ObjectiveTo investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) among preschool children (aged 3‒6 years) and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination, and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region. MethodsAs part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program, blood samples were collected during health check-ups. Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children, while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children. The anti-HBs levels in blood (positive + / negative -) were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits (latex method). The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed. ResultsBetween April 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023, a total of 52 919 individuals were surveyed, including 11 973 preschool children and 40 946 primary and secondary school students. The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%, with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children (60.20%). Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate (P<0.001). No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed. The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with statistically significant differences across school grade groups (primary grades 1‒3, grades 4‒6, middle school, and high school) (P<0.001). ConclusionThe anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children. Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the incidence, imaging characteristics, and clinical manifestations of the eruption failure of deciduous molars using panoramic radiographs to provide a foundation for diagnosis and treatment in this population. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed panoramic radiographs of children aged 4-8 years obtained from Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2021 and December 2023. A total of 31 331 subjects were included for the radiographic assessment of the tooth eruption failure of deciduous molars. Incidence, radiographic characteristics, and associated complications were documented. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS: The incidence of the eruption failure of deciduous molars among children aged 4-8 years was 0.94% (296/31 331). The rate was 1.55 times higher in females than in males, demonstrating a significant gender difference (P<0.001). Among the affected deciduous molars, mandibular first deciduous molars accounted for 76.4%, followed by the mandibular second deciduous molars (13.8%), and the maxillary deciduous molars collectively comprised 9.8%. The severity of eruption disorders was significantly associated with the mesial and distal tilting of adjacent teeth and elongation of the antagonist (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the eruption failure of deciduous molars in children aged 4-8 years was 0.94%, with a high prevalence in females and a predilection for the mandible, particularly the mandibular first deciduous molar. For deciduous molars with severe eruption failure, early intervention is crucial to mitigate complications such as malocclusion and space loss.
Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Tooth, Deciduous/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Molar/physiopathology* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth Eruption ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Incidence

Healthy dental pulp is essential for preserving teeth and maintaining their normal function. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is widely used in clinical applications because it aims to preserve vital pulp and enhance the long-term survival of teeth. An accurate diagnosis of pulp vitality is a prerequisite for successful VPT. However, accurately assessing pulp viability remains challenging in clinical practice. Pulp viability is influenced by various factors, including the type of pulp exposure, caries status, periodontitis, trauma, treatment factors, patient age, and individual differences. Assessing pulp viability requires a comprehensive consideration of medical history and clinical manifestations, along with a combination of various auxiliary methods, such as pulp sensibility tests, pulp blood flow tests, imaging techniques and molecular diagnostics. In the future, the technology for assessing pulp vitality should evolve toward chairside, visualization, and precision techniques, to achieve consistency between clinical and histological diagnoses, thereby providing patients with the most effective treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Neiguan(PC6)combined with Buyang Huanwu Decoction on myocardial edema-related proteins and its cardioprotective role in mice with acute high-altitude hypoxic myocardial injury,and to explore the potential mechanisms by which this combined therapy ameliorates acute hypoxic myocardial damage.Methods Mice were randomly divided into control,hypoxia model,electroacupuncture at Neiguan,Buyang Huanwu Decoction,and electroacupuncture at Neiguan+Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups.Except for the normal control group,all other groups were subjected to the establishment of an acute high-altitude hypoxia-induced myocardial injury model.Four days before entering the low-pressure hypoxia animal simulation chamber,the electroacupuncture at Neiguan group was treated with bilateral electroacupuncture at Neiguan,the Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was treated with Buyang Huanwu Decoction by gavage,and the electroacupuncture at Neiguan+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was treated with a combination of electroacupuncture at Neiguan and Buyang Huanwu Decoction.The intervention lasted for 7 days.The normal control group and the hypoxia model group were handled normally without any other treatment.Myocardial pathology and ultrastructure were evaluated using HE staining and transmission electron microscopy.Serum levels of creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and cardiac troponin I(cTn-I)were measured by ELISA.Western blot was performed to quantify β1-AR,cAMP,PKA,and AQP1 protein expression.Results Compared with normal control group,the hypoxia model group exhibited significant myocardial damage,elevated cardiac biomarkers,and upregulated β1-AR/cAMP/PKA pathway proteins with increased AQP1 expression(all P<0.01).The electroacupuncture at Neiguan+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group demonstrated attenuated myocardial injury,reduced biomarker levels,and downregulated target proteins(all P<0.01)versus the hypoxia model group.Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Neiguan combined with Buyang Huanwu Decoction alleviates myocardial edema and injury in acute hypobaric hypoxia by reducing vascular permeability,potentially via suppression of the β1-AR/cAMP/PKA pathway and subsequent inhibition of AQP1 expression.

