The incidence of falls, as well as the consequent fear of falling among aged hemodialysis patients, is notably high. Such fear contributes to both psychosomatic damage and a diminished quality of life, constituting a significant risk factor for mortality in this demographic. This article comprehensively reviews the overview of fear of falling in aged hemodialysis patients, its effects on these individuals, the current prevalence, influencing factors, and intervention measures. It aims to provide a scientific foundation for formulating effective strategies to counteract the fear of falling in aged hemodialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)on cerebral blood flow(CBF)in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A ret-rospective study was conducted on 21 mild AD patients admitted in our hospital from September 2019 to April 2022.All of them received tACS treatment for 3 weeks.Mini-mental state examina-tion(MMSE),auditory verbal learning test(AVLT)and MRI were applied to obtain the data at baseline(T0),the end of the treatment(T1)and in three months after treatment(T2).Z-trans-form CBF(zCBF)was performed to reduce individual variability.The changes in MMSE and AVLT scores,as well as brain zCBF and CBF values before and after tACS treatment were ana-lyzed.Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship of zCBF and CBF with cognitive scores.Results In the AD patients,their MMSE score was significantly increased at T1 than at T0[22.00(20.00,25.00)vs 20.00(18.00,21.50),P＜0.01].Based on voxel analysis,the AD patients exhibited significantly increased zCBF in the bilateral frontal and temporal cortex at T1,and in the right frontal and temporal cortex at T2 when compared with the levels at T0(P＜0.05).The most pronounced increase in zCBF was observed in the right insular.Based on region of inter-est analysis,increased zCBF and CBF in the right frontal and temporal cortex at T1 were observed(P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between the change of CBF in the right frontal cortex and AVLT-recognition recall at T1(r=0.617,P=0.005)and between the change of CBF in the left frontal cortex and MMSE at T2(r=0.596,P=0.012).Conclusion MRI 3D-ASL can objec-tively evaluate the changes of CBF in AD patients after tACS treatment,and it provides a reliable imaging marker for evaluating the efficacy of tACS.

Objective To construct and validate of a nomogram predictive model for high-volume lymph node metastasis(HVM)in multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma(MPTC).Methods Between January 2010 to January 2024,a total of 1146 and 234 patients with multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma(MPTC)were diagnosed at Hangzhou First People's Hospital(Center A)and Hangzhou Cancer Hospital(Center B),respectively.Patients from Center A were randomly allocated to training set(n=803)and testing set(n=343)in a 7:3 ratio,while those from Center B(n=234)comprised an external validation set.Independent risk factors for HVM in MPTC patients were identified through univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis in training set,leading to the development of a nomogram predictive model.The generalizability of this model was subsequently assessed using both testing set and external validation set.The area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic curve,sensitivity,and specificity evaluate the discriminative ability of the model.Results The incidence of HVM was 13.3％at center A and 12.8％at center B.Logistic regression identified male gender(OR=2.91,95％CI:1.835-4.599),maximum lesion diameter(OR=1.05,95％CI:1.021-1.070),and age(OR=0.95,95％CI:0.936-0.972)as independent risk factors for HVM.Anomogram based on these factors showed an AUC of 0.767 with 72.6％sensitivity and 70.2％specificity in training set,and 0.838 with 94.9％sensitivity and 68.4％specificity in testing set,and 0.769 with 63.3％sensitivity and 84.3％specificity in external validation set.The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement with the ideal curve.Conclusion The prediction model constructed based on clinical risk factors can effectively predict the probability of HVM in MPTC patients.

Objective To observe changes of plain MR T1WI signal intensity of dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).Methods Fifty patients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and received intensity-modulated radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group,and 50 patients with other malignant tumors and without history of brain radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.All patients received yearly GBCA enhanced MR examinations for the nasopharynx or the head.T1WI signal intensities of the dentate nucleus and the pons on same plane were measured based on images in the year of confirmed diagnosis(recorded as the first year)and in the second to the fifth years.T1WI signal intensity ratio of year i(ranging from 1 to 5)was calculated with values of dentate nucleus divided by values of the pons(△SIi),while the percentage of relative changes of year j(ranging from 2 to 51 was calculated with △SIj compared to △SIi(Rchangej).The values of these two parameters were compared,and the correlation of △SI and GBCA injection year-time was evaluated within each group.Results No significant difference of gender,age nor △SI1 was found between groups(all P＞0.05).The second to the fifth year △SI and Rchange in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group were all higher than those in control group(all P＜0.05).Within both groups,△SI was positively correlated with GBCA injection year-time(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of GBCA tended to be found with gradually worsening GBCA deposition in dentate nucleus,for which radiotherapy might be a risk factor.

