ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Sangpi Zhike prescription in treating cough after respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） infection through the "lung-intestine co-treatment" approach using network pharmacology and animal experimental validation. MethodsActive ingredients and targets of Sangpi Zhike prescription were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology （TCMSP） database. Disease targets were obtained from GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） databases. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） networks and drug-component-target networks were constructed using overlapping targets between drugs and diseases to identify core targets. Gene ontology（GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the overlapping targets. Sixty mouse models were established： 10 as the normal group， and the remaining mice were infected with RSV via slow nasal drip of RSV suspension， with cough induced using capsaicin solution. After modeling， mice were divided into a model group， a Montelukast Sodium group （1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low， medium， and high dose groups of Sangpi Zhike prescription （4.875，9.75，and 19.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 10 mice per group. From day 14 after RSV infection， the normal and model groups received saline via gavage， while other groups received corresponding drug treatments once daily for 5 d. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung and intestinal tissue. The protein content of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） and phosphorylated （p）-ERK1/2 in the lung and colon tissue of mice was detected by Western blot. Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） detected ERK1/2 mRNA expression in lung and intestinal tissue. Immunohistochemistry assessed p-MEK1/2， p-ERK1/2， p-c-Fos protein levels， and inflammatory cytokines interleukin（IL）-4 and （TNF）-α in lung and colon tissue. ResultsNetwork pharmacology identified 184 active ingredients and 684 targets in Sangpi Zhike prescription， with 1 344 RSV-related disease targets and 209 overlapping targets. Core targets included TNF， Fos， and Jun. KEGG enrichment revealed 179 pathways， primarily mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK）， cancer， TNF， and IL-17 signaling pathways. Animal experiments showed that， compared to those of the normal group， the lung tissue sections of the model group showed typical inflammatory damage， infiltration of inflammatory cells， rupture of alveolar septa， extensive alveolar fusion， and disruption of tight junctions between single-layer columnar epithelial cells in the intestinal tissue. The values of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 in lung and intestinal tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expression level of ERK1/2 mRNA was significantly elevated （P<0.01）. The levels of ERK1/2， p-MEK1/2， p-ERK1/2， p-c-Fos， IL-4， and TNF-α along the ERK pathway were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared to the model group， Sangpi Zhike prescription groups showed reduced lung and intestinal inflammation， decreased p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 ratios （P<0.05，P<0.01）， lower ERK1/2 mRNA levels， and downregulated ERK pathway proteins （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionSangpi Zhike prescription alleviates cough and intestinal symptoms after RSV infection via the "lung-intestine co-treatment" mechanism by suppressing expression levels of ERK1/2， p-MEK1/2， p-ERK1/2， p-c-Fos， IL-4， and TNF-α on ERK pathway components， thereby mitigating lung and intestinal pathological damage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of simvastatin pretreatment on kidney ischemia reperfusion injury （IRI） in mice. MethodsFifteen male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into three groups： Sham operation group （Sham group）， kidney IRI group （IR group）， and simvastatin pretreatment+kidney IRI group （SIM group）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining of kidney tissue and detection of serum creatinine （SCr） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） were used to evaluate kidney injury. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， reduced glutathione （GSH）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） were detected to evaluate oxidative stress. The contents of ferrous iron （Fe²⁺） and ferric iron （Fe³⁺） in kidney tissue were detected， and the morphological changes of mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope. The relative expression levels of Kruppel-like factor 2 （KLF2）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and acyl-coa synthetase long chain family member 4 （ACSL4） protein in kidney tissue were detected. ResultsCompared with the IR group， the SIM group had significantly reduced renal tubular injury and decreased contents of Scr and LDH in serum （P < 0.001）. It also showed increased expression of SOD and GSH and decreased expression of MDA and ROS （P < 0.01）. Simvastatin pretreatment reduced the contents of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in the tissues （P < 0.01） and alleviated mitochondrial damage. It also promoted the expression of KLF2 （P < 0.01）， up-regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related protective proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11， and down-regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related damage protein ACSL4 （P < 0.05）. ConclusionSimvastatin pretreatment may inhibit kidney ferroptosis by promoting the expression of KLF2 to alleviate kidney IRI.

