Anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor,often misdiagnosed as benign conditions such as rectal polyps or thrombosed hemorrhoids.In this case,the patient underwent 3D laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer at our hospital on April 16,2024,with pathological examination confirming malignant melanoma.As of August 9,2024,contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest and abdomen and magnetic resonance imaging of the whole abdomen suggested multiple systemic metastases.This underscores that patients with malignant melanoma are often at an advanced stage at the time of clinical presentation.Current treatment primarily involves surgery combined with various adjuvant therapies;however,the prognosis remains poor.The cornerstone of management lies in early recognition and timely intervention.

Anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor,often misdiagnosed as benign conditions such as rectal polyps or thrombosed hemorrhoids.In this case,the patient underwent 3D laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer at our hospital on April 16,2024,with pathological examination confirming malignant melanoma.As of August 9,2024,contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest and abdomen and magnetic resonance imaging of the whole abdomen suggested multiple systemic metastases.This underscores that patients with malignant melanoma are often at an advanced stage at the time of clinical presentation.Current treatment primarily involves surgery combined with various adjuvant therapies;however,the prognosis remains poor.The cornerstone of management lies in early recognition and timely intervention.

Objective To construct a risk assessment scale for postoperative delirium(POD)in elderly patients undergoing hip and knee joint replacement and evaluate the effect.Methods A total of 474 elderly patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty from March 2021 to May 2022 were collected as the training set,and a total of 153 the homogeneous patients from January 2022 to May 2022 were collected as the validation set.The patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not POD occurred:non-POD group and POD group.Risk factors of POD in the training set were analyzed by univariate analysis and multifactorial logistic regression.The consistency of the model was evaluated by Homser-Lemeshow goodness of fit test.The postoperative delirium risk assessment scale was established after the selected variables as-signed value according to OR value,and the predictive efficacy of the scale was evaluated by receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve.The patients in the training set and the validation set were divided into two groups according to the cut-off value:high-risk and low-risk.The incidence rate of POD with different risk stratification was calculated and the applicability of the risk assessment scale was evaluated.Results Fifty-eight patients(12.2%)with POD in the training set,and nineteen patients(12.4%)with POD in the validation set.Multifactor logistic regression showed that age≥85 years,ASA physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score≤24 points,preoperative sleep disorder,comorbid neu-rological disorders,use of general anesthesia,and non-use of dexmedetomidine were independent risk factors of POD.The POD risk assessment scale was then published based the seven risk factors.The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for this scale to predict the risk of POD was 0.956(95%CI 0.937-0.975),and the risk stratification was performed with a cut-off value of 44.5 points,which divided the patients into low-risk and high-risk.Compared with low-risk,the incidence rate of POD in high-risk patients group was significantly increased(P＜0.001).Conclusion A risk assessment scale based on the seven risk factors:age≥85 years,ASA physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,MMSE score≤24 points,preoperative sleep disorder,combined neurological disease,use of general anesthetic modality,and non-use of dexmedetomidine,can effectively identify elderly patients undergoing hip and knee replacement who are at high risk of developing POD.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine preventive on chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in patients undergoing hysterectomy.Methods Eighty patients scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy,aged 18-65 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ were recruited,and randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D) and the control group (group C).All patients received total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil.The patients in group D were administered intravenously dexmedetomidine 0.5μg·kg-1 ·h-1 from anesthesia induction to extubation at the end of surgery,while the patients in group C were administered normal saline 0.125 ml·kg-1· h-1.All patients received patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl postoperatively.Intraoperative vital signs,the dose of analgesic and sedatives,and adverse reactions were recorded.CPSP and neuropathic pain (NP) were evaluated through the telephone follow-up in 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively.Results The peri-operative vital signs of both groups were stable,and no obvious adverse reaction were observed.The dosage of tramadol used for resue analgesia in group D was lower than that in group C [(58.8±15.4) mg vs (78.9±24.5) mg,P＜0.05].Seventy-one of eighty patients completed all follow-up (37 in group D,34 in group C).The incidence of CPSP in postoperative 3,6 and 12 months were 10.8％,5.4 ％,2.7 ％ in group D,significantly lower than 35.3 ％,26.5 ％,17.6％ in group C,respectively (P＜0.05).The incidence of NP in postoperative 3 and 6 months were 2.7％,0％,significantly lower than 17.6％,14.7％ in group C,respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine preventive analgesia alleviate chronic post-hysterectomy pain.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical feature of nosocomial infections in general hospital,based on which effective methods are taken.METHODS An analysis was made on the basis of the survey,the data came from 73 690 hospitalized cases from 2000 to 2004.Bacterium appraise adopted French VITEK-32 fully automatic Expression.RESULTS Their prevalence rate was 5.34%,the main infection site was lower respiratory tract,and followed by upper respiratory tract and urinary tract.Among bacteria isolated from clinical cases,49.24% were G~-,(25.30%) were G~+,and 25.46% were fungi.The proportion of conditional bacteria showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2004.CONCLUSIONS The conditional bacteria show an increasing trend in the nosocomial(infections.) Strengthening the nosocomial infection management,treating underlying disease actively,lessing(invasive) process,supervising towards bacteria,and using antibacterial drug rationally are effective methods to(reducing) the rate of nosocomial infections.