Objective:To investigate the incidence of postoperative infection and its risk factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), so that to provide a clinical basis for the prevention and management of postoperative infection in these patients.Methods:Ninety-seven patients pathologically diagnosed with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between December 2020 and March 2022 were included. This study was a clinical retrospective cohort study. The clinical characteristics and preoperative laboratory indicators of the included patients were collected. Based on the presence or absence of infection, the patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group. Chi-square test and independent samples t test were used for statistical methods. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors for postoperative infection, and interaction terms were introduced to assess effect modification between variables. Results:Among the 97 patients, 46(47.42%) developed postoperative infections, of which 44(95.65%) were pulmonary infections. The proportion of hypertension in the infection group was 43.48%(20/46), which was higher than 23.53%(12/51) in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.35, P=0.037). The preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin level in the infection group was 6.26%±0.85%, which was higher than that in the non-infection group (5.77%±0.57%), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.81, P=0.007). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male (odds ratio ( OR)=0.598, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.519 to 0.689, P<0.001), absence of diabetes ( OR=0.416, 95% CI 0.340 to 0.509, P<0.001), and absence of hypertension ( OR=0.647, 95% CI 0.569 to 0.735, P<0.001) were protective factors against postoperative infection. Age>60 years ( OR=1.159, 95% CI 1.031 to 1.304, P=0.014) and alcohol consumption ( OR=1.262, 95% CI 1.024 to 1.555, P=0.029) were risk factors for postoperative infection. Effect modification analysis found that males without diabetes ( OR=0.027, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.687, P=0.029) and the absence of both diabetes and hypertension ( OR=0.378, 95% CI 0.163 to 0.880, P=0.024) were also protective factors against postoperative infection. Conclusions:Risk factors for postoperative infection in OSCC include elder age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and poor preoperative glycemic control. Therefore, clinical practice should enhance preoperative assessment, promote lifestyle modifications, optimize perioperative blood pressure management, implement glycemic control, and provide perioperative alcohol cessation interventions to reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of postoperative infection and its risk factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), so that to provide a clinical basis for the prevention and management of postoperative infection in these patients.Methods:Ninety-seven patients pathologically diagnosed with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between December 2020 and March 2022 were included. This study was a clinical retrospective cohort study. The clinical characteristics and preoperative laboratory indicators of the included patients were collected. Based on the presence or absence of infection, the patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group. Chi-square test and independent samples t test were used for statistical methods. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors for postoperative infection, and interaction terms were introduced to assess effect modification between variables. Results:Among the 97 patients, 46(47.42%) developed postoperative infections, of which 44(95.65%) were pulmonary infections. The proportion of hypertension in the infection group was 43.48%(20/46), which was higher than 23.53%(12/51) in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.35, P=0.037). The preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin level in the infection group was 6.26%±0.85%, which was higher than that in the non-infection group (5.77%±0.57%), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.81, P=0.007). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male (odds ratio ( OR)=0.598, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.519 to 0.689, P<0.001), absence of diabetes ( OR=0.416, 95% CI 0.340 to 0.509, P<0.001), and absence of hypertension ( OR=0.647, 95% CI 0.569 to 0.735, P<0.001) were protective factors against postoperative infection. Age>60 years ( OR=1.159, 95% CI 1.031 to 1.304, P=0.014) and alcohol consumption ( OR=1.262, 95% CI 1.024 to 1.555, P=0.029) were risk factors for postoperative infection. Effect modification analysis found that males without diabetes ( OR=0.027, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.687, P=0.029) and the absence of both diabetes and hypertension ( OR=0.378, 95% CI 0.163 to 0.880, P=0.024) were also protective factors against postoperative infection. Conclusions:Risk factors for postoperative infection in OSCC include elder age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and poor preoperative glycemic control. Therefore, clinical practice should enhance preoperative assessment, promote lifestyle modifications, optimize perioperative blood pressure management, implement glycemic control, and provide perioperative alcohol cessation interventions to reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of the petroleum ether extract of Sageretia thea on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells.Methods After breast cancer cells were incubated with the petroleum ether extract for different times,cell viability was analyzed by CCK8 assay,cell proliferation was detected by plate cloning test,nuclear morphology was observed by DAPI staining,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)were determined by immunofluorescence,and the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.After incubating with the extract for 24 h,the CCK8 assay was used to observe the toxicity to normal human vascular endothelial cells.Results The IC50 of BT549 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines treated with the petroleum ether extract for 24 h were 45.40 μg/ml and 12.23 μg/ml,respectively.The extract time and dose dependently inhibited breast cancer cell viability and clonal formation,induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in G1/S phase,decreased MMP and increased ROS levels.There was no toxic effect on normal endothelial cells.Conclusion The petroleum ether extract of Sageretia thea may induce apoptosis by increasing ROS to cause MMP collapse,followed by activating mitochondrial pathway,thereby hindering the growth of breast cancer cells.These results could support the application of Sageretia thea to anti-breast tumor in the folk.

