Atherosclerotic plaques arise within the vessels， yet their morphological evolution parallels that of carbuncles and abscesses. Drawing on the pathomechanism progression of carbuncles and abscesses， this paper proposes a dynamic pathogenesis model of "constraint-putrefaction-ulceration" for atherosclerotic plaques. The formation of atherosclerotic plaque begins with phlegm-turbidity obstruction and qi-blood stagnation （constraint stage）； prolonged constraint transforms into heat that scorches the vessels and forms plaques （putrefaction stage）； ultimately， toxin invades inward and ruptures the vessels， injuring the heart （ulceration stage）. Accordingly， staged differentiation and treatments are proposed. During the constraint stage， the focus is venting constraint and unblocking collaterals， clearing and relieving constraint-heat， for which Yue Jyu Pills （越鞠丸） and Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder （丹栀逍遥散） with modifications can be used. During the putrefaction stage， the method is clearing heat and dispelling abscesses， resolving stasis and dissipating knot， with modified Wuwei Xiaodu Beverage （五味消毒饮） and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction （血府逐瘀汤）. During the ulceration stage， it is suggested to expell toxin and stasis， benefit qi and nourish yin using modified Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction （瓜蒌薤白半夏汤） and Sheng Mai Powder （生脉散）. This framework offers new perspectives for the differentiation and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques in traditional Chinese medicine.

Military hospital preparation rooms are an important part of military medical institutions and have played an important role in military pharmacy support in history. However, with the development of science and technology, the improvement of domestic pharmaceutical production and innovation capabilities, and the adjustment of the military establishment and system, the establishment structure, functional tasks, and business forms of military medical institutions have undergone significant changes. The historical evolution of military preparation rooms were reviewed, the current situation were analyzed and the development challenges faced were identified. It was also explored how military hospital preparation rooms, as an important link in military pharmaceutical support, can face new situations and adapt to new forms of warfare. By enhancing the military efficiency of preparation rooms, it could play a greater role in improving medical support capabilities and enhancing the combat effectiveness of troops.

This paper summarizes Professor LU Fang's clinical experience in treating systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） based on the differentiation and treatment of heat-toxin and blood-stasis in the collaterals. SLE is generally characterized by deficiency in origin with excess in manifestation. The core pathogenesis is heat-toxin obstructing the collaterals. During the acute active stage， the predominant pattern is blazing heat-toxin causing blood stasis， while in the chronic remitting stage， the main pattern is toxic stasis blocking the collaterals with qi and yin deficiency. Clinical treatment follows the basic principle that treat with salty-cold herbs， when heat invades internally and that assist with acrid-dispersing herbs when stasis obstructs the collaterals. The self-formulated Yimian Decoction （抑免汤） serves as the base formula and is applied in stages. During the acute active stage， it is often combined with herbs for clearing heat and detoxifying， cooling blood and resolving stasis， and unblocking the collaterals. In the chronic remitting stage， it is often combined with herbs for activating blood circulation and unblocking the collaterals， as well as tonifying qi and nourishing yin.

Objective To establish the method of thin layer chromatography （TLC） for identification and content quantitative determination of Shugantongluo capsules, and provide methodological reference for the quality control of Shugantongluo capsules. Methods Bupleuriradix, polygala tenuifolia yuanzhi, and acorus tatarinowii rhizoma were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of Saikosaponin-a was determined by HPLC method. The chromatography was performed on Venusil XBP C₁₈（L） （4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm） with a stable temperature of 30℃. The mobile phase in isocratic elution consisted of acetonitrile-water （40∶60, V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 μl. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. Results Clear spots were obtained with good separation in TLC identification which was highly specific. The Saikosaponin-a at the range of 25.00-500.0 μg/ml was linear with peak area （r=0.999 9）, the average recovery rate was 97.00%, and RSD was 2.60%. Conclusion These methods was easy to operate with accurate results, with good specificity and reproducibility, which could be uesd for the quality control for Shugantongluo capsules.

