To analyze the clinical and genetic features of oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) patients and compare the phenotypic differences among various causative genes.

Objective: To analyze the compliance status of physical fitness indicator and lifestyle characteristics among secondary vocational school students, as well as their associations, so as to provide a reference for physical fitness promotion among secondary vocational school students. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, a questionnaire survey and physical fitness tests were conducted from September to December 2024 among 5 141 secondary vocational school students recruited from 16 secondary vocational schools across 8 provinces/municipalities in China, including Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai and Zhejiang. Data on lifestyle factors were collected using a self designed questionnaire combined with standardized scales, including dietary habits, unhealthy behaviors, and 24 hour behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep behavior). Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of individual lifestyle behaviors and clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors with non-compliance in physical fitness indicators among secondary vocational school students. Results: The compliance rates for waist circumference, vital capacity, grip strength, standing long jump, 30 second sit ups, 20 meter shuttle run, 50 meter dash, sit and reach, 20 second side steps among secondary vocational school students were 55.9%, 89.6%, 81.8%, 79.4%, 77.8%, 61.4%, 87.0%, 12.6%, and 63.5%, respectively, with a non-overweight/obesity rate of 78.9%. The reporting rates of daily breakfast consumption, milk consumption, and vegetable consumption were 58.9%, 18.3%, and 37.5%, respectively. The reporting rates of frequent takeout consumption, frequent sugar sweetened beverage consumption, smoking, alcohol drinking, insufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), excessive screen time, and insufficient sleep were 30.0%, 43.8%, 8.4%, 15.8%, 42.9%, 90.8%, and 42.6%, respectively. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that secondary vocational school students with insufficient MVPA had higher risks of non-compliance in vital capacity, grip strength, standing long jump, 30 second sit ups, 20 meter shuttle run, 50 meter dash, and 20 second side steps ( OR =1.22- 1.60 ); secondary vocational school students who consumed breakfast daily had lower risks of non-compliance in vital capacity and overweight/obesity ( OR =0.81, 0.85); daily vegetable consumption was associated with a lower risk of vital capacity non-compliance ( OR =0.72); frequent takeout consumption was associated with an increased risk of non-compliance in the sit and reach test ( OR =1.28); smoking was associated with increased risks of non-compliance in the 20 meter shuttle run and 20 second side steps ( OR =1.38, 1.58) (all P <0.05). Regarding the clustering of unhealthy behaviors, secondary vocational school students with 4- 5 clustered unhealthy behaviors had higher risks of non-compliance in waist circumference and standing long jump; those with≥6 clustered behaviors had higher risks of non-compliance in standing long jump, 20 meter shuttle run, and 20 second side step ( OR = 1.17-1.36, all P <0.05). Conclusions The clustering of unhealthy behaviors is negatively associated with physical fitness status among secondary vocational school students. Secondary vocational schools should prioritize the promotion of comprehensive lifestyle management to improve the physical fitness levels of secondary vocational school students.

ObjectiveTo establish an objective evaluation system based on the quality characteristics of Gardeniae Fructus without relying on the origin label according to the theory of excellent shape， high quality， and superior effect of authentic medicinal materials， thus providing a scientific basis for the standardization of Gardeniae Fructus. MethodsDifferent batches of Gardeniae Fructus samples were collected from different producing areas. Through herbal textual research and a review of modern literature， fruit length， maximum fruit diameter， and chroma were selected as quantitative indicators to characterize the traditional appearance traits of Gardeniae Fructus. The above indicators were measured by a vernier caliper and a spectrophotometer. Through classical famous prescription data and literature analysis， total iridoid glycosides， total crocus glycosides， and total flavonoids were selected as the core component indicators related to efficacy， and their content was determined. Finally， through cluster analysis， the threshold ranges of the quantitative indicators of excellent shape and high quality were determined， and the applicability of the established evaluation system was verified by the determination of the indicators for each batch of medicinal materials. ResultsThe excellent shape indicators of Gardeniae Fructus were the fruit length-to-maximum fruit diameter ratio ≤1.86， 0°≤h≤45°， and L^*≥ 37.32. The content of total iridoid glycosides， total crocus glycosides， and total flavonoids should be no less than 2.2%， 0.44%， and 0.028%， respectively. The measurement results of different batches of Gardeniae Fructus showed that the evaluation system could effectively distinguish the Gardeniae Fructus samples in line with the traditional cognition of excellent shape and high quality. ConclusionThis study preliminarily constructs an excellent shape and high quality-based quality evaluation system for Gardeniae Fructus， which links appearance traits with chemical indicators and provides a methodological basis for the quality control and scientific grading of this herbal medicine.