Objective:To analyze the case fatality rate of HIV/AIDS cases and influencing factors in Jingzhou.Methods:The data were retrieved from HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information System and the cases diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Jingzhou during 1996-2021 and aged 15 years or older were selected for the study. The death curve was drawn with Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional-hazards model was used to identify influencing factors for death.Results:A total of 3 304 HIV/AIDS cases were followed up for 16 091.5 person-years, and 893 cases died, with a case fatality rate of 5.5/100 person-years. The cumulative case fatality rates of 1, 5 and 10 years were 15.4%, 25.0% and 34.6% respectively, the cumulative case fatality rates of 1, 5 and 10 years were 6.9%, 14.4% and 23.7% in the cases with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 68.0%, 90.1% and 98.7% in the cases without access to ART. The results of Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the risk for death was higher in those without access to ART than in those with access to ART (a HR=9.85, 95% CI: 8.19-11.85). The risk factors for death in those with access to ART included being men (a HR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.29-2.08), age ≥60 years old at diagnosis (a HR=3.52, 95% CI: 2.38-5.20), being infected by injecting drug use/others (a HR=2.38, 95% CI:1.30-4.34), being detected by medical institution (a HR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.11-2.11), CD4 +T lymphocytes(CD4) counts <50 cells/μl (a HR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.87-3.58). The protective factor for death was high education level (high school and technical secondary school: a HR=0.64,95% CI:0.46-0.90; college and above: a HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.73). The risk factors for HIV/AIDS death in those without access to ART included older age at diagnosis (30-44 years old: a HR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.40-3.84; 45-59 years old:a HR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.59-4.27; ≥60 years old: a HR=3.31, 95% CI: 2.01-5.47), lower CD4 counts (<50 cells/μl: a HR=10.47, 95% CI: 6.47-16.56; 50-199 cells/μl: a HR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.08-4.94; 200-349 cells/μl: a HR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.46-3.79). Conclusions:The case fatality rate of HIV/AIDS was relatively high in Jingzhou from 1996 to 2021, the first CD4 counts, ART and age at diagnosis were the major factors affecting HIV/AIDS death, "Expanding testing" and "prompt treatment upon diagnosis" should be continued and enhanced to improve the efficacy of ART and HIV/AIDS case survival.

Objective:To understand the mode and effect of the consultations involved clinical pharmacists, and discuss the work-ing process and mode of the consultations. Methods:Based on the practical work and team discussion, the flow chart and consultation registration form for the clinical pharmacist consultations were established and applied. Totally 410 cases of clinica1 pharmacist consul-tations were retrospectively investigated from March 2009 to December 2012. Results:The consultation flow chart was strictly followed by the clinical pharmacists in our hospital, and the obvious effect was shown. The number of consultation was increased from 59 cases in 2009 to 122 cases in 2013. In all the consultation cases, 21 departments were involved, including the medical departments and the surgery departments. Among the cases,the adjustment in antibacterial drug treatment was the main requirements. Meanwhile, the a-doption rate of the clinical pharmacist suggestions was 95. 12%. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists are playing an important role in clin-ical treatment. The consultation work can be regulated by the consultation flow chart and registration form with the improved adoption rate and consultation quality.

