As a traditional nutritional and healthy cash crop in China, tea has certain significance in promoting human health and preventing and controlling chronic diseases. Studies have shown that the nutritional health effect of tea is due to its rich functional components, mainly including tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, alkaloids and other bioactive substances. At present, researchers from the academic circles have continuously carried out animal and human experiments on the health effects of various functional components of tea, which has accumulated abundant research data and materials. Based on this, this article reviews the literature on the nutritional and health effects of the main functional components of tea, and adopts the method of evidence-based research to screen and extract relevant data for qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. Subsequently, the nutritional health effects of the five functional components of tea, namely tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, and alkaloids, are summarized and outlined. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine and alkaloids have different health effects and are expected to play their unique roles in promoting human health and preventing and controlling diseases.

Objective:To understand the genetic characteristics of varicella-zoster virus（VZV）prevalent in Qinghai province，China since 2020.Methods:A total of 54 pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from sporadic suspected varicella cases in Qinghai province in 2020，2023，and 2024. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for etiological screening of the specimens. Sequencing of three genes，namely ORF22，ORF38，and ORF62，and single-nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）analysis were performed on VZV nucleic acid-positive specimens.Results:All 54 suspected varicella cases were diagnosed with VZV infection，and three gene sequences were successfully obtained from 53 specimens. The results of genotype identification showed that all VZV infection case specimens obtained in this study in Qinghai province were wild strains. Among them，4 specimens in 2020 were of clade 2 type；among 14 specimens in 2023，7 were of clade 2 type and the remaining 7 were of clade 5 type；among 35 specimens in 2024，27 were of clade5 type，5 were of clade 2 type，and 3 were of clade 4 type. The SNP results showed that in 2023 and 2024，one specimen each had an A→G base mutation at position 37 990，and in 2024，3 specimens had a T→C base mutation at position 37946. Among them，the sequences containing the former mutation have been prevalent and spread in multiple regions of China，and the latter has not been reported in other regions of China.Conclusion:From 2020 to 2024 in Qinghai province，at least three genotypes of VZV，namely clade 2 type，clade 5 type，and clade 4 type，co-prevailed，and the clade 5 genotype of VZV may become the dominant prevalent strain.

Objective:To understand the genetic characteristics of varicella-zoster virus（VZV）prevalent in Qinghai province，China since 2020.Methods:A total of 54 pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from sporadic suspected varicella cases in Qinghai province in 2020，2023，and 2024. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for etiological screening of the specimens. Sequencing of three genes，namely ORF22，ORF38，and ORF62，and single-nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）analysis were performed on VZV nucleic acid-positive specimens.Results:All 54 suspected varicella cases were diagnosed with VZV infection，and three gene sequences were successfully obtained from 53 specimens. The results of genotype identification showed that all VZV infection case specimens obtained in this study in Qinghai province were wild strains. Among them，4 specimens in 2020 were of clade 2 type；among 14 specimens in 2023，7 were of clade 2 type and the remaining 7 were of clade 5 type；among 35 specimens in 2024，27 were of clade5 type，5 were of clade 2 type，and 3 were of clade 4 type. The SNP results showed that in 2023 and 2024，one specimen each had an A→G base mutation at position 37 990，and in 2024，3 specimens had a T→C base mutation at position 37946. Among them，the sequences containing the former mutation have been prevalent and spread in multiple regions of China，and the latter has not been reported in other regions of China.Conclusion:From 2020 to 2024 in Qinghai province，at least three genotypes of VZV，namely clade 2 type，clade 5 type，and clade 4 type，co-prevailed，and the clade 5 genotype of VZV may become the dominant prevalent strain.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, its applications in medical imaging have become increasingly extensive. This review aimed to analyze the current development status and future direction of intelligent imaging technology by investigating its application in various medical departments. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive search of various data sources up to 2024, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, based on the principle of comprehensive search. A total of 332 articles were screened, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 56 articles were selected for this study. According to the findings, intelligent imaging technology exhibits robust image recognition capabilities, making it applicable across diverse medical imaging modalities within hospital departments. This technology offers an efficient solution for the analysis of various medical images by extracting and accurately identifying complex features. Consequently, it significantly aids in the detection and diagnosis of clinical diseases. Its high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity render it an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics and related tasks, thereby enhancing the overall quality of healthcare services. The application of intelligent imaging technology in healthcare significantly enhances the efficiency of clinical diagnostics, resulting in more accurate and timely patient assessments. This advanced technology offers a faster and more precise diagnostic approach, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. This review analyzed the socioeconomic changes brought about by intelligent imaging technology to provide a more comprehensive evaluation. Also, we systematically analyzed the current shortcomings of intelligent imaging technology and its future development directions, to enable future research.
Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods* ; Hospitals

