Objective To explore the potential causal relationship between 91 inflammatory factors and the risk of lung cancer (LC). Methods By extracting related data of inflammatory factors and LC and its subtypes from public databases of Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS), bidirectional, repeated, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) and subgroup MR methods were used for analysis. The inverse variance weighted method was mainly used for causal inference, and a series of sensitivity analyses were applied to verify the strength of the results. Results Higher levels of CD5, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and oncostatin-M (OSM) were causally associated with a lower risk of LC, while nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) and S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) were associated with an increased risk of LC. Subgroup MR analysis results showed that IL-18 had a causal relationship with a reduced risk of lung adenocarcinoma, while NGF-β and S100A12 had a causal relationship with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma; CD5 and OSM had a causal relationship with a reduced risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma; NGF-β had a causal relationship with an increased risk of small cell lung cancer. Conclusion Five inflammatory factors, including CD5, IL-18, OSM, NGF-β, and S100A12 have a causal correlation with the risk of LC, providing potential targets for early screening of LC patients and development of therapeutic drugs.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of GW501516 on the intestinal mucosal barrier of septic mice.Methods Septic mice were divided into four groups:model,GW501516,GW501516+Rap,and a sham group.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological injury of the small intestinal mucosa.D-lactate(D-LA)and diamine oxidase(DAO)levels in serum,as well as secreted immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and inflammatory factor levels in small intestinal tissues,were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The number of autophagosomes in the intestinal tissue was determined using transmission electron microscopy.Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ(PPARδ)and autophagy-related protein expression levels in small intestinal tis-sues were assessed using Western blotting.Results Compared with mice in the sham group,those in the model group exhibited severe intestinal mucosal injury,significantly higher D-LA and DAO serum levels,elevated sIgA and inflammatory factor levels in the small intes-tinal tissues,excessive autophagy in the small intestinal tissues,and significantly lower PPARδ protein levels(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,intestinal mucosal injury was significantly reduced in the GW501516 group,with a significant decrease in serum D-LA and DAO levels,as well as reduced sIgA and inflammatory factor levels in small intestinal tissues.Excessive autophagy in small intes-tinal tissues was inhibited,and PPARδ protein levels were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).However,Rap significantly inhibited the ameliorative effects of GW501516 on the intestinal mucosal injury in septic mice.Conclusion The PPARδ agonist GW501516 improves intestinal mucosal barrier damage in septic mice by inhibiting autophagy.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis，therapeutic strategy and early prognosis of Scimitar syndrome in pediatric patients.Methods:Clinical data of 21 children with Scimitar syndrome admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed，and divided into 11 cases in the infantile-type group and 10 cases in the adult-type group.Results:Twenty-one children with Scimitar syndrome，10 males and 11 females，aged 5 days to 10 years old. Compared with the adult-type group，the infant-type group had a high proportion of preoperative clinical symptoms( P<0.05)，a high concomitant rate of intracardiac malformations (100% vs. 40%， P=0.002)，a big size of aortopulmonary collateral(APC)[(0.77±0.25) mm/kg vs.(0.36±0.13) mm/kg， P=0.016]，a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension(91.0% vs. 50.0%， P=0.038), and a high proportion of severe pulmonary hypertension(50 % vs. 0). There was a high rate of postoperative complications of low cardiac output syndrome (36.4% vs. 0， P=0.034)，prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation [(73.22±44.75) h vs. (19.5±12.79) h， P=0.007]，and prolonged length of ICU stay[(7.89±3.37) d vs. (2.50±1.26) d， P<0.001]. Eleven cases underwent surgical treatment only，and 10 cases received hybrid operation with APC occlusion. The survival rate of the whole group was 90.5%，and there was no case of pulmonary venous obstruction in the early postoperative period. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure/systolic artery pressure decreased significantly after surgery in 15 children with pulmonary arterial hypertension( P<0.01).Five cases in the infantile-type group still had pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion:Surgical effect of Scimitar syndrome in pediatric patients is satisfactory. Infants with Scimitar syndrome usually have more severe symptoms, higher incidence of severe pulmonary hypertension and relatively longer postoperative recovery time.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis，therapeutic strategy and early prognosis of Scimitar syndrome in pediatric patients.Methods:Clinical data of 21 children with Scimitar syndrome admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed，and divided into 11 cases in the infantile-type group and 10 cases in the adult-type group.Results:Twenty-one children with Scimitar syndrome，10 males and 11 females，aged 5 days to 10 years old. Compared with the adult-type group，the infant-type group had a high proportion of preoperative clinical symptoms( P<0.05)，a high concomitant rate of intracardiac malformations (100% vs. 40%， P=0.002)，a big size of aortopulmonary collateral(APC)[(0.77±0.25) mm/kg vs.