Quality control (QC) of biospecimens from oral and maxillofacial tumors patients constitutes a critical foundation for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and precision medicine research of these diseases. Biospecimen quality directly governs the discovery and validation of disease biomarkers, the elucidation of pathogenesis, and the efficacy of clinical translation. QC spans the entire biospecimen lifecycle—encompassing collection, processing, storage, transportation, and utilization. Its primary objectives are to ensure sample integrity, reliability, traceability, and consistency, thereby guaranteeing the robustness of research data; the accuracy of molecular subtyping, biomarker identification, and treatment response prediction; and the precision of clinical decision-making. However, current QC frameworks for these biospecimens remain underdeveloped. Drawing on domestic and international technical standards, regulatory guidelines, and recent research advances, this paper elaborates on the importance of implementing a QC management system throughout the biospecimen lifecycle. It focuses on QC methodologies tailored to diverse biospecimen types, examining how standardized sampling procedures, regulated preprocessing workflows, and optimized long-term storage conditions influence sample quality. We aim to provide concrete guidance and a transferable paradigm for establishing standardized QC protocols and an informatics-enabled traceability system specific to oral and maxillofacial tumors. Such efforts are intended to enhance the research value and clinical utility of these biospecimens, furnishing reliable sample resources and technical support for the development of precision diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we advocate for a dual-track “QC plus Ethics” management framework within biobanks. This approach would reinforce ethical and legal safeguards, establishing a robust barrier to support safe scientific innovation and clinical translation.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of bladder inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT),so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of two patients with bladder IMT treated at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University.In combination with literature analysis,the clinical characteristics,treatment methods and prognosis of this disease were analyzed.Results Both patients presented with painless terminal macroscopic hematuria.Patient 1 was a 42-year-old male with a 6 cm bladder mass detected by cystoscopy,with no muscular involvement.Transurethral en bloc resection with a 1470 nm diode laser was performed,followed by a second transurethral resection.Patient 2 was a 21-year-old male with a 5 cm bladder mass visualized on cystoscopy,with no muscular invasion.Transurethral en bloc resection using a 1470 nm diode laser was conducted,followed by transurethral laser marking the margin of the wound and laparoscopic partial cystectomy.Preoperative cystoscopic biopsy and postoperative pathology diagnosed it as IMT,which invaded the superficial muscular layer and the margin was negative.Patient 1 was followed for 40 months and patient 2 for 15 months.Follow-up cystoscopy performed every 3 months showed no evidence of recurrence.This article also summarized the relevant literature on bladder IMT over the past five years.Conclusion Bladder IMT is an extremely rare neoplasm with nonspecific clinical manifestations,posing challenges in both diagnosis and treatment.However,early recognition and definitive pathological diagnosis,combined with bladder-sparing surgical strategies such as en bloc resection,often result in favorable outcomes,with reduced risk of recurrence and improved quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of a family with Dentinogenesis imperfecta type Ⅰ(DGI-Ⅰ).Methods:Clinical data were collected from a patient with DGI-Ⅰ admitted to the Reproductive Medicine Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in March 2024. Clinical and familial data were retrospectively collected. Peripheral blood samples (5 mL each) were obtained from the proband and her family members for genomic DNA extraction, followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing validation. The pathogenicity of the detected variants was assessed according to the Classification Standards and Guidelines for Genetic Variants formulated by the American Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereinafter referred to as the " ACMG Guidelines" ). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University (Ethics No. 2024-08-C012), and written informed consent for clinical research were obtained from all participants.Results:The proband, a 35-year-old female, presented with translucent yellow primary teeth and progressive browning, darkening, and loss of permanent teeth, without skeletal abnormalities. Affected family members exhibited similar phenotypes. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous COL1A2 variant (c.1503+ 1G>A) in the patient and other members, while unaffected family all members lacked this variant. Based on the ACMG Guidelines, this variant was classified as likely pathogenic(PM4 + PP1_Strong + PM2_Supporting). Conclusion:The COL1A2 c. 1503+ 1G>A heterozygous variant is the disease-causing mutation in this family. Above finding has expanded the mutational spectrum of the COL1A2 gene and provided a basis for genetic counseling and diagnosis in similar cases.

Objective To explore the effect of ionizing radiation on the fertility of male mice and its offspring and the intergenerational and transgenerational genetic effect mechanism of ionizing radiation through sperm DNA methylation sequencing.Methods Eight-week-old(8 w)C57BL/6 male mice were irradiated with 60Co radiation source at a dose of 3 Gy(3 Gy-F0 group,n=60)and non-irradiated mice of the same age were used as controls(0 Gy-F0 group,n=60).Afetr 5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,and 12-week radiation,the mice began to breed with healthy females,and the first generation(F1 generation)male mice then breed with healthy female mice to obtain the offspring(F2 generation)male mice.The structure of testis was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining;serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),testosterone(T)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Automatic sperm analysis system was used to detect sperm concentration and activity.The DNA of F0 generation sperm was extracted and analyzed by genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing.MassARRAY methylation sites were detected in sperm DNA of F1 generation mice and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results Compared with the 0 Gy-F0 group,male mice in the 3 Gy-F0 group gradually regained their reproductive ability 7 weeks after ionizing radiation.There was no significant difference in the number of surviving offspring between the 3 Gy-F0 group and 0 Gy-F0 group 10-11 weeks after radiation(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in body weight,testicular morphology,or sperm concentration of F1 generation mice between the 3 Gy-F1 group and the 0 Gy-F1 group(all P＞0.05).However,compared with the 0 Gy-F1 group,the contents of LH,FSH and T in the 3 Gy-F1 group were all decreased(all P＜0.05),the testicle volume,total sperm motility rate,forward motility rate and the fertility were considerably decreased(all P＜0.05).DNA methylation sequencing showed that more differentially methylated genes were enriched in the pathway regulating microtubule formation.MassARRAY methylation sites analysis showed that the methylation level of Mid1 was significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Mid1 was verified down-regulated in Fl and F0 sperm by qPCR(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in volume of testes,testicular index,sperm concentration,sperm motility,hormone levels or Mid1 expression level between 0 Gy-F2 and 3 Gy-F2 mice in F2 generation male mice(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Sperm damage in mice caused by ionizing radiation at a dose of 3 Gy can recover by itself.However,it may decrease sperm activity by regulating Mid1 methylation level of sperm in F1 mice,thus affect the fertility of F1 mice,but has no effect on the fertility of male F2 mice.

