Objective To analyse the clinical efficiency of endolymphatic sac surgery (ESS) in the management of Meniere’s disease (MD). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 274 patients with MD who were hospitalized for treatment in Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2009 to August 2023. All patients received lifestyle management and drug treatment such as diuretics. For those whose conditions were not well controlled 3 to 6 months after the initial treatment, intratympanic glucocorticoid (ITG) or ESS treatment was carried out. Six months after the treatment, the classes of vertigo relief and hearing changes in the patients were evaluated. After adjusting the confounding factors through propensity score matching (PSM), the impact of ESS on the prognosis of MD patients was evaluated. Results Among 274 patients, 194 and 80 patients underwent ITG and ESS, respectively. Eighty patients were enrolled into each group after PSM. Before and after PSM, the rate of patients reaching vertigo relief class A in ESS group was higher than that in the ITG group (P＝0.004); there was no significant difference in hearing preservation between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that vertigo relief in the ESS group was better than that in the ITG group (P=0.029); there was no statistically significant difference in hearing preservation between the two groups. Conclusion When the initial treatment for patients with MD is ineffective, choosing ESS is more beneficial than ITG for controlling vertigo.

[摘 要] 目的：利用单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）解析结直肠癌（CRC）肿瘤微环境（TME）中B细胞的异质性特征，为基于B细胞的预后评估与免疫治疗提供理论依据。方法：采集原发CRC患者的新鲜手术切除样本（n = 36），进行scRNA-seq。采用Seurat（v5.0）进行细胞分群，Monocle3（v1.3）和scVelo（v0.3.0）分析细胞分化轨迹，GSEA识别功能通路，pySCENIC（v0.11.2）构建基因调控网络。结果：识别B细胞（24 652个）和浆细胞（49 138个）共11个功能亚型。拟时序分析显示B细胞从初始态向组织驻留态分化。应激适应性B细胞在肿瘤中富集（10.39%），其NOD样受体信号和抗原提呈通路显著激活。组织驻留性B细胞在肿瘤中占9.09%，其C型凝集素信号和内吞作用增强。迁移性B细胞在TNM Ⅱ期组织中比例最低（16.42%），氧化磷酸化等代谢通路显著富集。浆细胞呈终末分化状态，肿瘤中以IgG型为主（20.68%）。结论：应激适应性和组织驻留性B细胞可能促进肿瘤免疫逃逸，迁移性B细胞或具抗肿瘤潜力；同时，IgG型浆细胞可能与免疫抑制有关。

Objective To explore the effect of omeprazole combined with different probiotics on regulating intestinal flora in reducing functional dyspepsia(FD)in children.Methods Two hundreds children with FD admitted to the Pediatric Department of Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2022 to February 2023 were se-lected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into omeprazde(omep)group,groups of omeprazole+yeast(yeast group),+clostridium butyricum(clos group),and+bifidobacterium(bifi group)respectively.Results After treatment,serum level of IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,hs-CRP,VIP,SS,Enterobacter and Enterococcus in all groups significantly decreased as compared with the finding before treatment(P<0.05).Those targets in the three combined treatment groups were significantly lower compared to the ome group;After treatment,the serum MOT level,bifidobacteria,and lactobacilli in each group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the results from three combined treatment groups demonstrated notably higher levels compared to the omep group(P<0.05);The scores of symptoms in all groups showed a significant alleviation after the treatment(P<0.05).Additionally,the three combined treatment groups exhibited significantly lower symptom scores than the group treated with omeprazole alone(P<0.05).There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment among the groups.Conclusions Omeprazole combined with different probiotics have achieved good results in the treatment of FD in children.