Atherosclerotic plaques arise within the vessels， yet their morphological evolution parallels that of carbuncles and abscesses. Drawing on the pathomechanism progression of carbuncles and abscesses， this paper proposes a dynamic pathogenesis model of "constraint-putrefaction-ulceration" for atherosclerotic plaques. The formation of atherosclerotic plaque begins with phlegm-turbidity obstruction and qi-blood stagnation （constraint stage）； prolonged constraint transforms into heat that scorches the vessels and forms plaques （putrefaction stage）； ultimately， toxin invades inward and ruptures the vessels， injuring the heart （ulceration stage）. Accordingly， staged differentiation and treatments are proposed. During the constraint stage， the focus is venting constraint and unblocking collaterals， clearing and relieving constraint-heat， for which Yue Jyu Pills （越鞠丸） and Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder （丹栀逍遥散） with modifications can be used. During the putrefaction stage， the method is clearing heat and dispelling abscesses， resolving stasis and dissipating knot， with modified Wuwei Xiaodu Beverage （五味消毒饮） and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction （血府逐瘀汤）. During the ulceration stage， it is suggested to expell toxin and stasis， benefit qi and nourish yin using modified Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction （瓜蒌薤白半夏汤） and Sheng Mai Powder （生脉散）. This framework offers new perspectives for the differentiation and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques in traditional Chinese medicine.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, characterized by poor prognosis due to its high proliferative and invasive potential. Tumor metabolic reprogramming, particularly involving glucose metabolism, is essential for tumor survival. This study investigates the role of the Hippo pathway effector transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in regulating gluconeogenesis and promoting tumorigenesis in HCC. Methods: TAZ expression in HCC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and validated in clinical samples and cell lines. TAZ was overexpressed or silenced in HCC cell lines to evaluate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The expression and prognostic relevance of the gluconeogenesis-related genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) were examined, along with their correlation with TAZ expression. Tumor growth was assessed in nude mice. Interactions between TAZ and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were investigated using co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results: TAZ was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. TAZ overexpression enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and promoted migration and invasion. In contrast, PCK1 and G6PC were downregulated in HCC and showed a negative correlation with TAZ expression. Conclusion TAZ modulates gluconeogenesis and accelerates tumor growth, whereas its knockdown attenuates tumor progression. TAZ interacts with GR, suppressing its transcriptional activity on gluconeogenic gene promoters.

Based on the physiological characteristics of children and the theory of the "five spirit-associated zang （脏） organs"， this paper proposes that the core pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） in children is the dysfunction of mental activities caused by impaired qi circulation of the five zang organs. Therefore， the therapeutic principle is to regulate qi of the five zang organs and restore normal mental function. Treatment is administered based on syndrome differentiation according to the five zang organs， including heart， spleen， kidney， liver and lung. Accordingly， self-made Qingshen Yangxin Decoction （清神养心汤） is prescribed to invigorate the heart and regulate spirit， Shunzhi Daotan Decoction （顺志导痰汤） to awaken spleen and regulate spirit， Zishen Shenjiao Decoction （滋肾神交汤） to nourish kidney and regulate spirit， Anhun Wendan Decoction （安魂温胆汤） to soothe liver and regulate spirit， and Qingpo Decoction （清魄汤） to diffuse lung and regulate spirit. This approach aims to provide a theoretical and clinical reference for the treatment of childhood ASD in traditional Chinese medicine.

To explore the clinical significance of decreased serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels in patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).

Interferon （IFN） is a type of cytokine with broad-spectrum antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Its traditional administration routes， including intravenous injection and topical application， impose certain limitations on clinical practice. In recent years， nebulized inhalation of IFN has offered a local antiviral pathway for viral respiratory infection. This review showed that nebulized inhalation of IFN can act directly on the respiratory tract， exerting broad-spectrum antiviral and immunomodulatory effects locally with minimal systemic drug exposure. Available clinical evidence suggested that nebulized inhalation of IFN yields certain therapeutic effects and acceptable safety in infants and young children with bronchiolitis， viral pneumonia and other related diseases. Local irritant reactions were common， while systemic adverse reactions were significantly fewer than injection administration. Nevertheless， high-quality evidence-based evidence was insufficient and dosing regimens had not been standardized. Currently， nebulized inhalation of IFN is mostly an off-label use. Its clinical application must strictly comply with regulatory requirements， with adequate informed consent and institutional approval. High-quality clinical trials and prospective real-world registry studies should be conducted in the future to unify dosing regimens and standardize clinical practice.