[Objective]To discuss Professor LIN Shangzhu's experience in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).[Methods]Through clinical follow-up learning,analyzing related medical cases and summarizing Professor LIN Shangzhu's clinical experience in treating CAG from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis,treatment characteristics,and therapeutic methods and prescriptions,with a medical case for substantiating it.[Results]Professor LIN Shangzhu thought that the pathogenesis of CAG was related to deficient root and excessive superficial.It was based on spleen and stomach of asthenia of healthy energy,and Qi stagnation,phlegm dampness stagnation,blood stasis and residual heat toxin are the temporary solutions.He proposed that "Qi deficiency and collateral stasis syndrome" was a common clinical syndrome of CAG.The treatment should be based on invigorating the spleen and replenishing Qi,supplemented by products for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,taking into account the methods of warming Yang,nourishing Yin,regulating Qi and dispelling dampness.In the medical record,the patient was of deficiency of spleen Qi and functional activities of Qi would be obstructed.Combining with symptoms,tongue,pulse and applying syndrome differentiation and treatment,the case was treated with modified Liujunzi Decoction to invigorate the spleen and replenish Qi,promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,eliminate phlegm and descend inverse,dissipate dampness and promote appetite,clear residual heat toxin in order to tackle both symptoms and root causes for the exact clinical effect.[Conclusion]Professor LIN Shangzhu treats CAG from deficiency,stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis,it has certain reference significance in the prevention and treatment of the disease with traditional Chinese medicine.

[Objective]To discuss Professor LIN Shangzhu's experience in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).[Methods]Through clinical follow-up learning,analyzing related medical cases and summarizing Professor LIN Shangzhu's clinical experience in treating CAG from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis,treatment characteristics,and therapeutic methods and prescriptions,with a medical case for substantiating it.[Results]Professor LIN Shangzhu thought that the pathogenesis of CAG was related to deficient root and excessive superficial.It was based on spleen and stomach of asthenia of healthy energy,and Qi stagnation,phlegm dampness stagnation,blood stasis and residual heat toxin are the temporary solutions.He proposed that "Qi deficiency and collateral stasis syndrome" was a common clinical syndrome of CAG.The treatment should be based on invigorating the spleen and replenishing Qi,supplemented by products for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,taking into account the methods of warming Yang,nourishing Yin,regulating Qi and dispelling dampness.In the medical record,the patient was of deficiency of spleen Qi and functional activities of Qi would be obstructed.Combining with symptoms,tongue,pulse and applying syndrome differentiation and treatment,the case was treated with modified Liujunzi Decoction to invigorate the spleen and replenish Qi,promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,eliminate phlegm and descend inverse,dissipate dampness and promote appetite,clear residual heat toxin in order to tackle both symptoms and root causes for the exact clinical effect.[Conclusion]Professor LIN Shangzhu treats CAG from deficiency,stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis,it has certain reference significance in the prevention and treatment of the disease with traditional Chinese medicine.

Life sciences are the disciplines most closely related with human beings. As experimental disciplines, life sciences develop rapidly and highly intersect in many scientific fields. Under the "double first-class" initiative, the comprehensive development-oriented talent training system has put forward an urgent need for life sciences literacy and comprehensive ability training of college students. Taking the reform of liberal education curriculum system as an opportunity, we developed a series of eight life sciences practical liberal courses for students with non-biology majors. The courses cover all sub-disciplines or directions of life sciences, and aim to foster interdisciplinary talents with life sciences knowledge and literacy, as well as practical and innovative abilities. These courses could serve as references for experimental teaching centers in colleges and universities to set up practical liberal and experimental courses.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Students ; Universities

Objective:To investigate the etiology, clinicopathological changes and genetic variation characteristics of familial juvenile hyperuricemia nephropathy (FJHN) through pedigree investigation and gene test conducted on a patient with FJHN.Methods:Clinical data of the proband family members were collected, routine pathological examination of the proband kidney tissue was conducted, and the expression of the Uromodulin (UMOD) protein in the proband kidney tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Peripheral blood specimens of proband and their relatives were collected, and gene sequencing analysis related to urinary system diseases including UMOD was performed by double-stranded DNA probe gene capture and high-throughput sequencing. Results:Seven family members in the family were involved and the inheritance method was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Among the seven affected individuals only a 3-year-old child didn't show any clinical abnormalities. All of the remaining six patients had hyperuricemia accompanied with renal dysfunction and three of them were end-stage renal disease and two of them died of uremia. Proband renal pathological results showed chronic tubulointerstitial lesions and focal glomerular sclerosis with no obvious deposition of immune complexes. Immunofluorescent staining showed that strong positive signals of UMOD protein accumulated in the tubular epithelial cells, which was very specific and could be used to differentiate FJHN from other interstial nephritis. A total of four patients including the proband were tested and all had found heterozygous mutation c.377G>A of UMOD gene, a new missense mutation located on exon 3. Conclusion:Involved patients in this family present a typical autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, clinically manifested as hyperuricemia with early renal function impairment, renal pathology manifested as non-immune complex-mediated glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis, and there is abnormal accumulation of UMOD protein in renal tubular epithelial cells. Genetic testing shows a new gene locus mutation c.377G>A, confirming the diagnosis of FJHN. Patients with unexplained hyperuricemia and characteristic pathological changes should undergo renal tissue fluorescent staining of UMOD protein, which may be a simple and feasible method to detect the abnormality of UMOD protein.

