AIM:To investigate the characteristics of corneal endothelial cells(CEC)and nuclear density(ND)in cataract patients with type 2 diabetes and to assess the impact of blood glucose related indicators.METHODS: A total of 187 cases(187 eyes)that underwent cataract surgery at our hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled. CEC were measured using a non-contact specular microscope. ND was measured through IOLMaster 700. A total of 187 participants were further stratified based on glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were used to elucidate the association between diabetic status and ocular parameters. We measured the concentrations of ascorbic acid(AA)in the aqueous humor of 52 participants.RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the diabetic group exhibited larger maximum endothelial cell size, lower endothelial cell density(ECD), a reduced proportion of hexagonal cells, higher ND, and lower corneal vertex equivalent spherical power(Scv; P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed those changes of CEC and ND were significantly associated with the level of FBG, HbA1c, and the duration of diabetes(P<0.05). Among 52 participants, diabetic patients had lower levels of AA in their aqueous humor, indicating a diminished antioxidant ability.CONCLUSION:Diabetic state can significantly influence corneal maximum cell size, hexagonal cell ratio and ND in cataract patients, potentially linked to a decrease in total antioxidant capacity of the aqueous humor.

BACKGROUND: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is indicated as a broad-spectrum medicine for a variety of diseases, including cancer and cardiac disease. While the role of ATO in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) has not been reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ATO on HIRI. METHODS: In the present study, we established a 70% hepatic warm I/R injury and partial hepatectomy (30% resection) animal models in vivo and hepatocytes anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models in vitro with ATO pretreatment and further assessed liver function by histopathologic changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell counting kit-8, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was transfected to evaluate the role of ERK1/2 pathway during HIRI, followed by ATO pretreatment. The dynamic process of autophagic flux and numbers of autophagosomes were detected by green fluorescent protein-monomeric red fluorescent protein-LC3 (GFP-mRFP-LC3) staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: A low dose of ATO (0.75 μmol/L in vitro and 1 mg/kg in vivo ) significantly reduced tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis during the process of hepatic I/R. Meanwhile, ATO obviously promoted the ability of cell proliferation and liver regeneration. Mechanistically, in vitro  studies have shown that nontoxic concentrations of ATO can activate both ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) pathways and further induce autophagy. The hepatoprotective mechanism of ATO, at least in part, relies on the effects of ATO on the activation of autophagy, which is ERK-dependent. CONCLUSION Low, non-toxic doses of ATO can activate ERK/PI3K-AKT pathways and induce ERK-dependent autophagy in hepatocytes, protecting liver against I/R injury and accelerating hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Animals ; Arsenic Trioxide ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control* ; Mice ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/physiology* ; Arsenicals/therapeutic use* ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of free palmaris longus tendon graft reconstruction in the treatment of gouty tophus erosion lesions in flexor tendon of wrist and hand. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 patients with gouty tophus erosion lesions in flexor tendon of wrist and hand who underwent free palmaris longus tendon graft reconstruction between June 2017 and December 2023. All patients were male, aged 22-65 years, with an average of 45.9 years. The duration of gout history ranged from 2 to 18 years, with an average of 8.8 years. The duration from the discovery of gouty tophus to operation ranged from 12 to 26 months, with an average of 17.6 months. The gouty tophus eroded the flexor pollicis longus tendon in 4 cases, with Verdan flexor tendon zones being Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 1 case and Ⅳ-Ⅴ in 3 cases. The flexor digitorum profundus tendons were affected in 2 cases for the index finger, 1 for the middle finger, and 1 for the ring finger, all located in zone Ⅳ-Ⅴ. The long axis of the gouty tophus ranged from 2.3 to 4.5 cm, with an average of 3.4 cm. All 8 patients presented with limited finger flexion and extension. Among them, 4 cases were accompanied by median nerve compression symptoms, and 1 case had associated bone and joint destruction in the hand. The total active motion (TAM) of the affected finger was (81.3±30.2)° before operation according to the hand function evaluation criteria for tendon repair by the Chinese Society of Hand Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association, and the functional evaluation was poor. The harvested palmaris longus tendon intraoperatively was 7-9 cm in length. RESULTS: Surgical incisions in all 8 patients healed by first intention, with no infections, graft non-union, or significant adhesion complications. All patients were followed up 8-25 months, with an average of 14.8 months. Numbness symptoms resolved in all 4 patients who presented with median nerve compression symptoms. Patients did not experience wrist pain or other discomfort, and function was not compromised. At last follow-up, according to the hand function evaluation criteria for tendon repair by the Chinese Society of Hand Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association, the TAM of 8 patients was (197.5±55.8)°, which significantly improved when compared with that before operation ( t=11.638, P<0.001); the hand function of 1 patient with gouty tophus in zone Ⅰ-Ⅱ flexor pollicis longus tendon was good, and the other 7 patients were excellent. CONCLUSION Free palmaris longus tendon graft reconstruction demonstrates good effectiveness in treating gouty tophus erosion lesions in flexor tendon of wrist and hand.