ObjectiveTo construct a scale for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） with turbid toxin accumulating in the stomach. MethodsFirst， a research group was established to construct the scale framework. Relevant literature of CAG with syndrome of turbid toxin accumulating in the stomach was searched in CNKI， Wanfang Database （WF）， and VIP Database （CQVIP） from April 1， 2003 to April 1， 2023， and items were preliminarily selected after standardization of terms. Through clinical investigation， the discrete trend method， correlation coefficient method， Cronbach's coefficient method， and factor analysis method were used to screen symptom items， and the frequency method was used to screen signs， tongue coating， and pulse conditions. Three rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted to determine the items of the scale. The weight of each item was obtained by the analytic hierarchy process. ResultsA total of 49 articles were included， and 45 items were obtained after primary screening， including 28 symptoms， 2 signs， 10 tongue coatings， and 5 pulse conditions. After clinical investigation， 15 symptoms were retained， and 8 signs and pulse conditions of tongue coating were retained. The positive coefficients of experts in three rounds of Delphi expert consultation were 100%， 96.67%， and 100%， respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.86， 0.87， and 0.87， respectively， and the coordination coefficients were 0.18， 0.25， and 0.30. After core group discussion， Delphi method investigation， and AHP weight assignment， the diagnostic scale items of CAG with turbid toxin accumulating in stomach syndrome were finally established， namely， dark red or purplish tongue proper with yellow greasy （or dry） coating （30 points）， epigastric stuffiness and fullness or pain （15 points）， sticky and unsmooth defecation （10 points）， taste disturbance （sticky mouth， fetid breath， bitter taste， 7 points）， heartburn or acid regurgitation （6 points）， dizziness and clouding （5 points）， general heaviness and fatigue （5 points）， slippery， string‑slippery， or slippery‑rapid pulse （5 points）， dysuria （or yellow or deep yellow urine， 4 points）， poor appetite （4 points）， dull complexion （3 points）， sticky， greasy， and fetid secretions （3 points）， and poor sleep （3 points）. ConclusionBased on the establishment， screening， confirmation， and weighting of an item pool， combined with subjective and objective approaches as well as qualitative and quantitative methods， a diagnostic scale for CAG with the syndrome of turbid toxin accumulating in the stomach was successfully constructed.

Objective: To understand the association of physical exercise willingness and insomnia with depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide reference for improving depressive symptoms of college students. Methods: From October 2022 to April 2023, cluster sampling was used to recruit 11 101 college students from four colleges in Anhui Province. The questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the willingness to engage in physical exercise, insomnia and depressive symptoms of college students. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of physical exercise willingness and insomnia with depressive symptoms of college students. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students was 9.24%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who were passive participants/non participants in physical activity, or who experienced insomnia, had a higher likelihood of depressive symptoms compared to those who were active participants or did not experience insomnia ( OR =1.84, 2.07, 4.02, all P <0.01). College students who were passive participants or non participants in physical activity and concurrently experienced insomnia had a higher risk of depressive symptoms compared with those who were active participants or did not experience insomnia ( OR =1.87-8.39, all P <0.01). Gender stratified analysis showed that the combined effect of passive physical exercise and insomnia increased the risk of depressive symptoms in both male ( OR = 1.81 -9.87) and female college students ( OR =1.67-7.39) (all P <0.05). Conclusions Both physical exercise willingness and insomnia are associated with depressive symptoms in college students. In order to improve the depressive symptoms of college students, it is necessary to improve the enthusiasm of physical exercise and strengthen the education of sleep health awareness.

