Health behavior motivation significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Assessing the level of health behavior motivation can measure the health behavior of individuals,help to promote the participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation,reduce the readmission rate of patients,and promote patients'healthy lifestyles.This article reviews the content,characteristics and application of assessment tools for health behavior motivation of patients with cardiovascular diseases at home and abroad,with the aim of providing references for the development and application of such tools in China,and offering a basis for scientifically assessing their health behavior motivation level and formulating effective strategies to promote health behavior motivation.

The number of patients with chronic diseases in China has been increasing year by year,followed by the increase of treatment burden.It is particularly important to effectively evaluate the treatment burden of patients with chronic diseases.This paper reviews the main contents,application scope,advantages and disadvantages of the assessment tools for the treatment burden of patients with chronic diseases at home and abroad,so as to provide references and basis for medical staff to reasonably select assessment tools and conduct relevant clinical research.

Objective: To investigate the effects of “Three Methods and Three Acupoints” (TMTP) Tuina therapy on spinal microcirculation in sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Methods: Thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal, sham operation, model, and TMTP Tuina. Successful model induction was confirmed by observable hind limb lameness. After 20 sessions, hind limb grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were measured at baseline and following the 10th and 20th intervention. CD31 and α-SMA in the ventral horn of SNI model rats were detected using immunofluorescence. Motor neurons in the ventral horn were detected by Nissl staining. PTEN levels in the ventral horn were measured by ELISA, and PI3K, Akt, BDNF, VEGF, and HIF-1α expression was determined by RT-PCR. Spinal cord microcirculation was evaluated by western blotting analysis of the levels of Akt, p-Akt, BDNF, and VEGF. Results: Hind limb grip strength and MNCV significantly improved in the TMTP Tuina group compared to the model group (both P < .001). Morphology of ventral horn motor neurons in the TMTP Tuina group improved compared to the model group, with increased expressions of α-SMA (P = .002) and CD31 (P = .006). Western blot analysis indicated increased expression of VEGF (P = .005), p-Akt (P < .001), and BDNF (P = .008) in the ventral horn following Tuina treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of PI3K, Akt, BDNF, VEGF and HIF-1α (all P < .05). In contrast, expression of PTEN decreased compared to the model group (P < .001). Conclusion TMTP Tuina therapy may restore motor function in rats, enhance ventral horn motor neuron morphology, and promote angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. The mechanism may involve the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effects of area of the posterior malleolus fracture and injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on functional recovery of the ankle joint in Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 47 patients with Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2016 to January 2022. There were 22 males and 25 females with an age of (46.0±15.6) years. All patients were treated by open reduction and closed reduction. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships respectively between the American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores at the last follow-up and the preoperative proportion of posterior ankle fracture area, and the anterior and posterior tibiofibular distances.Results:All patients were followed up for (17.2±0.6) months after surgery. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the proportion of posterior ankle fracture area ( P=0.160) and the posterior tibiofibular distance ( P=0.078) were significantly correlated with the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up. There was no significant correlation between the anterior tibiofibular distance and the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up ( P=0.689). The multiple regression analysis showed that the proportion of posterior ankle fracture area ( P=0.043) and the posterior tibiofibular distance ( P=0.022) had significant negative effects on the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up. Conclusions:In Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fractures, the proportion of posterior ankle fracture area and the posterior tibiofibular distance are important predictors for postoperative functional recovery of the ankle. Therefore, in Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fractures, surgical indications for the posterior malleolar fracture depend not only on the size of the fracture, but also on whether the fracture involves the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis.

This article summarized the current status and challenges of manipulation therapy for musculoskeletal pain and its placebo effect in clinical trials, analyzing the impact of the placebo effect on the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. The efficacy of different manual manipulation techniques remains uncertain, and the degree of blinding and patient expectations play a crucial role in efficacy assessment. The article suggested improving trial design through standardized placebo intervention design, comprehensive investigation of patient expectations and psychological states, rigorous training of practitioners, and optimized diagnostic and treatment scenarios and doctor-patient relationship, to ensure consistency between intervention and placebo groups. Specific measures include the application of the DITTO (Deconstruct, Identify, Take out, Think, Optimize) framework, the use of standardized questionnaire tools, and multi-center, large-sample randomized controlled trials to enhance the external validity and statistical power of research results, thereby providing more scientifically reliable evidence for clinical practice.

Health behavior motivation significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Assessing the level of health behavior motivation can measure the health behavior of individuals,help to promote the participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation,reduce the readmission rate of patients,and promote patients'healthy lifestyles.This article reviews the content,characteristics and application of assessment tools for health behavior motivation of patients with cardiovascular diseases at home and abroad,with the aim of providing references for the development and application of such tools in China,and offering a basis for scientifically assessing their health behavior motivation level and formulating effective strategies to promote health behavior motivation.