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Adult ; Tendons/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Gout/complications* ; Wrist/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Hand/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of multi-segment inverted Y-shaped vein transplantation using the anterior lateral malleolar venous network for repair of amputated palm injury distal to the superficial palmar arch. METHODS: Between September 2018 and July 2023, 5 patients with amputated palm injury distal to the superficial palmar arch were treated. There were 3 males and 2 females with an average age of 35.4 years (range, 29-52 years). The time from injury to admission was 1-6 hours (mean, 3.2 hours). The multi-segment inverted Y-shaped vein transplantation in the anterior lateral malleolar venous network were used to repair the common and proper palmar digital arteries; the another anterior lateral malleolar venous network was used to repair the dorsal vein of the hand. The soft tissue defect of dorsal hand in 1 patient was repaired with the pedicled ilioinguinal flap, and the wound at the donor site was directly sutured. Postoperative treatment included anti-infection therapy, antispasmodic therapy, and thrombosis prevention measures. RESULTS: The partial necrosis of the fingertip of the thumb occurred in 1 case, and the marginal necrosis of the abdominal flap after operation occurred in 1 case. The remaining fingers showed good blood supply with normal tension. The incision at donor site of the abdominal flap healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 8-41 months (median, 19 months). At last follow-up, the hand contour was satisfactory; the grasping function, opposition function, and proprioception recovered, and two-point discrimination ranged from 5 to 7 mm (mean, 6 mm). According to the upper extremity function evaluation criteria issued by Hand Surgery Society of the Chinese Medical Association, the functional outcomes were excellent in 3 cases, good in 1 case, and fair in 1 case. CONCLUSION The multi-segment inverted Y-shaped vein transplantation using the anterior lateral malleolar venous network for repairing defects in the common and proper palmar digital arteries distal to the superficial palmar arch offers advantages such as superficial location, flexible harvesting, and high compatibility. This technique has demonstrated favorable outcomes in complex transmetacarpal amputation reconstruction.
Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Hand Injuries/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Veins/transplantation* ; Surgical Flaps/blood supply* ; Hand/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery*

Schizophrenia (SZ) stands as a severe psychiatric disorder. This study applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls (NCs) and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features, achieving an accuracy of 73.79% in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs. Beyond mere discrimination, our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis. These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; White Matter/pathology* ; Gene Expression ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Graph Neural Networks

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with complex clinical manifestations, presenting substantial challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Its symptoms and the eight extraordinary meridians are potentially correlated; therefore, this article explores the association between MSA symptom clusters and the eight extraordinary meridians based on their circulation and physiological functions, as well as their treatment strategies. The progression from deficiency to damage in the eight extraordinary meridians aligns with the core pathogenesis of MSA, which is characterized by "the continuous accumulation of impacts from the vital qi deficiency leading to eventual damage". Liver and kidney deficiency and the emptiness of the eight extraordinary meridians are required for the onset of MSA; the stagnation of qi deficiency and the gradual damage to the eight extraordinary meridians are the key stages in the prolonged progression of MSA. The disease often begins with the involvement of the yin and yang qiao mai, governor vessel, thoroughfare vessel, and conception vessel before progressing to multiple meridian involvements, ultimately affecting all eight extraordinary meridians simultaneously. The treatment approach emphasizes that "the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect method will be needed in order to secure victory" and focuses on "eliminate pathogenic factors and reinforce healthy qi". Distinguishing the extraordinary meridians and focusing on the primary symptoms are pivotal to improving efficacy. Clinical treatment is aimed at the target, and tailored treatment based on careful clinical observation ensures precision in targeting the disease using the eight extraordinary meridians as the framework and core symptoms as the specific focus. Additionally, combining acupuncture, daoyin therapy, and other method may help prolong survival. This article classifies clinical manifestations based on the theory of the eight extraordinary meridians and explores treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,which long-term loss of control can lead to complications of blood vessels of heart,renal and other multi-system,and even threaten the patient's life.Monitoring for blood glucose is crucial for adjusting treatment and preventing complications.Traditional invasive glucose monitoring technology requires frequent blood collection,which not only leads to significant pain in patients,but also poses the risk of infection at the puncture site,coupled with the reduced compliance brought about by cumbersome operation,which seriously restricts the effectiveness and continuity of blood glucose management.The non-invasive monitoring technique for blood glucose can enhance frequency of monitoring,and comfort level through optical method,biosensing method,etc.,which has key values in optimizing glycemic control,reducing risk of complications,and decreasing medical cost.It is becoming a hot point of research.This review summarized a noninvasive monitoring technique system included sample analysis method,optical method and physiological process-based method,which analyzed principles,advantages,and limitations of its development of each detection method.The review also concluded the challenges of noninvasive monitoring technique for blood glucose in some aspects included overcoming individual differences,enhancing precision of measurement,and improving accuracy and stability.In addition,it proposed some developing directions of noninvasive monitoring technique in future,such as continuous monitoring equipment with low cost,establishment of standardized database,and individual validation,so as to promote implementation of noninvasive monitoring technique for blood glucose,and realize accurate management for diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with Chikungunya fever.