Objective To establish the method of thin layer chromatography （TLC） for identification and content quantitative determination of Shugantongluo capsules, and provide methodological reference for the quality control of Shugantongluo capsules. Methods Bupleuriradix, polygala tenuifolia yuanzhi, and acorus tatarinowii rhizoma were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of Saikosaponin-a was determined by HPLC method. The chromatography was performed on Venusil XBP C₁₈（L） （4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm） with a stable temperature of 30℃. The mobile phase in isocratic elution consisted of acetonitrile-water （40∶60, V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 μl. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. Results Clear spots were obtained with good separation in TLC identification which was highly specific. The Saikosaponin-a at the range of 25.00-500.0 μg/ml was linear with peak area （r=0.999 9）, the average recovery rate was 97.00%, and RSD was 2.60%. Conclusion These methods was easy to operate with accurate results, with good specificity and reproducibility, which could be uesd for the quality control for Shugantongluo capsules.

Objective To analyze the prevalence status of cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF) and its aggregation among workers engaged in new forms of employment. Methods A total of 5 429 new employment workers (including couriers, online food delivery workers, and ride hailing drivers) who underwent health medical examinations at a tertiary hospital in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Data on waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels were collected to analyze their CMRF [central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] and their aggregation (with ≥ 2 of the above 5 risk factors) status. Results The detection rates of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced HDL-C were 61.2%, 38.2%, 29.5%, 40.9% and 22.6%, respectively. The detection rates of CMRF aggregation was 57.8%. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male, age ≥45 years, smoking, overweight, and obesity were risk factors for CMRF aggregation (all P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of CMRF and its aggregation among workers with new forms of employment in Beijing City is relatively high. Targeted prevention and control efforts should be strengthened for high-risk populations, especially males, workers aged ≥45 years, smokers, and those who are overweight or obese.

Lacking therapeutic targets highlights the crucial roles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To relieve the side effects of the chemoradiotherapy combination regimen, we design and develop a self-assembled micelle nanosystem consisting of perfluorocarbon chain-modified cisplatin prodrug. By incorporating perfluorodecalin, this nanosystem can effectively carry ozone and promote irradiation-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By leveraging the perfluorocarbon sidechain, the nanosystem exhibits efficient internalization by TNBC cells and effectively escapes from lysosomal entrapment. Under X-ray irradiation, ozone-generated ROS disrupts the intracellular redox balance, thereby facilitating the release of cisplatin in a reduction-responsive manner mediated by reduced glutathione. Moreover, oxygen derived from ozone decomposition enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy by alleviating tumor hypoxia. Notably, the combination of irradiation with ozone-loaded cisplatin prodrug nano system synergistically prompts antitumor efficacy and reduces cellular/systemic toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the combo regimen remodels the tumor microenvironment into an immune-favored state by triggering immunogenic cell death and relieving hypoxia, which provides a promising foundation for a combination regimen of immunotherapy. In conclusion, our nanosystem presents a novel strategy for integrating chemotherapy and radiotherapy to optimize the efficacy and safety of TNBC clinical treatment.

Alternative splicing (AS) serves as a fundamental regulatory mechanism in gene expression, contributing to proteomic diversity by generating an array of mRNA isoforms from precursor mRNA via distinct splice site combinations. In light of the limited therapeutic options currently available, the exploration of AS as a target for drug development is of paramount importance. This review offers an exhaustive analysis of the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with various AS-induced splice variants, RNA-binding proteins, and cis-elements, highlighting their significance as clinical biomarkers. We place particular emphasis on the current therapeutic applications of AS in an array of lung diseases, including but not limited to lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, silicosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The review delves into the role of AS events in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases, focusing on the regulatory influence of splicing factors and RNA-binding proteins, while also enumerating the mutated components implicated in AS misregulation. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing these splicing events could potentially offer novel avenues for the development of splicing-targeted therapeutics and diagnostic tools for the prevention and treatment of lung diseases.

With the emergence of deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks, artificial intelligence (AI) has driven transformative developments in the field of medical image analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have also started to achieve distinction in this domain. Increasing research shows the undeniable role of AI in reshaping various aspects of medical image analysis, including processes such as image enhancement, segmentation, detection in image preprocessing, and postprocessing related to medical diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings. However, despite the significant progress in AI research, studies investigating the recent advances in AI technology in the aforementioned aspects, the changes in research hotspot trajectories, and the performance of studies in addressing key clinical challenges in this field are limited. This article provides an overview of recent advances in AI for medical image analysis and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of AI technologies.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Deep Learning ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods*

OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of microRNA(miRNA)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)in ascites and serum ex-tracellular vesicles(EVs)for hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS From Nov.2023 to Nov.2024,41 patients with liver cancer and 26 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent ascites placement or ascites concentration and reinfusion procedures at the Fifth Medical Center of Chi-nese PLA General Hospital were selected as study subjects.Ascites and serum samples were collected.Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of miR-21,miR-125a,miR-150 and miR-200a in EVs.Chemiluminescence was used to measure the levels of AFP and PIVKA-Ⅱ in ascites,serum and EVs from ascites and serum.An artificial neural network was utilized to con-struct a combined diagnostic model of serum and ascites markers.RESULTS The area under the curve(AUC)for distinguishing HCC from liver cirrhosis using a combination of serum and other indicators was 0.933.The AUC for distinguishing HCC from liver cirrhosis using a combination of ascites and other indicators was 0.912.By screening all detected indicators using an artificial neural network and incorporating indicators with a relative im-portance＞0.5 into the diagnostic model,the model included four indicators:ascites AFP,ascites EVs miR-21,ascites EVs miR-200a and serum EVs miR-200a.This model had a sensitivity of 80.77％,a specificity of 87.80％and an AUC of 0.960 for distinguishing HCC from liver cirrhosis patients.CONCLUSION The combined diagnos-tic markers of miRNA,AFP and PIVKA-Ⅱ in ascites and serum-derived EVs have good application value in the diagnosis of HCC.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of postoperative infection and its risk factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), so that to provide a clinical basis for the prevention and management of postoperative infection in these patients.Methods:Ninety-seven patients pathologically diagnosed with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between December 2020 and March 2022 were included. This study was a clinical retrospective cohort study. The clinical characteristics and preoperative laboratory indicators of the included patients were collected. Based on the presence or absence of infection, the patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group. Chi-square test and independent samples t test were used for statistical methods. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors for postoperative infection, and interaction terms were introduced to assess effect modification between variables. Results:Among the 97 patients, 46(47.42%) developed postoperative infections, of which 44(95.65%) were pulmonary infections. The proportion of hypertension in the infection group was 43.48%(20/46), which was higher than 23.53%(12/51) in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.35, P=0.037). The preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin level in the infection group was 6.26%±0.85%, which was higher than that in the non-infection group (5.77%±0.57%), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.81, P=0.007). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male (odds ratio ( OR)=0.598, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.519 to 0.689, P<0.001), absence of diabetes ( OR=0.416, 95% CI 0.340 to 0.509, P<0.001), and absence of hypertension ( OR=0.647, 95% CI 0.569 to 0.735, P<0.001) were protective factors against postoperative infection. Age>60 years ( OR=1.159, 95% CI 1.031 to 1.304, P=0.014) and alcohol consumption ( OR=1.262, 95% CI 1.024 to 1.555, P=0.029) were risk factors for postoperative infection. Effect modification analysis found that males without diabetes ( OR=0.027, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.687, P=0.029) and the absence of both diabetes and hypertension ( OR=0.378, 95% CI 0.163 to 0.880, P=0.024) were also protective factors against postoperative infection. Conclusions:Risk factors for postoperative infection in OSCC include elder age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and poor preoperative glycemic control. Therefore, clinical practice should enhance preoperative assessment, promote lifestyle modifications, optimize perioperative blood pressure management, implement glycemic control, and provide perioperative alcohol cessation interventions to reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

The pathogenesis of tinnitus is unclear and may involve the peripheral and central nervous sys-tems.Recent studies have found that neuroinflammatory response leads to hyperactivity of nerve center,in which tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)has an important impact on neurotransmitter transmission,transmembrane ion concentration,neuronal synaptic structure and functional reorganisation,and may play an important role in the path-ogenesis of acute tinnitus.This article discusses the central mechanism of TNF-α in mediating the onset of acute tin-nitus.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) for coronary functional ischemia, and to investigate the feasibility of synchronously obtaining Doppler blood flow velocity information with the help of OCT technology.Methods:This study was a single-center, prospective, self-controlled clinical study on coronary heart disease patients who underwent OCT and FFR assessment at Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 2024 to February 2025. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation and consistency between OCT-FFR and FFR. With FFR≤0.80 as the gold standard for judging whether the target vessel was ischemic, the diagnostic performance of OCT-FFR was evaluated, and the diagnostic value of OCT-FFR for significant coronary artery ischemia was assessed using subject operating characteristic curves. Blood flow OCT data were analyzed by Doppler processing algorithm to obtain information on coronary blood flow velocity.Results:A total of 31 vessels from 28 patients were analyzed, the correlation coefficient r between OCT-FFR and FFR of the 31 vessels was 0.84 ( P<0.001). With FFR as the gold standard to determine whether a coronary artery is ischemic, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for OCT-FFR was 93.55%, 75.00%, 100.00%, 1.00, 0.92. In clinical practice, Doppler OCT was used for the first time to obtain information on coronary blood flow velocity. Conclusion:OCT-FFR had an excellent correlation and consistency with FFR in judging whether there is coronary artery ischemia. The feasibility of the simultaneous acquisition of OCT-FFR and Doppler flow velocity information in coronary stenosis was preliminarily verified.

AIM:To optimize the clinical dosage and administration regimen of a novel long-acting injectable aripiprazole microsphere(LZMT05)using plasma concentration data from two clinical trials.METHODS:Plasma concentrations were collected from 196 schizophrenia patients administered LZMT05,and a population pharmacokinetic(Pop-PK)model was developed.The therapeutic window was defined as the steady-state trough-to-peak concentration range(94.0-534 ng/mL)of oral ar-ipiprazole.Multiple clinical scenarios were simulat-ed to identify the optimal regimen.RESULTS:A one-compartment model with dual first-order ab-sorption and first-order elimination characterized LZMT05 pharmacokinetics.Covariates like sex and CYP2D6 genotype were integrated into the final model.Simulations demonstrated that switching from 10 mg oral aripiprazole to 350 mg LZMT05 ev-ery 4 weeks sustained concentrations within the therapeutic window with minimal peak-to-trough fluctuations.CONCLUSION:The PopPK-guided opti-mized LZMT05 regimen maintained drug exposure within the therapeutic window,suggesting favor-able efficacy and safety.