Objective:To explore the clinical feature and genetic variation of NPHS1 variant-associated nephropathy ( NPHS1-VAN) in Chinese patients. Methods:This study was a case-series analysis. Patients with NPHS1-VAN, who were treated and/or followed in the Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University between 2018 and 2023 were recruited into this study. Genotype, phenotype and their relationship were analyzed. Results:Nine NPHS1-VAN patients from 8 non-consanguineous Chinese families were collected, including 5 males and 4 females. There were 7 cases with an onset age within 3 months and 2 cases with an onset age of 6 months and 13 years, respectively. Seven patients harbored compound heterozygous variants, two had homozygous variants, including 8 missense variations,3 frameshift variants, and 1 splicing site variant. Four patients in 3 families harbored missense variant c.928G>A, two of them experienced spontaneous remission of proteinuria at the age of 1 year and 2 years, respectively, another one had persistent proteinuria and entered end stage renal disease (ESRD) at 11 years old. The other one had an onset age of 6 months with no response to steroids initially. She got complete remission by tacrolimus administered, but relapse frequently and partially responded to steroids later. Two patients of this group died, one of them died of respiratory failure 3 days after birth. Excessive amniotic fluid and fetal edema were acknowledged at 28 weeks of gestational age. He harbored compound heterozygous variants of NPHS1, c.1135C>G (R379G) and c.1339G>A (E447K). His mother previously experienced fetal death at 28 weeks gestational age for her first pregnant and stillborn at 36 weeks of gestational age for her second pregnant, respectively. One patient in this study who harbored homozygous variant of c.1339G>A (E447K) presented with a mild phenotype, onset age was 13 years old and didn't progress to ESRD yet at 21 years. Thus, variant E447K was hypothesized to be weakly pathogenic, while R379G may be strongly pathogenic with a risk of death. Five novel variants were identified in this group of patients, 3 missense variants (c.1135C>G, c.1157A>T, c.3197T>A) and 2 frameshift variants (c.709_710delCT, c.3193delG). Renal biopsy was performed in 4 cases, of whom two were focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and another two were minimal change disease. Conclusions:NPHS1-VAN possesses remarkable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Five novel variants were identified. Missense variant is the most common variant type and c.928G>A is the most common one in this group of patients, in consistent with previous report in China. Children harbor c.928G>A may have a mild phenotype with possible spontaneous remission and may be response to steroids and calcineurin inhibitor. Variant c.1135C>G (R379G) may have a strong pathogenicity, and patient who harbors this variant may have a severe phenotype.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of polysaccharide in water extract of Cyclocarya paliurus （CPWP） in inhibiting benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. MethodsCPWP was obtained by heating reflux， aqueous extraction， alcohol precipitation， and freeze drying. The chemical composition and structural properties of CPWP were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with 1-pheny-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization and infrared spectroscopy. Male SD rats were randomly assigned into control， model， finasteride （ig 5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （ig 50， 75， 100 mg·kg^-1） CPWP groups， with 8 rats in each group. The BPH model was established by subcutaneously injecting propionate testosterone in castrated rats. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs， and those in the control group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline each day. After 30 consecutive days， the rats were sacrificed， and the prostate tissue was separated and weighed. The effects of drug interventions on the body weight， prostate wet weight， and prostate index of rats were examined. The prostate tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） for observation of pathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the level of dihydrotestosterone （DHT）， and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 （SRD5A2） and Ki67 in the prostate tissue. ResultsCPWP was identified as a saccharide， with characteristic absorption peaks of saccharides. CPWP showed the total sugar content of 44.15% and molecular weight within the range of 5.5-78.8 kDa， being composed of mannose， rhamnose， galacturonic acid， glucose， galactose， xylose， and arabinose. Compared with the control group， the model group had significantly increased prostate wet weight and prostate index （P<0.01）， thick and tall prostate epithelial cells， increased internal wrinkles， papillary expansion into the cavity， an elevation in DHT level in the serum， and up-regulated expression of SRD5A2 and Ki67 in the prostate tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， both the finasteride and CPWP groups showed decreases in prostate wet weight and prostate index （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thinned prostate epithelial cells， with only a small portion of internal wrinkles and papillary expansion into the cavity， shortened papillary protrusions， lowered DHT level in the serum， and down-regulated expression of SRD5A2 and Ki67 in the prostate tissue （P<0.01）. Moreover， CPWP exerted effects in a dose-dependent manner. ConclusionCPWP inhibits BPH by regulating the expression of SRD5A2.