Sensory processing is strongly modulated by different brain and behavioral states, and this is based on the top-down modulation. In the olfactory system, local neural circuits in the olfactory bulb (OB) are innervated by centrifugal afferents in order to regulate the processing of olfactory information in the OB under different behavioral states. The purpose of the present study was to explore the organization of neural networks in olfactory-related cortices and modulatory nuclei that give rise to direct and indirect innervations to the glomerular layer (GL) of the OB at the whole-brain scale. Injection of different recombinant attenuated neurotropic viruses into the GL showed that it received direct inputs from each layer in the OB, centrifugal inputs from the ipsilateralanterior olfactory nucleus (AON), anterior piriform cortex (Pir), and horizontal limb of diagonal band of Broca (HDB), and various indirect inputs from bilateral cortical neurons in the AON, Pir, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, HDB, dorsal raphe, median raphe and locus coeruleus. These results provide a circuitry basis that will help further understand the mechanism by which olfactory information-processing in the OB is regulated.

Objective To compare the clinical features of pulmonary infections with Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium abscessus in the tuberculosis intensive care unit (ICU).Methods Clinical data of 74 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection (NTM) admitted in tuberculosis ICU of Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital from January 2012 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 54 patients infected with Mycobacterial abscesses, 16 patients with Mycobacterial intracellular, 2 patients with Mycobacterium avium and 2 patients with Mycobacterium kansasii.The clinical features, imaging manifestations, treatment and prognosis of patients with Mycobacterial intracellular and Mycobacterial abscesses lung infections were compared.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Survival curve analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism V 5.01.Results Among 74 patients with NTM lung disease , the infection rate of Mycobacterium abscessus was 72.87%(54/74), and the infection rate of Mycobacterium intracellular was 21.62%( 16/74 ).The age of patients with Mycobacterium intracellularis pulmonary disease was younger and the length of ICU stay was shorter than those of patients with Mycobacterium abscessus (t＝－2.729 and －6.150, P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the gender distribution and APACHE Ⅱ scores between the two groups ( both P＞0.05).The proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) in Mycobacterium intracellularis group was significantly lower and the proportion of patients with bronchiectasis was significantly higher than those in Mycobacterial abscesses group (χ2＝3.902, P＜0.05; χ2＝23.888, P＜0.01).The proportion of patients complicated with stroke sequelae , Parkinson's disease and other central nervous system diseases ( χ2＝14.872, P＜0.01) and diabetes (χ2＝3.902, P＜0.05) in Mycobacterial abscess group was significantly higher, and that of hemoptysis was significantly lower (χ2＝9.717, P＜0.01) than those in Mycobacterium intracellularis group.Respiratory failure (93.75%) and septic shock (6.25%) were the main reasons of ICU admission for patients with Mycobacterium intracellularis lung disease; while respiratory failure (90.74%), heart failure (11.11%) and renal failure (1.85%) were main reasons of ICU admission for patients with Mycobacterial abscesses; there were no significant differences in the causes of ICU admission between the two groups ( all P＞0.05).The proportion of NTM isolated from patients with Mycobacterial intracellular lung disease, prior to mechanical ventilation was significantly higher than that of patients with Mycobacterial abscess ( χ2＝30.366, P ＜0.01 ).In imaging, the proportion of bronchiectasis in Mycobacterium intracellularis lung disease group was significantly higher than that in Mycobacterial abscesses lung disease group (χ2＝23.888, P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality rate between the two groups (χ2＝3.244, P＞0.05), while the survival rate in patients with Mycobacterium intracellularis lung disease within 120 days was significantly higher than that in patients with Mycobacterial abscesses lung disease (χ2＝12.780, P＜0.01).Conclusion When critically ill patients are positive for acid-fast staining, the ICU physician should consider the possibility of NTM lung disease.For severe patients with long-term mechanical ventilation , Mycobacterium abscessus infection should be considered first.