Objective To investigate the effects of STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1(STUB1)on the ubiquitination of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and ferroptosis in colon cancer cells HCT116,as well as the impact on CD8+T cell-mediated killing of HCT116 cells.Methods HCT116 cells were divided into control group,empty plasmid transfection(pcDNA3.1-vector)group,STUB1 overexpression plasmid transfection(pcDNA3.1-STUB1)group,and co-transfection(pcDNA3.1-STUB1+pcDNA3.1-GPX4)group.Cell proliferation ability was assessed by CCK-8 assay.Clonogenic ability was determined by clone formation assay.Malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in cells were measured using an MDA kit.Intracellular ferrous ion(Fe2+)levels were detected with an Fe2+probe.Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using JC-1 dye.Protein expression levels of STUB1,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),and GPX4 were determined by western blot.The binding between STUB1 and GPX4 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation.The effect of STUB1 on GPX4 protein ubiquitination was detected using a ubiquitin antibody.HCT116 cells transfected with different plasmids were co-cultured with human peripheral blood CD8+T cells,and the killing ability of CD8+T cells against HCT116 cells was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit.Perforin,granzyme,and interferon-γ levels in the co-culture supernatant were determined by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group showed decreased cell proliferation ability,mitochondrial membrane potential,and protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4,along with increased STUB1 protein expression,MDA,Fe2+levels,and GPX4 ubiquitination in HCT116 cells.Compared with the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1+pcDNA3.1-GPX4 group exhibited increased cell proliferation ability,mitochondrial membrane potential,and expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4,along with decreased MDA and Fe2+levels in HCT116 cells.After co-culture of HCT116 cells with CD8+T cells,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group showed significantly increased killing rate of CD8+T cells against HCT116 cells,as well as elevated levels of perforin,granzyme,and interferon-γ in the co-culture supernatant compared with the control group.Compared with the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1+pcDNA3.1-GPX4 group exhibited decreased killing rate of CD8+T cells against HCT116 cells and reduced levels of perforin,granzyme,and interferon-γ in the co-culture supernatant.Conclusion Overexpression of STUB1 promotes GPX4 ubiquitination in colon cancer cells HCT116,induces ferroptosis,and enhances the killing effect of CD8+T cells on HCT116 cells.

Objective:To investigate the effect of intradialytic cerebral blood flow (CBF) fluctuation on cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:It was a prospective cohort study. MHD patients aged ≥50 years from Beijing Shijitan Hospital were enrolled from January 2023 to June 2023. Middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MFV) was serially monitored via transcranial Doppler (TCD) during dialysis sessions. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after 12-month follow-up using standardized neuropsychological tests: montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), auditory verbal learning test (AVLT 5), complex figure test (CFT), trail making test-B (TMT-B), Stroop color and word test (SCWT), and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). ΔMFV was calculated as pre-to-post dialysis MFV difference. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the association of ΔMFV and cognition.Results:A total of 121 MHD patients were recruited with an age of (63.63±8.44) years. There were 97 males (80.2%), and the dialysis vintage was (55.08±54.73) months. Significant intradialytic MFV reductions were observed ( P<0.05). At 12 months, cognitive decline manifested in global cognition (MoCA), memory (CFT-memory), executive function (TMT-B, SCWT-C, SCWT-T), attention (SDMT), visuospatial ability (CFT-copy)(all P<0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed ΔMFV independently predicted declines in: MoCA ( B=0.066, 95% CI 0.018-0.113, P=0.007), AVLT5 ( B=0.050, 95% CI 0.004-0.097, P=0.035), TMT-B ( B=-1.955, 95% CI -3.453--0.457, P=0.011), SCWT-C ( B=0.298, 95% CI 0.112-0.484, P=0.002), SCWT-T ( B=-1.371, 95% CI -2.303--0.439, P=0.004). Conclusions:Hemodialysis induces acute CBF reductions detectable by TCD. Cumulative intradialytic CBF fluctuations may accelerate cognitive deterioration in middle-aged and elderly MHD populations, particularly affecting memory and executive domains.

