Objective To investigate the particle size of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） ointments in various hospitals. Methods The powders of 7 varieties of externally-applied TCM ointments from Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （our hospital） were subjected to comminution processes. Each variety was separately processed by a universal grinder, a hammer mill, and a jet mill, yielding a total of 21 samples. The particle sizes of these 21 samples from our hospital, along with 6 samples obtained from 6 other hospitals, were measured by employing a Bettersize2 laser particle size analyzer and microscopic examination. Results The volume-based average particle size of 21 samples from our hospital ranged from 3.34 to 52.53 μm, while that of 6 samples from other hospitals ranged from 38.59 to 118.50 μm. Notably, the particle size of samples processed by jet milling could be reduced by 12% to 86% compared with those processed by universal mechanical crushing. Microscopic observation revealed that particles larger than 180 μm were detected in 17 samples from our hospital and all 6 samples from other hospitals. Conclusion Compared with universal grinder sample and hammer grinder, jet mill could reduce the average particle size of powder. However, the increasement in pulverization time and loss of pulverization were substantial. Furthermore, in accordance with the particle size requirements for ointments specified in the current Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition), particle size testing of TCM ointments remains challenging. Therefore, further data accumulation should be imperative to establish particle size standards for TCM ointments.

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of common respiratory infectious diseases among 6-19 year-old population in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2021, and to provide a reference for prevention and control. Methods Data of influenza, mumps and varicella reported cases among the population aged 6-19 years in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2021 were collected, and descriptive methods and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze epidemiological characteristics and trends of incidences. Results Between 2013 and 2022 in Shenzhen, the average annual incidence rates of influenza, mumps, and varicella among the population aged 6-19 years were 961.44/100 000, 157.70/100 000, and 664.34/100 000 respectively. The incidence of influenza showed an upward trend in 10 years, with an annual percent change (APC) of 52.88% (P<0.05). The incidence of mumps and varicella both showed an 'up-down' trend, with an inflection point in 2019. The incidence APC of mumps were 11.51% and -43.49%, respectively (P>0.05), while the incidence APC of varicella were 28.88% and -50.03%, respectively (P<0.05), respectively. From the point of seasonal distribution, the incidence of three infectious diseases all showed bimodal distribution, with peaks in winter (December to January of the following year) and at the turn from spring to summer (April to June). The proportion of reported cases of three infectious diseases among people aged 6-<10 years old exceeded 60%. The proportion of varicella cases among people aged 10-<15 and 15-19 was on the rise. The incidence rate of influenza and varicella in people aged 15-19 years increased fastest, with APCs of 77.89% and 33.00%, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusions The trend analysis based on Joinpoint regression model displayed that the reported incidence of influenza among people aged 6-19 years in Shenzhen during 2013-2022 showed an upward trend, and the incidence of varicella had an 'up-down' trend. Children aged 6-<10 years old are the main incidence group, and the prevention and control of infectious diseases in primary schools should be further promoted. Meanwhile, the rapid rise in the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases among people aged 15-19 years old and the increase in the proportion of varicella cases among people aged 10-19 years old suggest that intervention should be carried out to address the influential factors such as immunization gaps and concentrated accommodation in the older age group of minors.