BACKGROUND:Icariin,with antiinflammatory,antioxygenatory and immunoregulatory effects,can be a potential drug for preventing and treating acute liver injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of icariin in mice with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. METHODS:Thirty-two Kunming mice were equally and randomly divided into the following groups:normal,model,low-dose icariin and high-dose icariin groups.The low-and high-dose icariin groups were continuously gavaged with icariin(100 and 200 mg/kg,respectively)once a day for 7 continuous days.The normal group and model group were injected with physiological saline(10 mL/kg)at the same time point.After the last administration,all the groups except for the normal group were injected with carbon tetrachloride to induce acute liver injury.The mice were killed 24 hours later,and the liver index was detected.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were detected by automated biochemical analysis.Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 levels in serum were detected using ELISA.The levels of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in liver tissue were detected through a reagent kit.The histopathology changes of the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis in hepatocytes.Western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa,endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein(C/-EBP homologous protein),mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and Caspase-3 in liver tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group,the liver index and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were increased in the model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indexes were decreased in the low-dose and high-dose icariin groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver tissue of mice were decreased in the model group(P＜0.05)and the level of malondialdehyde was increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were increased in the low-and high-dose icariin groups(P＜0.05)and the level of malondialdehyde was decreased(P＜0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining showed that mice in the model group had severe structural destruction of liver tissue,extensive necrosis of hepatocytes and high apoptotic rate of hepatocytes,while the structural destruction of liver tissue and the area of necrosis of hepatocytes in the low-and high-dose icariin groups were significantly milder than those in the model group,and the apoptotic rate of hepatocytes was lower than that in the model group(P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa,C/-EBP homologous protein,mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and Caspase-3 in liver tissue of mice in the model group was increased compared with that in the normal group(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of these proteins in liver tissue of mice were significantly reduced after low-and high-dose icariin intervention(P＜0.05).To conclude,icariin can produce a protective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and reduction of programmed necrosis.

Objective:To explore the effect of free transplantation of composite tissue flap from the anterior lateral aspect of the femur in repairing head skin defects with artificial dural exposure infection.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 13 patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from April 2018 to August 2020 with craniotomy complications, including craniotomy skin and soft tissue defects combined with artificial dural exposure and infection. After preoperative anti infection treatment, the neurosurgery department participated in debridement and removed the artificial dura mater as much as possible during the operation. A composite tissue flap carrying the fascia lata was designed for the anterior lateral aspect of the thigh, and the flap artery and vein were anastomosed with the superficial temporal artery and superficial temporal vein/middle temporal vein respectively. The defect of the dura mater was repaired with the fascia lata with blood supply. The flap was used to seal the wound, and the donor site was directly sutured or transplanted with autologous medium thick skin graft. The postoperative blood supply and survival of the flap, the presence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and the healing of the donor site were observed; The observation of dural integrity and postoperative effects of skull reconstruction using cranial magnetic resonance imaging was followed up.Results:Among the 13 patients in this group, 11 patients had their artificial dura mater completely removed, while 2 patients were not completely removed due to severe adhesion. Among them, 1 patient had a residual area of 0.8 cm×1 cm, and the other had 3 residual areas, with a maximum area of 0.5 cm×0.7 cm; All transplanted skin flaps survived, with 12 cases achieving primary healing and 1 case of partial wound rupture after suture removal, which healed after conservative dressing change; All patients had no cerebrospinal fluid leakage; There was one case of partial necrosis of the graft in the donor site, which healed after supplementing the graft; Thirteen patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging at 3-6 months postoperatively, all of which showed intact dura mater; Among them, 8 patients have completed skull reconstruction surgery, and all of them have healed well after reconstruction, with a good appearance of the surgical area.Conclusions:For wounds with head skin defects and exposed artificial dura mater infection, free transplantation of the anterior lateral composite tissue flap carrying the fascia lata can effectively cover the wound and repair the dura mater defect, achieve good function and appearance, and create favorable conditions for later skull reconstruction.