Osteoarthritis （OA）， rheumatoid arthritis （RA）， gouty arthritis （GA）， and intervertebral disc degeneration （IVDD） are the most common bone and joint-related diseases in clinical practice. They can all affect related joints， leading to joint pain， swelling， dysfunction， and other symptoms. The difference is that OA is mainly caused by joint wear and age-related degradation and is manifested as joint pain， stiffness， and limited movement. RA is an autoimmune disease， manifested as joint pain， swelling， morning stiffness， and systemic symptoms. GA is caused by abnormal uric acid metabolism， manifested as acute arthritis， and IVDD is caused by intervertebral disc degeneration. Studies have shown that the mechanism of the occurrence and development of these bone and joint diseases is extremely complex. Pyroptosis is closely related to these bone and joint-related diseases by participating in bone and joint inflammation， cartilage metabolism imbalance， extracellular matrix degradation， and pathological damage of bone and joint. Inhibition of bone and joint-related pyroptosis will effectively prevent and treat bone and joint-related diseases. At the same time， many studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a prominent curative effect and obvious advantages in the prevention and treatment of bone and joint-related diseases. TCM can reduce the inflammatory reaction of bone and joints， improve the pathological damage of bone and joint diseases， and relieve bone and joint pain by inhibiting pyroptosis. Therefore， this article aims to briefly explain the relationship between pyroptosis and the occurrence and development of bone and joint-related diseases and summarize the latest research reports on the intervention of pyroptosis in the treatment of bone and joint-related diseases by TCM monomers， TCM extracts， and TCM compounds. It offers new ideas for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis and drug treatment of bone and joint diseases and provides a basis for the clinical use of TCM to prevent and treat bone and joint diseases.

Production internship is an important teaching tache for undergraduate students to carry out engineering training by using professional skills, and it is a key starting point for fostering application-oriented talents in biotechnology. The Course Group of 'production internship of biotechnology majors' of Binzhou University is investigating application-oriented transformation for local regular colleges and universities, as well as fostering high-level application-oriented talents. By taking green fluorescent protein (GFP) polyclonal antibody as an example, the reform and practice on teaching content, teaching mode, assessment method, continuous improvement of curriculum were carried out. Moreover, the characteristics of the Yellow River Delta-Binzhou Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Industrial Cluster were taken into account to intensify academic-enterprise cooperation. On one hand, this Course Group designed and rearranged the course contents, carried out essential training through online resources and platforms such as virtual simulation, and recorded, tracked and monitored the progress of production internship through practical testing and software platforms like 'Alumni State'. On the other hand, this Course Group established a practice-and application-oriented assessment method in the process of production internship and a dual evaluation model for continuous improvement. These reform and practices have promoted the training of application-oriented talents in biotechnology, and may serve as a reference for similar courses.
Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Curriculum ; Students ; Biotechnology

Rats ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism* ; Biological Transport