(0.36±0.13) mm/kg， P=0.016]，a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension(91.0% vs. 50.0%， P=0.038), and a high proportion of severe pulmonary hypertension(50 % vs. 0). There was a high rate of postoperative complications of low cardiac output syndrome (36.4% vs. 0， P=0.034)，prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation [(73.22±44.75) h vs. (19.5±12.79) h， P=0.007]，and prolonged length of ICU stay[(7.89±3.37) d vs. (2.50±1.26) d， P<0.001]. Eleven cases underwent surgical treatment only，and 10 cases received hybrid operation with APC occlusion. The survival rate of the whole group was 90.5%，and there was no case of pulmonary venous obstruction in the early postoperative period. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure/systolic artery pressure decreased significantly after surgery in 15 children with pulmonary arterial hypertension( P<0.01).Five cases in the infantile-type group still had pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion:Surgical effect of Scimitar syndrome in pediatric patients is satisfactory. Infants with Scimitar syndrome usually have more severe symptoms, higher incidence of severe pulmonary hypertension and relatively longer postoperative recovery time.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of GW501516 on the intestinal mucosal barrier of septic mice.Methods Septic mice were divided into four groups:model,GW501516,GW501516+Rap,and a sham group.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological injury of the small intestinal mucosa.D-lactate(D-LA)and diamine oxidase(DAO)levels in serum,as well as secreted immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and inflammatory factor levels in small intestinal tissues,were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The number of autophagosomes in the intestinal tissue was determined using transmission electron microscopy.Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ(PPARδ)and autophagy-related protein expression levels in small intestinal tis-sues were assessed using Western blotting.Results Compared with mice in the sham group,those in the model group exhibited severe intestinal mucosal injury,significantly higher D-LA and DAO serum levels,elevated sIgA and inflammatory factor levels in the small intes-tinal tissues,excessive autophagy in the small intestinal tissues,and significantly lower PPARδ protein levels(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,intestinal mucosal injury was significantly reduced in the GW501516 group,with a significant decrease in serum D-LA and DAO levels,as well as reduced sIgA and inflammatory factor levels in small intestinal tissues.Excessive autophagy in small intes-tinal tissues was inhibited,and PPARδ protein levels were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).However,Rap significantly inhibited the ameliorative effects of GW501516 on the intestinal mucosal injury in septic mice.Conclusion The PPARδ agonist GW501516 improves intestinal mucosal barrier damage in septic mice by inhibiting autophagy.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of school injury among students aged 3 to 18 years in Yantian District of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, so as to provide the reference for developing the strategies for prevention and control of school injury. Methods: Data of the students aged 3 to 18 years who were initially diagnosed as injury in sentinel hospitals and whose injuries occurred in nurseries, primary or middle schools in Yantian District in 2023, were collected from the Shenzhen Injury Surveillance System. The onset time, places, activities, characteristics and sites of injury were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1 681 cases of school injuries among students aged 3 to 18 years were reported in Yantian District in 2023, including 1 182 boys and 499 girls, with a boy-to-girl ratio of 2.37∶1. There were 206 preschool children (12.25%), 856 primary school students (50.92%), 358 junior high school students (21.30%) and 261 high school students (15.53%). The peak months for school injuries were February to June, accounting for 49.97%; the peak time period was from 15: 00 to 18: 59, accounting for 44.68%. The main causes of injuries included falls (41.94%) and blunt injury (33.85%). The activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities (57.70%) and physical activities (21.83%). Contusion/abrasion was the main characteristics (49.20%). Mild injury was predominant, accounting for 74.60%, and there was no fatal case. The top three injury sites were the head and neck, upper limbs and lower limbs, accounting for 36.94%, 27.54%, and 24.33%, respectively. Boys had higher proportions of blunt injuries and contusion/abrasion (AR=4.8 and 4.0). The proportion of sports injuries, sprains/strains and lower limb injuries increased with grade (all P<0.05). Conclusions School injury among students predominantly occur in spring when having leisure or physical activities in Yantian District. The main causes of injuries are falls and blunt injury, with boys and primary school students being the high-risk groups.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an emerging technology applied in the field of cardiovascular medicine, which can obtain hemodynamic data by simulating the blood flow in the patient′s heart for cardiac function assessment and disease diagnosis. Left ventricular function plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cardiomyopathies and coronary disease. CFD can reconstruct the left ventricular anatomic structures of patients to clarify pathophysiologic mechanisms and analyze hemodynamic parameters to evaluate left ventricular function, verify surgical efficacy, and guide surgical strategy, which has a positive effect on achieving early diagnosis and reducing mortality from cardiomyopathies and coronary disease. At present, there are still technical limitations in the large-scale clinical application of CFD, and various solutions are being developed and tested, and further improvement and refinement are needed.