The number of patients with chronic diseases in China has been increasing year by year,followed by the increase of treatment burden.It is particularly important to effectively evaluate the treatment burden of patients with chronic diseases.This paper reviews the main contents,application scope,advantages and disadvantages of the assessment tools for the treatment burden of patients with chronic diseases at home and abroad,so as to provide references and basis for medical staff to reasonably select assessment tools and conduct relevant clinical research.

Objective:To investigate the effects of area of the posterior malleolus fracture and injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on functional recovery of the ankle joint in Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 47 patients with Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2016 to January 2022. There were 22 males and 25 females with an age of (46.0±15.6) years. All patients were treated by open reduction and closed reduction. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships respectively between the American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores at the last follow-up and the preoperative proportion of posterior ankle fracture area, and the anterior and posterior tibiofibular distances.Results:All patients were followed up for (17.2±0.6) months after surgery. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the proportion of posterior ankle fracture area ( P=0.160) and the posterior tibiofibular distance ( P=0.078) were significantly correlated with the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up. There was no significant correlation between the anterior tibiofibular distance and the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up ( P=0.689). The multiple regression analysis showed that the proportion of posterior ankle fracture area ( P=0.043) and the posterior tibiofibular distance ( P=0.022) had significant negative effects on the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up. Conclusions:In Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fractures, the proportion of posterior ankle fracture area and the posterior tibiofibular distance are important predictors for postoperative functional recovery of the ankle. Therefore, in Bartoní?ek type 2 ankle fractures, surgical indications for the posterior malleolar fracture depend not only on the size of the fracture, but also on whether the fracture involves the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis.

The main types of bone tissue cells include osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and osteocytes,which work together with the extracellular matrix to maintain the structural integrity and functionality of the bone.Osteoclasts are specifically responsible for bone resorption,degrading the bone matrix through the release of acidic substances and proteolytic enzymes.Osteoclasts coordinate with osteoblasts to maintain bone homeostasis.An increased number of osteoclasts leads to an increased bone resorption,which can cause osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases;deficiency in osteoclast generation can lead to a weakened bone resorption and related diseases,such as osteopetrosis.Therefore,a precise regulation of osteoclast function plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of bone homeostasis.Previous studies have mostly explained and elaborated on the regulation of osteoclasts by various biological factors from a bio-chemical perspective.However,more and more studies have confirmed that mechanical stimulation plays an important role in the differentiation process of osteoclasts.This review focuses on the impact of mechanical stimulation on osteoclast differentiation,discusses the possible roles it may play,and explores the new discoveries and future development in this field.

Objective By observing the effects of"three methods and three points"tuina technique on the expression of interleukin-17F(IL-17F),interleukin-17 receptor C(IL-17RC),activator 1 of nuclear transcription factor-κB(Act1),tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)and M1 microglial cell expression in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with mild chronic compressive injury(minor CCI)model,we explored the immediate analgesic mechanism of tuina on peripheral neuropathic pain(pNP).Methods Thirty-six SD rats were divided into the sham group,the model group and the tuina group according to the random number method,twelve rats in each group,and the minor CCI model was replicated by ligating the right sciatic nerve.The rats in the tuina group were subjected to pointing,plucking and kneading at the BL37,BL57 and GB34 points on the affected side using a tuina simulator,while the sham group and the model group were only grasped and restrained,and were intervened for one time.The mechanical pain test and cold plate test were used to evaluate the response of rats to mechanical stimulation and cold stimulation after immediate intervention.The protein expression of IL-17F and TRAF6 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in each group was detected by Western blotting.The mRNA expression of IL-17F,IL-17RC,Act1 and TRAF6 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in each group was detected by real-time PCR.The average fluorescence intensity of M1 microglia in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in each group was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Behavioral results showed that before intervention,compared with the sham group,paw mechanical withdraw threshold(PMWT)decreased and cold sensitivity threshold(CST)increased in the model group and the tuina group;after tuina intervention,PMWT in the tuina group was increased,and CST was decreased compared with the model group;after intervention,PMWT in the tuina group was increased,while CST was decreased(P＜0.05).RT-PCR results showed that compared with the sham group,mRNA expression levels of IL-17F,IL-17RC,TRAF6 and Act1 in the spinal dorsal horn of the model group were increased;compared with model group,the mRNA expression levels of above indexes in the tuina group were decreased(P＜0.05).Western boltting results showed that compared with the sham group,the expression levels of IL-17F and TRAF6 protein in the spinal dorsal horn of the model group were increased;compared with the model group,the expression levels of IL-17F and TRAF6 protein in the tuina group decreased(P＜O.05).Immunofluorescence results showed that the mean fluorescence intensity of CD40 in the spinal dorsal horn of model group was enhanced compared with the sham group;compared with the model group,the mean fluorescence intensity of CD40 in the tuina group was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The"three methods and three points"tuina technique can produce immediate analgesia by inhibiting the expression of IL-17F,IL-17RC,Act1,TRAF6 and the activation of M1 microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after one intervention.