Background::Breast cancer (BC) risk-stratification tools for Asian women that are highly accurate and can provide improved interpretation ability are lacking. We aimed to develop risk-stratification models to predict long- and short-term BC risk among Chinese women and to simultaneously rank potential non-experimental risk factors.Methods::The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women, a large ongoing prospective dynamic cohort study, includes 122,058 women aged 25-70 years old from the eastern part of China. We developed multiple machine-learning risk prediction models using parametric models (penalized logistic regression, bootstrap, and ensemble learning), which were the short-term ensemble penalized logistic regression (EPLR) risk prediction model and the ensemble penalized long-term (EPLT) risk prediction model to estimate BC risk. The models were assessed based on calibration and discrimination, and following this assessment, they were externally validated in new study participants from 2017 to 2020.Results::The AUC values of the short-term EPLR risk prediction model were 0.800 for the internal validation and 0.751 for the external validation set. For the long-term EPLT risk prediction model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.692 and 0.760 in internal and external validations, respectively. The net reclassification improvement index of the EPLT relative to the Gail and the Han Chinese Breast Cancer Prediction Model (HCBCP) models for external validation was 0.193 and 0.233, respectively, indicating that the EPLT model has higher classification accuracy.Conclusions::We developed the EPLR and EPLT models to screen populations with a high risk of developing BC. These can serve as useful tools to aid in risk-stratified screening and BC prevention.

Objective To investigate the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)and lower extremity vascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 T2DM patients admitted in our department from January 2013 to January 2024.According to the diagnostic criteria for lower extremity vascular disease in T2DM patients,they were divided into a lower extremity vascular disease group (n=158)and a control group (n=232).General data and results of laboratory tests were compared between the 2 groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify the related factors for lower extremity vascular diseases in T2DM patients.The correlation between SII and lower extremity vascular diseases in T2DM patients was analyzed using the Row Mean Scores and Cochran-Armitage Trend analysis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors for lower limb vascular lesions in T2DM patients.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SII for lower extremity vascular disease in the patients.Results Compared with T2DMpatients without lower extremity vascular disease,those with lower extremity vascular disease were older,had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),SII,larger proportion of carotid vascular lesions,and increased proportion of no-taking statins.The lower extremity vascular disease in T2DM patients was positively correlated with SII/100 (r=0.429,P<0.001),age (r=0.517,P<0.001),TC (r=0.161,P=0.001),LDL-C (r=0.117,P=0.021),carotid artery lesions (r=0.101,P=0.047),no-taking statins (r=0.266,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that SII,age,LDL-C,and no-taking statins were the risk factors for lower extremity vascular lesions in T2DM patients (P<0.01).The area under the curve (AUC)value of SII combined with age,LDL-C,and no-taking statins in predicting lower extremity vascular disease in T2DM patients was 0.896.Conclusion SII is not only a risk factor,but also a simple marker for lower extremity vascular disease in T2DM patients,suggesting that inflammatory response plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lower extremity vascular disease in T2DM.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect and safety of extended debridement combined with BAM bone-induced artificial bone repair in the treatment of Cierny-Mader type IV osteomyelitis.Methods:From January 2021 to December 2022, 106 patients with Cierny-Mader type IV osteomyelitis who were treated with allogeneic bone mixed with autologous bone in department of orthopedics of Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital were retrospectively selected as the study subjects. Among them, 54 patients who were combined with BAM bone-induced artificial bone mixed with autologous bone repair were included in observation group, and 52 patients who only received allogeneic bone mixed with autologous bone repair were enrolled as control group. The clinical related indicators (bone healing time, fracture healing time), clinical efficacy (Johner-Wruh tibial shaft fracture evaluation standard) at 1 year after surgery, inflammatory factors (white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin), limb function (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AH)) and bone healing degree before surgery and at 1 year after surgery were compared between both groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the enumeration data between groups, and the independent sample t test was performed to compare the measurement data with normal distribution between groups.Results:At 1 year after surgery, the clinical healing indicators of bone healing time and fracture healing time and inflammatory factors such as WBC, ESR, CRP and procalcitonin with (21.19±2.16) weeks, (11.35±1.01) weeks, (6.15±0.73)×10 9/L, (9.10±1.05) mm/h, (8.09±1.11) mg/L and (0.05±0.01) μg/L in observation group were significantly shorter or lower than (24.32±2.39) weeks, (12.29±1.27) weeks, (7.86±0.89)×10 9/L, (10.10±1.32) mm/h, (9.26±1.23) mg/L and (0.08±0.01) μg/L in control group,and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 7.08, 4.23, 10.83, 4.33, 5.15, and 15.44, respectively; all P<0.001). The clinical effective rate (85.19%(46/54)), AOFAS-AH score((84.83±12.17) points) and bone healing probability (94.44%(51/54)) were higher than (67.31%(35/52)), (79.17±11.25) points and 80.77% (42/52) in control group,with statistically significant differences (statistical values were χ2=4.70, t=2.48, and χ2=4.60, respectively; P values were 0.030, 0.015, and 0.032, respectively). Conclusion:Expanded debridement combined with BAM bone-induced artificial bone repair can effectively promote the bone tissue healing in patients with Cierny-Mader type IV osteomyelitis, relieve the inflammatory response, and improve the limb function, and it has good clinical efficacy and high safety.