SUMMARY The mesothelium,which consists of a monolayer of mesothelial cells,extends over the sur-face of the serosal cavities(pleura,pericardium,peritoneum and tunica vaginalis).Mesothelial tumours of the tunica vaginalis is rare compared with those arise from pleura or peritoneum.According to World Health Organization 2022 Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumours(5th edition),mesothelial tumours of the tunica vaginalis were categorized into adenomatoid tumour,well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour(WDPMT)and mesothelioma.Since WDPMT of tunica vaginalis was rare,there was no consensus concerning the treatment of it.In this case report,a 29-year-old man who had endured intermittent right scrotal pain for 8 months,aggravating scrotal pain for 2 weeks was admitted.No symptoms,such as frequent,urgent,or painful urination were shown.Physical examination revealed the enlargement and tenderness of right scrotum,with no signs of lifting pain.The most recent scrotal ultrasonography be-fore surgery revealed right hydrocele with maximum depth of 4 centimeters and poor blood flow of right testis.Under the circumstance of patient's chronic history of testicular hydrocele,he underwent an emer-gency operation of right scrotal exploration and hydrocelectomy under epidural anesthesia.After opening the vagina tunic cavity,spot-like bleeding was observed on the right testicle,epididymis and vaginalis surface.The vaginalis was obviously thickened and the inner and outer walls were smooth.The post-operative histopathology revealed a grayish-brown tissue with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm,smooth inner and outer walls,and a suspected WDPMT with a diameter of 1.5 cm.Immunohistochemical staining showed positive for Calretinin,BAP1,WT-1,CK5/6,D2-40 and P16,which confirmed the diagnosis of WDPMT.To sum up,the purpose of this case report was to raise awareness of a rare disease WDPMT,which was usually asymptomatic and could be diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemistry.The disease should be differentiated from testicular torsion,epididymitis,orchitis and oblique inguinal hernia in symptoms,and from malignant mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumour in pathology.Because of the rarity of the cases,there was no unified standard for the treatment of WDPMT at present.The common treatment methods reported in literature included orchidectomy and vaginectomy.Due to the lack of un-derstanding of this disease,postoperative follow-up was still recommended for at least 5 years.

Genitourinary tract malignant lymphoma is rare, and primary malignant lymphoma of the lower urinary tract is even rarer. This article reported a female patient with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the urethra. The patient was admitted due to progressive dysuria, because ultrasound indicated a lesion in the urethra, transurethral resection of the lesion was performed, which revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the urethra. R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen of four cycles was performed after surgery, and urination symptoms relieved. There was no recurrence or metastasis after 6 months of follow-up.

Objective To establish a gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of camphor residue and borneolum content in Qingchang Suppository. Methods Gas chromatograph method was used. The chromatographic column was Agilent capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm). The column temperature was 140 ℃. The sample injection temperature was 250 ℃. The FID detector temperature was 250 ℃. Results Camphor，borneol and isoborneol content showed good linear in the extent of 0.0299~1.497(r=1.000), 0.0205~1.025(r=1.000), 0.0097~0.4830 µg (r=1.000). RSDs of precision，stability and repeatability test results were less than 2%. The recovery was 99.7%, 101.0%, 102.5%. Conclusion This method is simple and quick with accurate result, which could be used for the content determination of Borneol in Qingchang Suppository.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery for treatment of type 2 diabetes (TD) in patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 27.5 kg/m. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent LRYGB surgery from March, 2012 to June, 2018 in the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command and Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The changes in the parameters of glucose metabolism and physical indicators of the patients in the first, second and third years after the surgery were analyzed in patients in low BMI group and high BMI group. RESULTS: All the 74 patients underwent LRYGB successfully without conversion to open surgery. One year after the surgery, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting C-peptide, BMI, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with their preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). At 2 years after the operation, FBG, HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, HOMA-IR, BMI, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). In the third year, FBG, HOMA-IR, fasting C-peptide, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters of glucose metabolism and islet function between low BMI group and high BMI group at different stages. No serious complications occurred in these patients after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS LRYGB is effective for treatment of T2D in Chinese patients with a BMI < 27.5. After the surgery, the patient show reduced waistline without significant weight loss. The long-term results of the surgery still require further investigations with a larger samples and longer follow-up.
Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Gastric Bypass ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery for treatment of type 2 diabetes (TD) in patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 27.5 kg/m. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent LRYGB surgery from March, 2012 to June, 2018 in the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command and Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The changes in the parameters of glucose metabolism and physical indicators of the patients in the first, second and third years after the surgery were analyzed in patients in low BMI group and high BMI group. RESULTS: All the 74 patients underwent LRYGB successfully without conversion to open surgery. One year after the surgery, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting C-peptide, BMI, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with their preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). At 2 years after the operation, FBG, HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, HOMA-IR, BMI, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). In the third year, FBG, HOMA-IR, fasting C-peptide, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters of glucose metabolism and islet function between low BMI group and high BMI group at different stages. No serious complications occurred in these patients after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS LRYGB is effective for treatment of T2D in Chinese patients with a BMI < 27.5. After the surgery, the patient show reduced waistline without significant weight loss. The long-term results of the surgery still require further investigations with a larger samples and longer follow-up.
Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Obesity, Morbid ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss

Objective To investigate the effects of metformin and exaliplatin on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. The antitumor effects of metformin combined with exaliplatin on gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were compared. Methods SGC-7901 cells were cultured in vitro. The proliferation inhibition rate of cancer cell after treatment with various concentrations of metformin(5.0,10.0,15.0 mmol/L)、exaliplatin(2.5,5.0,10.0 μmol/L)or 15.0 mmol/L metformin combined with 10.0 μmol/L exaliplatin was analyzed via MTT colorimetric assay at 24,48,72 h.After 24 h, the SGC-7901 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the relative activity of caspase-3 and bax was detected by western blot. Results The co-administration of metformin and exaliplatin or single agent treatment could increase the proliferation inhibition rates of SGC-7901 cell in a time-and dose-dependent manner, while there was a significant higher proliferation inhibition rate in co-administration versus single-agent treatment (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate induced by 15.0 mmol/L metformin and 10.0 μmol/L exaliplatin and combined treatment was (16.0 ± 2.1)%, (19.0 ± 2.7)%, (29.0 ± 3.5)%, higher than that in blank control group (10.0 ± 1.1)%, and there was significant difference (P <0.05). Both of metformin and exaliplatin could increase caspase-3 and Bax activity.Caspase-3 and Bax activity in the combination of metformin and exaliplatin was significantly higher than that of metformin group and exaliplatin group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Metformin combined with exaliplatin has synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth and inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.Enhancing caspase-3 and Bax expression may be the related mechanism

Objective To investigate the effect of Shuyuningxin decoction on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus of chronicstress depression rats. Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, fluoxetine group, high dose ofShuyuningxin decoction group, middle dose of Shuyuningxin decoction group and low dose of Shuyuningxin decoction group. All thegroups were given the chronic unpredicted mild stress for 21 d to induce depression models except the control group. Then they were administratedtheir drugs for 21 d. The level of Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus were investigated with immunohistochemistry technique. ResultsCompared with the control group, the level of Bax increased and Bcl-2 decreased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with modelgroup, the level of Bax decreased and Bcl-2 increased in the middle dose of Shuyuningxin decoction group, high dose of Shuyuningxin decoctiongroup and the fluoxetine group (P<0.05). Conclusion The anti-depression effect of Shuyuningxin decoction may be associated withthe expression of Bax and Bcl-2.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficiency of autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells for treatment of patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.MethodsEighteen patients of type 2 diabetes with diabetic lower limb ischemia (30 legs) were treated by autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells.ResultsThe limb pain, cool feeling and numbness feeling improved significantly after PBSC transplantation,the improvement rate were 96.7％, 100.0％ and 95.8％ respectively.Intermittent claudication was also relieved significantly, total remission rate was 76.9％.The ABI and TcPO2 of patients increased significantly at 3 months after transplantation.After the transplantation ABI raised from 0.60 ± 0.11 to 0.71 ±0.12(t =-6.882, P ＜ 0.01) .93.3％ of patients' TcPO2 raised in different degrees.The foot infections were well controlled.Ulcer or toes gangrene got better or healed.No obvious complications or adverse reaction were observed after the transplantation.ConclusionAutologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells shows to be a simple, safe and effective method in treating patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.