Anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy， also known as anti-IgLON5 antibody-associated encephalopathy， is an extremely rare autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. The core clinical manifestations of this disease include sleep disturbance， gait abnormalities， medulla oblongata dysfunction， and cognitive impairment， as well as the presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. This article reports a case of anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy with memory deficits diagnosed in our hospital， and a literature review is also conducted to enhance the understanding of this condition.
Immunotherapy

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective To verify the applicability of a pig STR multiplex amplification system for detecting processed foods containing pork and their digestive samples,and to evaluate its potential in food safety and forensic biological evidence analysis.Methods DNA profiles were obtained using the pig STR amplification system from food samples with different levels of processing(raw pork,boiled pork,fried pork,and sausage)and from digestive samples(rat gastric contents).The influence of processing methods on DNA integrity was assessed.The uniformity of large-scale processed ham products,the consistency of DNA profiles from different parts of the same sample,and the DNA degradation patterns after rat digestion were examined.Results STR profiling of pig DNA was successful in all tested samples.Short fragments showed high amplification stability,while long fragment signals weakened with increasing processing complexity.In processed ham products,DNA profiles were consistent across all sampled parts,with fragment drift within±0.5 bp.Analysis of rat gastric contents showed slight DNA degradation within 2 hours;after 3 hours,long fragment signals weakened,and after 4 hours,some loci signals were lost.Conclusion The pig STR multiplex amplification system exhibits excellent performance in detecting processed pork products and their digestive samples.It can meet the requirements of food traceability and forensic biological evidence analysis for processed pork,providing new insights for the advancement of forensic testing techniques in this field.

Migration is one of the core biological characteristics of migratory birds. The nutrient, energy, and biological flows triggered during this process can facilitate the cross-regional spread of parasites and induce changes in their community structures. This article systematically reviews the interaction between migratory birds and parasites, including the prevalence characteristics of parasites in migratory birds, the vector role of migratory birds in parasite transmission, and the potential impact of parasites on hosts, ecosystems, and humans, in order to provide theoretical support for biodiversity conservation and prevention and control of zoonosis.

Objective To observe the ultrasonic manifestations of local recurrence(LR)of breast cancer after surgery.Methods Totally 82 female breast cancer patients with local hypoechoic in surgical area who underwent ultrasound follow-up were enrolled and divided into LR group(n=18)and non LR group(n=64)according to the local hypoechoic was LR or not.Clinical data and ultrasonic manifestations of primary lesion before operation and postoperative local hypoechoic were observed and compared between groups.Results Significant differences of surgical resection type,molecular subtype,status of smooth muscle actin,Calponin status,Ki-67 status,clinical staging,the maximum diameter and posterior echo of the primary lesion,as well as of involved tissue layer,location,long axis parallel to the skin or not,edge,internal echo,posterior echo,skin change and Adler blood flow grading of local hypoechoic in resection area were found between groups(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonic manifestations of LR of breast cancer after surgery had certain characteristics.

The current status of diabetes prevention and control in China is characterized by high prevalence but low awareness, treatment and control rates. The government has launched a series of policies related to diabetes prevention and control to promote the transition from " disease-centered" to " health-centered" chronic disease management. In this context, the National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (Changsha) initiated the " National Diabetes Prevention and Control Center (DPCC) Project". This review outlines the basic principles and practical experiences of the DPCC project and suggests future strategies and directions for diabetes prevention and control in China.