Objective: To explore the correlation between serum vitamin D level and glucose and lipid metabolism among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to providing a scientific basis for guiding rational vitamin D supplementation among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Region. Methods: A total of 2 206 students of primary and middle school students from 8 counties (districts) in Inner Mongolia were enrolled for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory test by a multi stage stratified random sampling approach.The levels of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and other related indexes with different vitamin D levels were analyzed, and their correlation was further discussed. Results: The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D among primary and middle school students were 33.2% and 42.8%, respectively, and the suitable rate was 24.0%. The body mass index (BMI) and waist height ratio (WHtR) of the vitamin D deficiency group [(22.87±7.41) kg/m 2 , 0.46±0.08)]were higher than the insufficiency [(20.59±8.00)kg/m 2, 0.44±0.09)] and suitable group [(18.01±7.38)kg/m 2, 0.43 ±0.08)] ( P <0.05). Compared with the vitamin D suitable group [(3.87±0.85) mmol/L], the total cholesterol (TC) level in the deficiency group [(3.73±0.67)mmol/L] decreased, with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the vitamin D insufficiency[(1.40±0.33)mmol/L] and deficiency groups [(1.34±0.31)mmol/L] were lower than the suitable group [(1.48±0.34)mmol/L], with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The detection rate of hyperuricemia (HUA) in the vitamin D deficiency group (22.95%) was higher than the suitable group (17.20%), with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.016 7). Pearson correlation analysis showed that vitamin D was negatively correlated with BMI and WHtR ( r =-0.23, -0.11), and positively correlated with TC and HDL level ( r =0.06, 0.16) ( P <0.05). Conclusions The deficiency and insufficiency rates of serum vitamin D among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia are high which are associated with several indicators of blood lipids. Therefore, it is recommended to supplement vitamin D preparations in moderation in daily life.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the treatment of boutonniere deformity by tenodesis of the bilateral slips of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon.Methods:From February 2021 to May 2022, the boutonniere deformity was retrospectively analyzed, by tenodesis of the bilateral slips of the FDS in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital.During the operation, the lateral side of the bilateral FDS was split at the distal end separately. Then the two bundles were tunneled through the bone of the middle phalanx and weaved with the central band of the extensor tendon. The involved finger was stabilized in extension with splinting for 4 weeks after surgery. Extension and flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint(PIPJ) of the finger should be gradually strengthened. Finger function was evaluated according to the total action movement (TAM) system of the American Association of Hand Surgeons.Results:A total of 7 patients (7 digits) were enrolled, including 5 males and 2 females, and the age ranged from 22 to 64 years old, with an average age of 42 years old. The injured included 1 index finger, 2 middle fingers, 2 ring fingers, and 2 little fingers. These patients were follow-up for 6 to 8 months with an average of 7 months. All wounds healed by primary intention. This operation can obtain the complete correction of the boutonniere deformity. The PIPJ was stable and capable of active flexion and straightness. The straightness of PIPJ and distal interphalangeal joint was improved. The mean active motion of the PIPJ of the affected finger was 92.4°, and the mean TAM of the affected finger was 271.3°. According to TAM system assessment criteria: excellent in 6 patients, good in 1 patient.Conclusion:It is a safe and effective new method for the correction of boutonniere deformity, which can be effectively treated with tenodesis of the bilateral slips of the FDS.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the treatment of boutonniere deformity by tenodesis of the bilateral slips of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon.Methods:From February 2021 to May 2022, the boutonniere deformity was retrospectively analyzed, by tenodesis of the bilateral slips of the FDS in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital.During the operation, the lateral side of the bilateral FDS was split at the distal end separately. Then the two bundles were tunneled through the bone of the middle phalanx and weaved with the central band of the extensor tendon. The involved finger was stabilized in extension with splinting for 4 weeks after surgery. Extension and flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint(PIPJ) of the finger should be gradually strengthened. Finger function was evaluated according to the total action movement (TAM) system of the American Association of Hand Surgeons.Results:A total of 7 patients (7 digits) were enrolled, including 5 males and 2 females, and the age ranged from 22 to 64 years old, with an average age of 42 years old. The injured included 1 index finger, 2 middle fingers, 2 ring fingers, and 2 little fingers. These patients were follow-up for 6 to 8 months with an average of 7 months. All wounds healed by primary intention. This operation can obtain the complete correction of the boutonniere deformity. The PIPJ was stable and capable of active flexion and straightness. The straightness of PIPJ and distal interphalangeal joint was improved. The mean active motion of the PIPJ of the affected finger was 92.4°, and the mean TAM of the affected finger was 271.3°. According to TAM system assessment criteria: excellent in 6 patients, good in 1 patient.Conclusion:It is a safe and effective new method for the correction of boutonniere deformity, which can be effectively treated with tenodesis of the bilateral slips of the FDS.