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical data of 91 children with Chikungunya fever at the Department of Pediatrics, Foshan women and Children Hospital between July 2025 and August 2025. The patients were divided into four groups based on onset-age: 0-<1 year, 1-<3 years, 3-<6 years, and 6-14 years. One-way ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to compare the clinical features of children with Chikungunya fever at different ages.Results:Among the 91 children with chikungunya fever, 55 were male and 36 were female, with an onset age of 6 (2, 11) years, age groups comprised 0-<1 year (10 cases), 1-<3 years (13 cases), 3-<6 years (17 cases) and 6-14 years (51 cases). Fever occurred in 87 cases (96%), with 50 cases (57%) had high fever. Skin rash was observed in 89 cases (98%), and 60 cases (67%) had a generalized rash. Joint pain was reported in 57 cases (63%), among which 35 cases (61%) had pain in two or more locations, with the knee involved in 21 cases (37%), the ankle in 15 cases (26%), and the wrist in 6 cases (11%).The knee was the most commonly affected joint 21 cases (37%), followed by the ankle 15 cases (26%) and wrist 6 cases (10%). Joint ultrasound was performed in 31 cases (34%), all showed joint effusion, including 8 cases (26%) without complaints of joint pain. The incidence of high fever was significantly lower in the 3-<6 years and 6-14 years groups compared to the 0-<1 year group (both P<0.05). The 6-14 years group also had a lower incidence of high fever than the 1-<3 years group ( P<0.05). The 1-<3 years group had longer duration of fever than the 3-<6 years and 6-14 years groups (both P<0.05). The incidence of joint pain was higher in the 3-<6 years and 6-14 years groups compared to the 1-<3 years group (both P<0.05), and higher in the 6-14 years group than in the 3-<6 years group ( P=0.007). Among all 91 children, 22 cases (24%) had abnormal liver function, 49 cases (54%) showed elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 2 cases (2%) had elevated creatine kinase. The proportions of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and LDH were higher in the 0-<1 year and 1-<3 years groups compared to the 3-<6 years and 6-14 years groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of children with Chikungunya fever vary among children of different ages. Children in the 0-<3 years are more prone to high fever with longer duration and generalized maculopapular rash, while the children in the 6-14 years have have a higher proportion of joint pain, and joint ultrasound revealed effusion in all examined children. AST and LDH levels are elevated in the 0-<3 years groups.

Optogenetics, a technique for the precise modulation of cellular activity, has unveiled its distinctive application value within ophthalmology. Optogenetics achieves the light-controlled activation or inhibition of retinal cell functions through precise genetic introduction of light-sensitive proteins, paving new avenues for the treatment of irreversible vision impairment. Optogenetics has emerged as an effective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases and optic nerve damage, it has also made substantial contributions to the realm of visual function research. Furthermore, the integration of optogenetics with light-controlled stem cell technology and light-controlled gene editing technology has unveiled its immense potential in clinical translation. With the advancement of technology and the deepening of clinical practice, optogenetics holds broad prospects within ophthalmology and is poised to offer innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with visual impairments.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PaeP).Methods Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)patients who were followed up in the nephrology outpatient department of a hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.According to bacterial culture results,patients were divided into the PaeP group and non-PaeP group.Clinical characteristics of PaeP patients and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed,clinical manifestations,laboratory test results,and prognosis of two groups of patients were compared.Results A total of 124 peritoneal dialysis patients were included in analysis,164 cases of peritoni-tis occurred,16 cases were in the PaeP group and 148 in the non-PaeP group.11 patients developed 16 episodes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection,accounting for 8.9％of PDAP patients.Among them,4 patients had peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site infection,with 5 recurrence cases,1 case cured,1 case died,and 9 cases were extubated.Among the extubated patients,1 withdrew dialysis,3 were recovered to peritoneal dialysis after hemodialysis,5 changed to permanently hemodialysis,with a technical failure rate of 54.5％.Compared with the non-PaeP group,patients in the PaeP group had a shorter dialysis time(13.83±4.92 vs 38.53±35.77 months).During the infection period,C-reactive protein levels were higher(96.61±6.17 vs 45.87±44.65 mg/L),while albumin levels were lower(25.62±4.42 vs 29.46±8.25 g/L).At the onset of infection,the proportion of polymorphonuclear cells in perito-neal dialysis fluid was relatively higher.On the 5th day of treatment,the negative conversion rate of white blood cell count in peritoneal dialysis fluid was relatively low.Differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The cure rate of patients in the PaeP group was lower than that in the non-PaeP group,the technical failure rate was higher than that in the non-PaeP group,both with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion PaeP patients have severe clinical manifestations,poor clinical treatment prognosis,high recurrence and extubation rates.For patients with repeated episodes,resetting and replacing the tunnel after extubation is an effective means to re-duce technical failures.