This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective To compare and analyze the early- to mid-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of significant aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The data of patients with significant AS and CAD who underwent surgical treatment at Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to July 2023 were collected. These patients were divided into a TAVR+PCI group and a SAVR+CABG group according to the operation method. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to select patients with close clinical baseline characteristics, and the early- to mid-term outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results A total of 272 patients were enrolled, including 208 males and 64 females, with a mean age of (64.16±8.24) years. There were 47 patients in the TAVR+PCI group and 225 patients in the SAVR+CABG group. After 1 : 1 PSM, 32 pairs were selected. There was no statistical difference in baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the SAVR+CABG group, the TAVR+PCI group had significantly shorter operative time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay, and less intraoperative bleeding, and significantly lower postoperative transfusion and complete revascularization rates (P<0.05). The differences in the rates of postoperative in-hospital death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or other complications between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the differences in the rates of moderate-to-severe perivalvular leakage, death, or readmission in the mid-term follow-up were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion In patients with significant AS and CAD, the early- and mid-term rates of death and complications are similar between those treated with TAVR+PCI and SAVR+CABG, and TAVR+PCI is a safe alternative to SAVR+CABG.

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

OBJECTIVE To detect the common pathogens for the patients with eczematous dermatitis and analyze associations between the pathogens and the clinical stages.METHODS A total of 206 patients with eczematous der-matitis who were treated in Jinhua Central Hospital from Jan.2014 to Jan.2024 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the secondary skin lesion group with 92 cases and the non-secondary skin lesion group with 114 cases according to the characteristics of the lesions.Meanwhile,the people who received physical examination and had no history of eczematous dermatitis were chosen as the control group with 91 cases.The distribution and den-sity of the common pathogens were compared among the three groups and among the patients with different clini-cal stages(the acute stage,the subacute stage and the chronic stage)of eczematous dermatitis.The scores of skin lesion were compared among the patients.RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia were dominant among the isolated pathogens;both the positive rates of pathogens and the densities of pathogens,from the high to the low,were as follows:the secondary skin lesion group＞the non-secondary skin lesion group＞the control group(P＜0.05).The isolation rate of S.aureus of the secondary skin lesion group and the non-secondary skin lesion group were higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05);the isolation rate of Malassezia of the secondary skin lesion group was higher than that of the non-secondary skin lesion group(P＜0.05).The score of skin lesion of the patients detected positive for pathogens was higher than that of the patients detected negative(P＜0.05).Among the patients detected positive for pathogens,the score of skin lesion of the a-cute stage patients was higher than that of the subacute stage patients and the chronic stage patients(P＜0.05);the isolation rates of S.aureus and Malassezia and the density of pathogens of the acute stage patients were higher than those of the chronic stage patients(P＜0.05),and the density of pathogens of the subacute stage patients was higher than that of the chronic stage patients(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS S.aureus,S.epidermidis and Malassezia are the common pathogens isolated from the patients with eczematous dermatitis.The positive rates and densities of pathogens are higher among the patients with secondary skin lesions,and the infections with the pathogens are associated with the severity of skin lesion and the clinical stage.

OBJECTIVE To detect the common pathogens for the patients with eczematous dermatitis and analyze associations between the pathogens and the clinical stages.METHODS A total of 206 patients with eczematous der-matitis who were treated in Jinhua Central Hospital from Jan.2014 to Jan.2024 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the secondary skin lesion group with 92 cases and the non-secondary skin lesion group with 114 cases according to the characteristics of the lesions.Meanwhile,the people who received physical examination and had no history of eczematous dermatitis were chosen as the control group with 91 cases.The distribution and den-sity of the common pathogens were compared among the three groups and among the patients with different clini-cal stages(the acute stage,the subacute stage and the chronic stage)of eczematous dermatitis.The scores of skin lesion were compared among the patients.RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia were dominant among the isolated pathogens;both the positive rates of pathogens and the densities of pathogens,from the high to the low,were as follows:the secondary skin lesion group＞the non-secondary skin lesion group＞the control group(P＜0.05).The isolation rate of S.aureus of the secondary skin lesion group and the non-secondary skin lesion group were higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05);the isolation rate of Malassezia of the secondary skin lesion group was higher than that of the non-secondary skin lesion group(P＜0.05).The score of skin lesion of the patients detected positive for pathogens was higher than that of the patients detected negative(P＜0.05).Among the patients detected positive for pathogens,the score of skin lesion of the a-cute stage patients was higher than that of the subacute stage patients and the chronic stage patients(P＜0.05);the isolation rates of S.aureus and Malassezia and the density of pathogens of the acute stage patients were higher than those of the chronic stage patients(P＜0.05),and the density of pathogens of the subacute stage patients was higher than that of the chronic stage patients(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS S.aureus,S.epidermidis and Malassezia are the common pathogens isolated from the patients with eczematous dermatitis.The positive rates and densities of pathogens are higher among the patients with secondary skin lesions,and the infections with the pathogens are associated with the severity of skin lesion and the clinical stage.