Objective To investigate the application of vancomycin in elderly inpatients. Methods The clinical data of elderly inpatients(≥60 years ) treated with vancomycin from September 1011 to November 1013 in 5 hospitals including Peking University First Hospital,Beijing Hospital,Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University,and Chinese PLA General Hospital were collected. All patients were divided into normal renal function group and renal insufficiency group. The application( dosage regimen,drug utilization situation,and therapeutic drug monitoring ) and clinical efficacy of vancomycin and its effects on renal function in elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed. Drug utilization index( DUI)reflected the drug utilization situation. And parameters of renal function included serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine clearance rate(Ccr). Results A total of 149 patients were enrolled in this study comprising 60 males and 89 females with age of 60-91(76 ± 7)years. There were 87 cases in the normal renal function group and 61 cases in renal insufficiency group. The most widely used regimen of application of vancomycin was 0. 50 g once every 11 hours in the normal renal function group(19/87,33. 33%)and 0. 50 g once daily in the renal insufficiency group(30/61, 48. 39%). The total dosage and time of using vancomycin were respectively 1 135. 15 g and 1 919. 5 d. And the DUI was 0. 56. Among the 149 patients,111 cases(74. 50%)underwent blood concentration monitoring and there were no statistically significant differences in constituent ratio of undergoing blood concentration monitoring between the normal renal function group and the renal insufficiency group[70. 11%(61/87)vs. 80. 65%(50/61),χ1 =1. 11,P=0. 15]. In all patients undergoing blood concentration monitoring,trough concentration was detected and in 7 patients peak concentration was detected. The number of cases whose trough concentrations ﹤10 mg/L was 30(49. 18%)and 15 cases(50. 00%)in the normal renal function group and the renal insufficiency group,respectively,and there were no statistically significant differences (χ1 =1. 16,P =0. 54 ). The differences between before and after administration of vancomycin in Scr [(117 ± 79)μmol/L vs.(119 ± 81)μmol/L],BUN[(10. 5 ± 5. 7)mmol/L vs.(11. 5 ± 8. 0)mmol/L], and Ccr[(69 ± 37)ml/min vs.(67 ± 36)ml/min]in all the 149 patients were not statistically significant (all P﹥0. 05). The differences between before and after administration of vancomycin in Scr[(59 ± 16)μmol vs.(70 ± 30)μmol/L,(189 ± 110)μmol/L vs.(103 ± 113)μmol/L],BUN[(7. 4 ± 3. 5)mmol/L vs.(9. 1 ± 5. 8)mmol/L,(14. 8 ± 6. 5)mmol/L vs.(17. 4 ± 9. 0)mmol/L],and Ccr[(107 ± 19)ml/min vs.(96 ± 16)ml/min,(44 ± 30)ml/min vs.(33 ± 16)ml/min]in the normal renal function group and the renal insufficiency group were not statistically significant(all P﹥0. 05). Conclusions The use of vancomycin in elderly inpatients was relatively cautious. Dosage regimen should be adjusted timely according to the results of blood concentration and renal function tests and individualized administration should be adopted in order that the efficacy and safety could be improved.

Objective To investigate the application of vancomycin in elderly inpatients. Methods The clinical data of elderly inpatients(≥60 years ) treated with vancomycin from September 1011 to November 1013 in 5 hospitals including Peking University First Hospital,Beijing Hospital,Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University,and Chinese PLA General Hospital were collected. All patients were divided into normal renal function group and renal insufficiency group. The application( dosage regimen,drug utilization situation,and therapeutic drug monitoring ) and clinical efficacy of vancomycin and its effects on renal function in elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed. Drug utilization index( DUI)reflected the drug utilization situation. And parameters of renal function included serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine clearance rate(Ccr). Results A total of 149 patients were enrolled in this study comprising 60 males and 89 females with age of 60-91(76 ± 7)years. There were 87 cases in the normal renal function group and 61 cases in renal insufficiency group. The most widely used regimen of application of vancomycin was 0. 50 g once every 11 hours in the normal renal function group(19/87,33. 33%)and 0. 50 g once daily in the renal insufficiency group(30/61, 48. 39%). The total dosage and time of using vancomycin were respectively 1 135. 15 g and 1 919. 5 d. And the DUI was 0. 56. Among the 149 patients,111 cases(74. 50%)underwent blood concentration monitoring and there were no statistically significant differences in constituent ratio of undergoing blood concentration monitoring between the normal renal function group and the renal insufficiency group[70. 11%(61/87)vs. 80. 65%(50/61),χ1 =1. 11,P=0. 15]. In all patients undergoing blood concentration monitoring,trough concentration was detected and in 7 patients peak concentration was detected. The number of cases whose trough concentrations ﹤10 mg/L was 30(49. 18%)and 15 cases(50. 00%)in the normal renal function group and the renal insufficiency group,respectively,and there were no statistically significant differences (χ1 =1. 16,P =0. 54 ). The differences between before and after administration of vancomycin in Scr [(117 ± 79)μmol/L vs.(119 ± 81)μmol/L],BUN[(10. 5 ± 5. 7)mmol/L vs.(11. 5 ± 8. 0)mmol/L], and Ccr[(69 ± 37)ml/min vs.(67 ± 36)ml/min]in all the 149 patients were not statistically significant (all P﹥0. 05). The differences between before and after administration of vancomycin in Scr[(59 ± 16)μmol vs.(70 ± 30)μmol/L,(189 ± 110)μmol/L vs.(103 ± 113)μmol/L],BUN[(7. 4 ± 3. 5)mmol/L vs.(9. 1 ± 5. 8)mmol/L,(14. 8 ± 6. 5)mmol/L vs.(17. 4 ± 9. 0)mmol/L],and Ccr[(107 ± 19)ml/min vs.(96 ± 16)ml/min,(44 ± 30)ml/min vs.(33 ± 16)ml/min]in the normal renal function group and the renal insufficiency group were not statistically significant(all P﹥0. 05). Conclusions The use of vancomycin in elderly inpatients was relatively cautious. Dosage regimen should be adjusted timely according to the results of blood concentration and renal function tests and individualized administration should be adopted in order that the efficacy and safety could be improved.

