≥65 years, underlying diseases were the high-risk factors for the changes in chest CT imaging after COVID-19 infection. Attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of chest CT findings between changes in the convalescent stage of COVID-19 and early stage of lung cancer.

Existing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization, integrity and precision, and need to be updated urgently. Herein, an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0 (ETCM v2.0, http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/) was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books, 9872 Chinese patent drugs, 2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients. To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery, we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module, which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient, as well as their binding activities. Importantly, five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0, which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy, to summarize the rules of prescription use, and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials. Moreover, ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced JavaScript-based network visualization tool for creating, modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks. ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs, the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing, and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.