Objective To investigate the effects of STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1(STUB1)on the ubiquitination of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and ferroptosis in colon cancer cells HCT116,as well as the impact on CD8+T cell-mediated killing of HCT116 cells.Methods HCT116 cells were divided into control group,empty plasmid transfection(pcDNA3.1-vector)group,STUB1 overexpression plasmid transfection(pcDNA3.1-STUB1)group,and co-transfection(pcDNA3.1-STUB1+pcDNA3.1-GPX4)group.Cell proliferation ability was assessed by CCK-8 assay.Clonogenic ability was determined by clone formation assay.Malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in cells were measured using an MDA kit.Intracellular ferrous ion(Fe2+)levels were detected with an Fe2+probe.Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using JC-1 dye.Protein expression levels of STUB1,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),and GPX4 were determined by western blot.The binding between STUB1 and GPX4 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation.The effect of STUB1 on GPX4 protein ubiquitination was detected using a ubiquitin antibody.HCT116 cells transfected with different plasmids were co-cultured with human peripheral blood CD8+T cells,and the killing ability of CD8+T cells against HCT116 cells was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit.Perforin,granzyme,and interferon-γ levels in the co-culture supernatant were determined by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group showed decreased cell proliferation ability,mitochondrial membrane potential,and protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4,along with increased STUB1 protein expression,MDA,Fe2+levels,and GPX4 ubiquitination in HCT116 cells.Compared with the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1+pcDNA3.1-GPX4 group exhibited increased cell proliferation ability,mitochondrial membrane potential,and expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4,along with decreased MDA and Fe2+levels in HCT116 cells.After co-culture of HCT116 cells with CD8+T cells,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group showed significantly increased killing rate of CD8+T cells against HCT116 cells,as well as elevated levels of perforin,granzyme,and interferon-γ in the co-culture supernatant compared with the control group.Compared with the pcDNA3.1-STUB1 group,the pcDNA3.1-STUB1+pcDNA3.1-GPX4 group exhibited decreased killing rate of CD8+T cells against HCT116 cells and reduced levels of perforin,granzyme,and interferon-γ in the co-culture supernatant.Conclusion Overexpression of STUB1 promotes GPX4 ubiquitination in colon cancer cells HCT116,induces ferroptosis,and enhances the killing effect of CD8+T cells on HCT116 cells.

This study aims to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of smoking behavior among adult twins in the China Twin Registry (CNTR), as well as the concordance rates for smoking behavior in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and estimate the heritability. The study population included adult twins in CNTR who had smoking questionnaire data. A random-effects regression model was used to describe the distribution of smoking behavior among different subgroups based on various characteristics. The concordance of smoking behavior between different zygosity groups was calculated, and heritability was estimated. A total of 28 444 twin pairs were included in this study, with an average age of (36.6±12.0) years. Among male twins, 41.2% were current smokers, while only 1.2% of females smoked. Higher smoking rates were observed among male smokers in the 50-59 age group ( z=23.0, P<0.001), northern regions ( z=2.9, P<0.01), rural areas ( z=-5.2, P<0.001), those who were divorced/widowed ( z=3.8, P<0.001), and first-born twins ( z=-4.3, P<0.001), while lower smoking rates were found in those with higher education ( z=-16.1, P<0.001) and unmarried individuals ( z=-16.0, P<0.001). The smoking concordance rate for male monozygotic twins was 69.6%, significantly higher than the 57.3% concordance rate for dizygotic twins ( χ 2=105.0, P<0.05). The heritability of smoking behavior in male twins was estimated at 28.9% (95% CI: 24.3%-33.4%). Stratified analyses showed differences in heritability across regions and age groups: the heritability in northern regions was 32.6% (95% CI: 27.3%-38.0%), higher than the 21.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-29.5%) observed in southern regions; the highest heritability of 35.1% (95% CI: 26.3%-43.9%) was found in the 18-29 age group, with heritability decreasing with age. In conclusion, the smoking rate and influencing factors in the twin population are similar to those in the general population, with unique characteristics, such as higher smoking rates in first-born twins. Genetic factors have a significant impact on smoking behavior.