Based on the practice of National Diabetes Prevention and Control Center (DPCC) in Hunan Province for five years, this paper systematically reviewed the excellent experience and advanced practices of diabetes prevention and control in several demonstration areas.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Glaucocalyxin A(GLA)in inhibiting ovalbumin(OVA)-induced airway remodeling in asthmatic mice through the topoisomerase Ⅱ α(TOP2A)/cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:the control group,the model group,the low-dose GLA group,the high-dose GLA group and the Dexamethasone group,with 8 mice in each group.The effect of GLA on airway remodeling was examined by immunohistochemical staining,ELISA and other methods,and bioinformatics methods were used to predict new targets of GLA.The action targets of TOP2A were screened using the STRING database,and the interaction relationship between the two was verified by co-immunoprecipitation.In vitro,GLA and siRNA were used to interfere with interleukin-4(IL-4)-stimulated human airway epithelial cells BEAS-2B.The expressions of TOP2A,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),Integrin β1,focal adhesion kinase(FAK),β-catenin,CDK1 and DRP1 were detected by Western Blot.Results GLA intervention could significantly reduce OVA-induced asthma airway remodeling,airway smooth muscle thickening,collagen deposition around the airway,the number of eosinophils in alveolar lavage fluid,the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4,and the level of serum IgE.The new target of GLA screened out was TOP2A,which was highly expressed in the lung tissue of the asthma airway remodeling model.GLA intervention could down-regulate its expression.In vitro,intervention with GLA and si-TOP2A could significantly down-regulate the expressions of IL-4-induced TOP2A,EGFR,Integrin β1,FAK and β-catenin.Further studies have found that TOP2A had an interaction relationship with CDK1.si-TOP2A could downregulate the expression of CDK1,and knockdown of CDK1 could significantly down-regulate the expression of phosphorylated DRP1.Conclusion GLA may alleviate asthma airway remodeling by targeting the TOP2A/CDK1 signaling pathway,providing experimental evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of asthma airway remodeling in asthma.

Migration is one of the core biological characteristics of migratory birds. The nutrient, energy, and biological flows triggered during this process can facilitate the cross-regional spread of parasites and induce changes in their community structures. This article systematically reviews the interaction between migratory birds and parasites, including the prevalence characteristics of parasites in migratory birds, the vector role of migratory birds in parasite transmission, and the potential impact of parasites on hosts, ecosystems, and humans, in order to provide theoretical support for biodiversity conservation and prevention and control of zoonosis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) children carrying a TCF3: : PBX1 fusion gene and to evaluate the prognostic value of this gene.Methods:Retrospective cohort study.A total of 2 164 B-ALL children aged 0-18 years diagnosed and treated at 19 pediatric centers from October 2016 to June 2022 were enrolled.They were divided into the positive group and the negative group according to whether they carried a TCF3: : PBX1 fusion gene.The clinical characteristics, treatment response, adverse reactions, and prognosis of the 2 groups of patients were analyzed.The rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare two and more than two groups of numerical variables, respectively.Fisher′s exact test was used to compare categorical variables.Results:Among the 2 164 patients, 116 (5.4%) were TCF3: : PBX1 positive, of which 70 patients were female, accounting for 60.3%.There were 840 female patients in the TCF3: : PBX1-negative group, accounting for 41.0%.There was a significant difference in the ratio of females between the TCF3: : PBX1-positive and TCF3: : PBX1-negative groups ( P<0.001).No significant difference was observed in age of onset between the two groups( P>0.05).The proportion of bone marrow naive cells [54.00 (14.00, 76.50)% vs.29.00 (3.00, 68.00)%], white blood cell counts [25.30 (10.46, 60.94)×10 9/L vs.9.03 (4.38, 30.73)×10 9/L] and hemoglobin counts [82.00(63.00, 101.00) g/L vs.74.00(60.00, 90.00) g/L] in the TCF3: : PBX1-positive group were significantly higher than those in the negative group at the onset (all P<0.05).In terms of treatment response, the proportion of peripheral blood naive cells on Day 8 in the TCF3: : PBX1-positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group [2.00 (0, 9.00)% vs.0 (0, 2.00)%, P<0.001].The proportion of minimal residual disease <0.1% on Day 15 in the TCF3: : PBX1-positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group ( P=0.038).There were no significant differences in cumulative recurrence rate, treatment-related mortality (TRM), and overall survival (OS) between the TCF3: : PBX1-positive group and TCF3: : PBX1-negative group (all P>0.05).The cumulative recurrence risk of TCF3: : PBX1-positive patients was 9.646 times higher than that of ETV6: : RUNX1-positive patients with better prognosis( HR=9.646, 95% CI: 1.026-90.700, P=0.047).There were no significant differences in TRM and OS between TCF3: : PBX1-positive and ETV6: : RUNX1-positive patients (all P>0.05).A significant enrichment of PAX5 mutations was detected in TCF3: : PBX1-positive patients.Among the 7 high-risk TCF3: : PBX1-positive patients in a single center, 4 patients had PAX5 mutations, and this proportion was significantly higher than that in other patients ( P<0.001). Conclusions:B-ALL children carrying a TCF3: : PBX1 fusion gene have a high remission rate and good long-term prognosis after intensive chemotherapy.It is suggesting that TCF3: : PBX1-positive B-ALL patients should be rated at intermediate risk to receive intensive chemotherapy.