Abstract Brain Breaks is a physical activity program that combines cultural classroom based physical activity with modern technology while providing children with multi level guidance. As an intervention for intermittent sedentary activities, Brain Breaks can improve students physical activity level, thereby improving their physical fitness and positively affecting their motivation to participate in physical activities and positive learning behaviors. The paper understands this intervention from the connotation, implementation basis, and application effect of Brain Breaks, and then proposes practical application suggestions and future research directions.When Brain Breaks in the cultural classroom is promoted and practiced in China in the future, attention should be paid to the means of implementation by the teachers, the selection of representative target groups, and the precise implementation plan.At the research level, the effects of motor skills, special group interventions, gender differences, environmental changes, and physiological mechanisms of the Brain Breaks are to be explored.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between perceived risk of complications of hypertension and medication adherence among patients with known hypertension. Methods Data were collected using a structured administrative questionnaire that mainly included information on basic demographic information, smoking history, access to healthcare services, duration of antihypertensive treatment, number of concurrent medications, and their perceived risk of complications related to hypertension. Morisk Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to measure the patients' antihypertensive medication adherence, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors related to adherence. Results Nearly half (48.8%) of the participants had uncontrolled hypertension, and more than one fifth (22.3%) of the patients had high adherence to antihypertensive medication. Independent factors highly associated with antihypertensive medication adherence were higher education level (OR:1.71, 95% CI: 1.06-2.75), never smoking (OR: 1.62 , 95% CI: 1.06-2.46), easy access to health care (OR: 1.91, 95% CI : 1.10-3.35), lower average treatment duration (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99), and higher perceived risk of hypertension-related complications (OR: 2.34 , 95% CI: 1.52-3.60). Conclusion High perceived risk of hypertension-related complications is significantly correlated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment.

Objective This study aims to investigate the influence of glucose regulated protein(GRP)78 on osteo-blast differentiation in periodontal ligament fibroblasts(PDLFs)under cyclic mechanical stretch and determine the under-lying mechanism.Methods FlexCell 5000 cell mechani-cal device was applied to simulate the stress environment of orthodontic teeth.GRP78High and GRP78Low sub-population were obtained by flow sorting.Gene transfec-tion was performed to knockdown GRP78 and c-Src ex-pression and overexpress c-Src.Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of Runt-related gene 2(RUNX2),Osterix,osteocalcin(OCN),and osteopontin(OPN).Immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the interaction of GRP78 with c-Src.The formation of cellular mineralized nodules was determined by alizarin red staining.Results GRP78 was heterogeneously expressed in PDLFs,and GRP78High and GRP78Low subpopulations were obtained by flow sorting.The osteogenic differentiation ability and phosphorylation level of c-Src kinase in the GRP78High subpopulation were significantly increased com-pared with those in GRP78Low subpopulation after cyclic mechanical stretch(P<0.05).GRP78 interacted with c-Src in PDLFs.The overexpression c-Src group showed significantly increased osteogenic differentiation ability than the vector group(P<0.05),and the sic-Src group showed significantly decreased osteogenic differentiation ability(P<0.05)after cy-clic mechanical stretch.Conclusion GRP78 upregulates c-Src expression by interacting with c-Src kinase and pro-motes osteogenic differentiation under cyclic mechanical stretch in PDLFs.