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Objective To investigate the effects of different dialysis modalities on hormonal profiles and menstrual disorders in childbearing-age women with uremia.Methods From March 2020 to July 2024,102 childbearing-age women with uremia treated in the Department of Nephrology of Tianmen First People's Hospital were enrolled and divided into hemodialysis group(n=52)and peritoneal dialysis group(n=50),and 50 healthy women undergoing physical examinations were selected as the control group.Sex hormone lev-els and menstrual patterns were compared among three groups at baseline and 6 months post-dialysis.Results Pre-treatment levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),prolactin(PRL),and luteinizing hormone(LH)in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis groups were significantly higher than those in healthy controls,while progesterone(P)levels were lower(P＜0.05).Post-treatment,hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis groups showed decreased FSH and increased LH,PRL,and P compared to baseline(P＜0.05).Estradiol(E2)and P levels in hemodialysis group were slightly lower than those in the peritoneal dialysis group without statistical significance(P＞0.05).No significant intergroup differences existed in FSH,LH,P,or PRL between hemodi-alysis and peritoneal dialysis groups post-treatment(P＞0.05).Menstrual normalization and disorder rates in hemodialysis group were nonsignificantly lower than peritoneal dialysis group(P＞0.05),whereas amenor-rhea incidence was significantly higher in hemodialysis group(P＜0.05).Menstrual resumption rate after a-menorrhea showed no statistical difference between groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis effectively ameliorate hormonal dysregulation in female uremia patients,while peritoneal dialysis demon-strates superior efficacy in improving menstrual disorders.

Objective:To evaluate the treatment strategies and outcomes for contracted nasal deformity.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of the patients with contracted noses who underwent surgery at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, between January 2021 and January 2024. Based on the pathologic-anatomic features and severity of the deformity, patients were categorized as having mild, moderate or severe contraction. Mild cases received extensive subcutaneous dissection and framework reconstruction with various grafts. Moderate cases underwent preoperative nasal-skin distraction and intra-operative reconstruction with lower lateral or septal cartilage. Severe cases, in addition to reconstruction of the lower lateral cartilage and nasal septum, underwent individualized repair, including mucosal or cutaneous defect resurfacing. Postoperative follow-up assessed nasal appearance, complications and recurrence of contraction. Nasal aesthetics were quantified with visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-10 points; higher scores = less deformity), and patient satisfaction with the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire (0 = very dissatisfied, 100 = very satisfied) before surgery and at final follow-up. Paired t-test was used for VAS and ROE comparisons; categorical variables were analyzed with the χ2 test. A P-value < 0.05 denoted statistical significance. Results:A total of 96 patients were included, comprising 7 males and 89 females, aged (27.4 ± 8.0) years (19-58 years). There were 64 cases of mild, 19 cases of moderate, and 13 cases of severe contracted nose deformities. Postoperative follow-up(14.0 ± 4.6) months (6-19 months). No cases of abnormal nasal appearance, infection, necrosis, scar hyperplasia, or recurrence of contracted nose were observed during follow-up. Significant improvements in nasal aesthetic outcomes were observed. The VAS scores for mild, moderate, and severe contracted noses increased significantly from preoperative values of 4.7 ± 1.0, 3.0 ± 1.2, and 2.2± 1.1 to postoperative values of 8.6 ± 0.7, 8.9 ± 0.7, and 8.2 ± 0.9, respectively (all P < 0.01). Similarly, the ROE scores improved significantly from 59.1 ± 10.0, 34.2 ± 12.1, and 28.5± 6.3 preoperatively to 90.2 ± 9.5, 91.5 ± 7.5, and 93.3 ± 5.8 postoperatively (all P < 0.01). Conclusion:Selecting appropriate surgical methods based on the pathological and anatomical characteristics and severity of contracted nose deformities can achieve favorable outcomes. Postoperative nasal aesthetic appearance is significantly improved, and patient satisfaction is high.