Objective To investigate the effects of alcohol on hippocampal apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and caspase-3 expression in cercbral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.Methods Sixty-eight healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (n =4) and a saline control group as well as low-dose (1.0 g/kg),medium-dose (1.5 g/kg) and high-dose (2.0 g/kg) ethanol groups.The saline control group and each dose alcohol group were redivided into ischemia/reperfusion 0,1,2 and 3 h subgroups according to the intervention time points (n =4 in each group).A model of middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion in rats was induced by the suture method.The corresponding doses of ethanol or an equal volume of saline were injected intraperitoneally at ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 0,1,2 and 3 h in the alcohol groups and the saline control group.At ischemia for 2 hand reperfusion for 24 h,the neurological deficit in rats was evaluated by using behavioral score.Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expressions of AIF and caspase3 in the hippocampus of ischemic sides at ischemia for 2 hand reperfusion for 24 h.Results The behavior evaluation showed that the neurological deficit score was 0 in the sham operation group.The neurological deficit scores in the different dose ethanol groups were significantly lower than those in the saline control group at the same intervention time points (all P=0.000),and there were significant differences between the same intervention time points in the different dose ethanol groups (all P =0.000).The high-dose ethanol group was the lowest.There were no significant differences between the different intervention time points in the same dose ethanol groups (all P＞0.05).Immunohistochemistry revealed that the numbers of positive cells of AIF and caspase-3 in the sham operation group were 17.21 ±2.86 and 20.60 ±4.39,respectively,and they were significantly less than those in the saline control group and the each dose ethanol group at ischemia/reperfusion 0 h (all P =0.000); the number of positive cells of hippocampal AIF and caspase-3 in the different dose ethanol groups were all significantly less than those in the saline control group at the same intervention time points (all P =0.000).There were significant differences between the same intervention time points in the different dose ethanol groups (all P =0.000),and the high-does ethanol group was the lowest.There were no significant differences between the different intervention time points in the same dose ethanol groups (all P =0.000).Conclusions Alcohol has protective effect on the cerebral tissue in ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of AIF and caspase-3 expression.

BACKGROUND: It is found reported that polymorphism of Fok 1 restriction endonuclease cut site on exon 2 of 5' end start codon of 5' end start codon (SC), which affected the structure of VDR amino acids,and was relative related to bone mineral density(BMD).OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between Vitamin D receptor gene (Fok 1) polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the elderly men.DESIGN: case-controlled trialstudy.SETTING: Institute of Gerontology, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Endocrinology,Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 26 elderly men with osteoporosis at out-patients clinic of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Endocrinology,Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2002 to June 2002 were selected involved as osteoporosis case group,with and the average age of was (70±5) years, and BMD in osteoporosis group was 2.0-2.5 SD lower than 2.0-2.5 SD of the peak of BMD. Totally 66 healthy men with average age of (70±5)years were selected as control group during at the same time. All the subjects signed the informed consent,who were Beijing inhabitants of Han nationality, and there was no blood relationship among them.METHODS:VDR-Fok1 genotypes in both groups were detected with by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),and distributiondistribution of VDR-Fok 1 genotypes were analyzedanalyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: distribution Distribution of VDR-Fok1genotypes in both each groups.RESULTS: Totally 66 healthy elderly men and 26 elderly men with osteoporosis entered analysis of results. The frequencies of FF, Ff and ff genotype were found to be 42%, 42% and 15% in control group, and 15%,50%,35% in osteoporosis group, respectively,and there was significantly different between two groups(x2=12.078,P ＜ 0.01).Frequency of allele were significantly different between control group and osteoporosis group (64%,36% vs 40%,60%, x2=8.232,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the frequency distrinution of VDR gene start codon polymorphism between healthy elderly men and those with osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the expression of CD14 and TLR4 ( Toll like receptor - 4) in peripheral blood monocytes during the different stage of cancer patients. Methods The expression of TLR4 and CD14 on peripheral blood monocytes was determined by flow cytometry in 50 healthy control group and 80 patients with malignant tumor who were divided into stable group and advanced group according to the change of the size of tumor measured by image and/or the outcome of tumor makers. Results No significant difference was found in the expression level of CD14 between the different stage of malignant tumor ( stable group and advanced group) and healthy controls [ (6. 1600% ? 2. 32217% ,5. 8629% ? 1. 91896% ) vs (5. 5580% ? 1. 42272% ) ]. The expression of TLR4 in stable group had no significant difference as compared with control group [ ( 10. 4444 ? 3. 16225 ) % vs (8. 8780 ? 5. 24612) % ]. The expression of TLR4 in advanced group was significantly higher than that in controls and stable group [ ( 14. 7286 ? 6. 95213 ) % vs ( (8. 8780 ? 5. 24612) % , ( 10. 4444 ? 3. 16225) % ) (P