Seeds are the source for the production of Chinese medicinal materials. The seed authenticity and quality of directly affect the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal materials. The seed quality is faced with the problems such as mixed sources， existence of adulterants and seeds stocked for years， low maturity， and low purity. To ensure the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal material industry， it is urgent to standardize the seed market and identify and evaluate the quality of the seeds circulating in the market. Seed identification methods include visual inspection， microscopic observation， micro-character identification， chemical fingerprinting， molecular identification， electronic nose， X-ray diffraction， electrochemical fingerprinting， spectral imaging， and artificial intelligence. These methods have different application scopes and unique advantages and disadvantages. According to the different species of Chinese herbal medicines and different requirements of testing sites， suitable methods can be selected to achieve rapid and accurate identification with low costs. In the future， the seed identification methods should be developed based on emerging technologies with interdisciplinary knowledge， and intelligent， nondestructive， and single-grain detection methods are needed for the modern Chinese medicinal material industry. This paper introduces the seed identification technologies currently applied in research and production， compares the principles， applicability， advantages， and disadvantages of different technologies， and provides an outlook on the future development of seed identification technologies， aiming to provide a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of seeds of Chinese medicinal material.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an emerging technology applied in the field of cardiovascular medicine, which can obtain hemodynamic data by simulating the blood flow in the patient′s heart for cardiac function assessment and disease diagnosis. Left ventricular function plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cardiomyopathies and coronary disease. CFD can reconstruct the left ventricular anatomic structures of patients to clarify pathophysiologic mechanisms and analyze hemodynamic parameters to evaluate left ventricular function, verify surgical efficacy, and guide surgical strategy, which has a positive effect on achieving early diagnosis and reducing mortality from cardiomyopathies and coronary disease. At present, there are still technical limitations in the large-scale clinical application of CFD, and various solutions are being developed and tested, and further improvement and refinement are needed.

Purpose To explore the expression of autoph-agy-related 7(ATG7)in breast cancer and its effect on the breast cancer development.Methods Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to detect ATG7 protein expression in breast cancer tissues and the relationship between ATG7 and clinico-pathological features was analyzed.ShRNA was used to interfere with the expression of ATG7 in breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Puromycin was used to screen for stably transfected cells and Western blot was used to detect transfection efficiency.The effect of ATG7 knockdown cells on proliferation ability was de-tected by CCK8 and clone formation experiments.The effect of ATG7 knockdown cells on tumorigenicity in vivo was detected by subcutaneous tumor formation experiment in nude mice.Results IHC showed that ATG7 expression in breast cancer tissues was mainly localized in cytoplasm,and its expression was significant-ly correlated with tumor size and Ki67 expression(P＜0.05).ATG7-shRNA significantly interfered with ATG7 expression in breast cancer cells MCF-7.CCK8 and clone formation experi-ments showed that ATG7 knockdown promoted the cell prolifera-tion compared with the control group.The experiment of subcu-taneous tumor formation in nude mice showed that the tumor for-mation ability of mice was significantly increased after ATG7 knockdown compared with the control group.Conclusion ATG7 may inhibit the proliferation capacity of breast cancer and could be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.