ObjectiveTo identify and quantify the excellent shape and high quality indicators of Sarcandrae Herba and establish an evaluation method for Sarcandrae Herba based on appearance traits and active components according to the theory of excellent shape， high quality， and superior effect of authentic medicinal materials. MethodsSarcandrae Herba samples from various producing areas were systematically collected. Through classical herbal textual research and modern literature analysis， colorimetric values of leaves and stems were selected as shape indicators. According to compound preparation data and literature reports， total flavonoids， total phenolic acids， and coumarins were selected as component indicators. Cluster analysis and correlation analysis were performed to identify core objective indicators and their threshold ranges for the excellent shape and high quality of Sarcandrae Herba. ResultsGreener Sarcandrae Herba exhibited higher levels of phenolic acids， total flavonoids， and coumarins. Core quantitative indicators characterizing the excellent shape and high quality of Sarcandrae Herba were Leaf a^* value<0.99， stem a^* value<4， phenolic acid content≥2.49%， total flavonoid content≥5.32%， and coumarin content≥1.98%. By calculating the compliance rate of each batch against this indicator system， the quality stability of different batches can be quantitatively evaluated. ConclusionThis study validates the traditional empirical principle that greener stems and leaves indicate high quality. It establishes a quality evaluation method for Sarcandrae Herba based on the correlation between color and bioactive components， providing a scientific basis for the quality control and grading of this herbal medicine.

Prescription optimization is a crucial aspect in the study of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compounds. In recent years， the introduction of mathematical methods， data mining techniques， and artificial neural networks has provided new tools for elucidating the compatibility rules of TCM compounds. The study of TCM compounds involves numerous variables， including the proportions of different herbs， the specific extraction parts of each ingredient， and the interactions among multiple components. These factors together create a complex nonlinear dose-effect relationship. In this context， it is essential to identify methods that suit the characteristics of TCM compounds and can leverage their advantages for effective application in new drug development. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the cutting-edge optimization experimental design methods applied in recent studies of TCM compound compatibilities. The key technical issues， such as the optimization of source material selection， dosage optimization of compatible herbs， and multi-objective optimization indicators， were discussed. Furthermore， the evaluation methods for component effects were summarized during the optimization process， so as to provide scientific and practical foundations for innovative research in TCM and the development of new drugs based on TCM compounds.

Abstract School bullying has become a common adverse life event in primary and secondary schools, occurring at younger ages, which seriously harms the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, as well as social well being. The article analyzes the current situation of efforts to prevent and address school bullying at home and abroad, proposes the necessity and urgency of promoting the prevention and control of school bullying, as well as the innovative methods and suggestions of prevention, intervention and empowerment mechanisms in school bullying, and leverages the national policy of preventing school bullying, in order to protect children and adolescents from school bullying.

Objective: To develop the Adolescent Peer Bullying Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) Questionnaire and to evaluate its reliability and validity, so as to provide an effective tool for evaluating the KAP level regarding peer bullying among adolescents. Methods: A preliminary framework was developed through literature review, expert consultation, and group discussions. In September 2024, 2 203 students in grades 7 to 9 from two regular junior high schools in Anhui Province were selected using cluster sampling for a preliminary survey aimed at questionnaire development, including item screening and reliability and validity testing. Results: The initial KAP questionnaire on adolescent peer bullying consisted of 25 items: two items, "Behavior 6" and "Behavior 7", were excluded as their correlation coefficients with the total KAP score being only 0.08 and 0.05, respectively, falling below the preset criteria(0.4). The final questionnaire comprised 23 items, divided into three dimensions: knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Reliability testing showed that the overall Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.89, with Cronbach α coefficients for the knowledge, attitude, and behavior dimensions being 0.91, 0.67 and 0.79, respectively. The overall splithalf reliability of the questionnaire was 0.87, with split half reliabilities for the knowledge, attitude, and behavior dimensions being 0.82, 0.64 , and 0.66, respectively. Testretest reliability ranged from 0.82 to 0.97. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the questionnaire had RMSEA=0.062, NFI=0.924, CFI =0.931, with good discriminant validity. Conclusion The developed KAP questionnaire on adolescent peer bullying demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for evaluating the KAP level regarding peer bullying among adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family-school-community integrated intervention based on the microsystem theory in reducing peer bullying among junior high school students, so as to provide empirical evidence and feasible pathways for junior high school students bullying prevention and control in China. Methods: A combining convenience with clustering method was employed to select 6 268 students from three regular junior high schools in Fuyang and Anqing cities, Anhui Province, as the study subjects in October 2024, and randomly assigned by drawing lots to three groups: family-school-community integrated intervention ( n =2 063), school only intervention ( n =1 864), and control group ( n =2 341). From October 10, 2024, to January 10, 2025, the intervention was implemented for three months using posters, brochures, and videos, with one session every half month, each lasting 40 minutes. The family-school-community integrated intervention group received multi level interventions involving families, schools, and communities, while the school only intervention group received only school based interventions. The control group received routine school health education but no other interventions. Before and after the intervention, data on peer bullying among junior high school students were collected using the Peer Bullying Scale, and comparison of detection rate of peer bullying by Chi square test. Results: After the intervention,group comparison results showed that the incidence rates of various types of peer bullying in the family-school-community integrated intervention group, the school only intervention group, and the control group all showed statistically significant differences ( χ 2=28.61-66.85, all P <0.05). The detection rates of verbal bullying ( 7.51 %), relational bullying (5.62%), physical bullying (3.34%), cyberbullying (1.75%), being bullied (10.81%), verbal bullying others (2.67%), relational bullying others (1.55%), physical bullying others (1.36%), cyberbullying others (1.41%), and overall peer bullying (3.64%) in the family-school-community integrated intervention group were all lower than those in the control group (12.52%, 11.58%, 6.24%, 5.00%, 19.14%, 7.56%, 4.49%, 4.53%, 3.80%, 9.40%); additionally, the detection rates of verbal bullying others, overall peer bullying , verbal bullying, and being bullied , in the family-school-community integrated intervention group were all lower than those in the school only intervention group (4.67%, 6.65%, 13.14%, 16.42%), with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=30.04, 48.49, 19.75, 34.60, 58.89, 52.65, 31.32, 37.37, 24.14, 58.26; 11.25, 18.53, 33.93, 26.41, all P <0.016 7). Group comparison showed that in both intervention groups, the majority of peer bullying behaviors decreased after the intervention ( χ 2=4.86-171.01, all P <0.05). Conclusions The family-school-community integrated intervention based on the microsystem can effectively reduce peer bullying among junior high school students, with better efficacy than the single school intervention. The model can serve as a practical reference for establishing a multi level prevention and intervention system for junior high school students bullying in China.