Objective To construct a deep learning-based artificial intelligence model to automatically quantify left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using static views of echocardiography. Methods The study included data of 1, 902 adults with left ventricular multi-slice echocardiographic views at end-systole and end-diastole. The collected dataset was divided into development set (1, 610 cases, with 1, 252 cases for model training and 358 cases for parameter adjustment), internal test set (177 cases for internal validation), and external test set (115 cases for external validation and generalization testing). The model achieved left ventricular segmentation and automatic quantification of LVEF through precise identification of the left ventricular endocardial boundary and inspection of key points. The Dice coefficient was employed to evaluate the performance of the left ventricular segmentation model, while the Pearson correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to assess the correlation and consistency between the automatically measured LVEF and the reference standard. Results The left ventricular segmentation model performed well, with Dice coefficients ≥ 0.90 for both the internal and external independent test sets; the agreement between the automatically measured LVEF and the cardiologists' manual measurements was moderate, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.46 to 0.71 and intragroup correlation analysis agreements from 0.39 to 0.57 for the internal test set; and Pearson correlation coefficients for the independent external test set were 0.26 to 0.54 and intra-group correlation analysis agreement of 0.23 to 0.50. Conclusion In this study, a left ventricular segmentation model with better performance is constructed, and initial application of the model for automatic quantification of LVEF for two-dimensional echocardiography has general performance, which requires further optimisation of the algorithm to improve the model generalisation.

Objective: To explore the influence of two voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) services on young students acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) related knowledge and behaviour, so as to provide a new idea for further improvement and promotion of VCT services. Methods: From April 2017 to December 2018, the sample size,selected from 12 patrol and fixed monitoring sites in colleges in Guangzhou, was calculated by non inferiority trial, and the students who received services at the same period were 1∶1 matched. A total of 113 students received conventional VCT and 186 recerived peer VCT services. The Chi square test was used to analyse the difference of AIDS related knowledge and behavior before and after intervention, and a survey was conducted on satisfaction. Results: After young students received conventional VCT services, the overall awareness rate of AIDS basic knowledge increased from 80.53% to 93.75%, and the frequency of condom use every time during heterosexual sexual activity in the past year increased by 29.17 percentage points ( χ 2=4.49,4.10, P <0.05). After young students received peer VCT services, the awareness rate of the Four Frees and One Care Policy increased from 34.95% to 58.26%, the rates of homosexual anal sex and more than or equal to 2 sexual partners in the past half a year decreased by 14.84 and 29.43 percentage points, respectively( χ 2=15.69, 4.82, 10.97, P <0.05). Conclusion After young students receive two modes of VCT services respectively, the AIDS related knowledge and behavior have been improved, and the influence of the two VCT services has different advantages. The combination of conventional VCT and peer education might be a more effective way of AIDS intervention.