[Objective] To investigate the factors influencing the detection of HLA-C expression by flow cytometry. [Methods] A total of 12 hematopoietic stem cell suspension samples from peripheral hematopoietic stem cell volunteer donors were randomly collected after CD34⁺ cell counting detection. The influence of detecting different number of nucleated cell (500 000, 50 000 and 5 000), sequential order of red blood cell lysis and antibody incubation, and the HLA-C antibody with varied remaining time from the expiration date on the detection results of HLA-C expression by flow cytometry were investigated, respectively. The significance of differences between different groups was analyzed through Student t test. [Results] There was no significant difference in the proportion of HLA-C positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) among the three groups with different nucleated cell numbers detected (500 000, 50 000 and 5 000) (P>0.05). The sequential order of red blood cell lysis and antibody incubation had no influence on the proportion of HLA-C positive cells (P>0.05), but HLA-C MFI value was significantly lower when antibody incubation was performed after red blood cell lysis than that when antibody incubation was performed before red blood cell lysis (P<0.05). The proportion of HLA-C positive cells and MFI value detected by HLA-C antibody remaining 24 months from the expiration date were significantly higher than those detected by HLA-C antibody remaining only 5 months from the expiration date (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The present study has investigated the factors of influencing HLA-C expression level by flow cytometry, the results have important reference and application value for standardizing the experimental operation of HLA-C expression and improving the accuracy and comparability of detection results.

Objective To analyze the possible mechanism and drug treatment plan of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injection, point out medication risks and provide reference for medical treatment and pharmaceutical care of such patients. Methods The abnormal lung conditions of a patient treated with human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injection was found by clinical pharmacists, who participated in clinical diagnosis and treatment by analyzing of adverse drug reactions, optimization of medical treatment and pharmaceutical care. Results Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was likely an adverse drug reaction caused by human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injection. The physician discontinued the medication immediately and provided treatment such as oxygen inhalation, high-dose hormone shock, plasma exchange, etc. The patient’s oxygen saturation was improved, alveolar bleeding was decreased, and the condition was improved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists participate in patients’ medication treatment, carry out pharmaceutical guardianship, and assist physicians in adjusting treatment plans, which could contribute to the effectiveness and safety of patient treatment.

Objective:To prepare a polyvinyl butyral(PVB)nanofiber membrane loaded with propolis,and to clarify its physicochemical properties,drug release behavior,antibacterial activity,and biocompatibility.Methods:Propolis with a mass fraction of 0.12％was dissolved in 18％(mass fraction)PVB methanol solution.PVB and PVB-propolis(PVB-P)nanofiber membranes were prepared using electrospinning from PVB and PVB-P solutions,respectively.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to observe the microscopic morphology of PVB-P nanofibers,and the Nano Measurer software was used to analyze the fiber diameter distribution.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)was used to analyze the chemical composition of PVB-P.Water contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity of PVB-P.UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the cumulative release of propolis at different time points.PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Candida albicans(C.albicans),Salmonella,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)and divided into PVB group and PVB-P group.The absorbance method was used to calculate the antibacterial values of PVB and PVB-P against the five types of bacteria.The NIH-3T3 cells were seeded on PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes and divided into PVB group and PVB-P group.The CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rates of NIH-3T3 cells on the nanofiber membranes in PVB group and PVB-P group at 1,3,and 7 d.Results:The SEM results showed that PVB and PVB-P nanofibers were interconnected in a mesh-like porous structure,with uniform thickness and no beads.The Nano Measurer software measurement results showed that the diameter of PVB nanofibers was(0.50±0.10)μm,and the diameter of PVB-P nanofibers was(0.54±0.16)μm.FTIR analysis showed that PVB-P nanofiber membranes exhibited characteristic peaks of PVB(1 140 and 1 002 cm-1)and propolis(1 161 cm-1).The water contact angle measurement results showed that the contact angle of PVB membrane was(144.26°±2.90°)and that of PVB-P membrane was(128.13°±1.36°).The UV spectrophotometer results showed that the cumulative release of propolis was 0.04 mg at 1d,0.07 mg at 3 d,and reached a steady state of 0.79 mg at 7 d.The absorbance method results showed that the antibacterial values of PVB-P nanofiber membranes against S.aureus,E.coli,C.albicans,Salmonella,and P.aeruginosa were 4.39,1.27,5.68,3.16,and 1.87,respectively.The CCK-8 method results showed that the survival rates of NIH-3T3 cells on PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes was＞90％at 1,3,and 7 d,and there were no significant differences between various groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The diameter of PVB nanofiber membranes loaded with propolis is increased,and these membranes exhibit antibacterial effects against S.aureus and C.albicans,while also achieving sustained release of propolis.