Objective : To explore the adverse effects of mild traumatic brain injury ( MTBI) on the memory monito- ring function of patients． Methods : This study adopted a paired control research method，combined neuropsycho- logical background tests and memory monitoring task ( feeling of knowing，FOK) to conduct cognitive assessments on two groups of subjects: the patient group ( n = 42) and the matched control group ( n = 42) ． Results : In neuropsychological background test，the patients' performance in digit span test，Stroop color task，digit link task and auditory verbal learning test were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P＜0. 05) ．In addition，there was significant difference in accuracy of FOK task between the two groups ( P ＜0. 05) ．The ratio of right judge- ment / right recognition was relatively high in the control group，while the ratio of correct judgement /wrong recogni- tion was relatively high in the patient group． Conclusion This study confirms that memory impairment in MTBI patients is centered on damage to memory monitoring function．Moreover，the damage to attention，execution，and item content memory abilities in MTBI patients are important driving factors for their memory monitoring dysfunction．

Objective To analyze the main epidemiological characteristics of fungal infection in this hospital in the past 7 years,and to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention and control strategies of fun-gal infection.Methods The fungal data and clinical data of related patients isolated from clinical samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from early January 2018 to the end of May 2024 were selected,and the main epidemiological characteristics of fungal infection in this hospital were identified and described through multi-angle statistical analysis.Results A total of 4 479 patients with filamentous fungal infection were en-rolled.The proportion of male patients[57.5％(2 576/4 479)]was higher than that of female patients[42.5％(1 903/4 143)],mainly distributed in internal medicine,Intensive Care Unit(ICU)and emergency de-partment,among which internal medicine accounted for the highest proportion[50.0％(2 241/4 479)].About 90.0％of the specimens were from the lower respiratory tract,in addition to specimens from skin and soft tis-sue,tissue,ear and blood culture.In terms of seasonal distribution,there are more patients in winter.The fun-gi were mainly composed of Aspergillus,Mucor,Cerdosporium,Fusarium and Penicillium,among which As-pergillus was the most abundant,accounting for 74.6％of the total.Aspergillus fumigatus was the most a-bundant Aspergillus,accounting for 42.5％of the total Aspergillus(1 418/3 340).Among the related infec-tions caused by mold,Aspergillus was the most common in the lower respiratory tract,accounting for 76.8％.Among them,Aspergillus fumigatus accounted for the highest proportion(33.6％).98.6％of the molds infected the ear were Aspergillus,of which Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus were the most common.Skin infections are mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii,Trichophyton rubrum,Microsporum ca-nis.The results of in vitro drug sensitivity test showed that the four common Aspergillus isolated in this hos-pital were sensitive to voriconazole,and amphotericin B had better antifungal activity against Mucorales in vitro.Conclusion Based on the main epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections in this hospital,it is recommended that special attention be paid to the admission of patients in the respiratory department during the peak infection period in autumn and winter.In the treatment of fungal infections in different regions and on different body parts,attention should be paid to the differences in the distribution of bacterial species.