Objective To explore the effect of combining case-based teaching method with micro teaching method in the teaching of rehabilitation nurses.Methods A total of 60 students from the rehabilitation department of a hospital were selected from January 2021 to December 2022 and divided into control group and observation group by drawing lots,with 30 cases in each group.The control group adopted the traditional teaching and case teaching mode,and the observation group adopted the Semi-nar-case teaching mode and microteaching mode.The results of operation examination,basic theory and independent learning a-bility were compared between the two groups.Results After two months of study,the observation group had higher scores in the operation exam and basic theory than the control group(P＜0.05);The observation group scored higher in self-directed learning ability than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of case teaching method and microteaching method in the teaching process of rehabilitation nurses is conducive to the students'learning of clinical theoretical knowledge and practical operation,and improving their self-learning ability in the learning process.

Objective To explore the effect of combining case-based teaching method with micro teaching method in the teaching of rehabilitation nurses.Methods A total of 60 students from the rehabilitation department of a hospital were selected from January 2021 to December 2022 and divided into control group and observation group by drawing lots,with 30 cases in each group.The control group adopted the traditional teaching and case teaching mode,and the observation group adopted the Semi-nar-case teaching mode and microteaching mode.The results of operation examination,basic theory and independent learning a-bility were compared between the two groups.Results After two months of study,the observation group had higher scores in the operation exam and basic theory than the control group(P＜0.05);The observation group scored higher in self-directed learning ability than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of case teaching method and microteaching method in the teaching process of rehabilitation nurses is conducive to the students'learning of clinical theoretical knowledge and practical operation,and improving their self-learning ability in the learning process.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between health literacy and sports injuries among high school students with athletic specialization, so as to provide theoretical basis for the intervention of sports injury occurrence of sports special students. Methods: A total of 443 high school students with athletic specialization aged 16-18 years old from 21 urban and rural areas in Shangrao City, Ganzhou City and Nanchang City of Jiangxi Province were selected by convenient sampling method from March to April 2023, and the health literacy and sports injury incidence were investigated. The assessment of sports injury was based on the Monitoring Method of Child and Adolescent Injury, and the assessment of health literacy level was conducted using the Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire of Chinese Adolescents. χ 2 test was used to compare the reported rate of sports injuries among the demographic and sports training groups and the correlation between health literacy and sports injuries. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to infer the correlation between the health literacy level of high school students with athletic specialization and the occurrence of sports injuries. Results: The prevalence of sports injury was 49.4% in high school students with athletic specialization. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of sports injury of high school students with athletic specialization with medium and low level of health literacy was significantly increased compared with high level (medium level: OR = 1.98,95% CI =1.12-3.51; low level: OR =2.08, 95% CI =1.18-3.68), high school students with athletic specialization in low level of health awareness of sports injury risk was higher than other dimensions of health literacy level (middle level: OR =2.77, 95% CI =1.48-5.19; low level: OR =2.01, 95% CI =1.04-3.88)( P <0.05). The results of stratified analysis showed that among male students with athletic specialization and students with track and field, students with moderate/low overall health literacy had a higher risk of sports injuries compared to high level students (male students: low level, OR =2.46, 95% CI =1.15-5.28; track and field: intermediate level, OR =2.17, 95% CI =1.06-4.43, low level, OR =2.09, 95% CI =1.02-4.30; P <0.05). Conclusions There is a correlation between the health literacy level of high school students with athletic specialization and the occurrence of sports injuries. Students health awareness should be improved to reduce the risk of sports injuries.

Objective: To investigate the association between consumption of milk tea beverages and other sugary beverages with insomnia symptoms among college students, so as to the provide reference for promoting sleep quality among college students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 15 440 college students from seven universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi Province, Hubei Province, and Shanxi Province. A self developed questionnaire and the Insomnia Severity Index were used to assess milk tea beverage consumption, other sugary beverages and insomnia symptoms. Univariate analysis of insomnia symptoms among college students was performed using Chi square tests and Cochran-Armitage trend χ 2 tests. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted for the association between milk tea and other sugary beverage consumption with insomnia symptoms. Results: The detection rates of insomnia symptoms among college students was 40.83%. The frequency of consumption of different milk tea and various sugary drinks (juice, tea, milk, sodas,yogurt, functional drinks, coffee) per week was related to the detection trend rate of insomnia symptoms of college students ( χ 2 trend =38.38, 47.66, 74.16, 32.44, 65.78 , 38.71, 35.94, 91.59, P < 0.01 ). Multivariate analysis indicated that compared to individuals with no milk tea consumption, college students engaging in milk tea consumption had a significantly increased risk of insomnia symptoms ( OR =1.24, P <0.05). Students consuming milk tea at low to moderate frequencies (1-3, 4-5 times per week) showed a higher risk of insomnia symptoms compared to those with no consumption ( OR =1.20, 1.54, P <0.05). Furthermore, higher levels of milk tea consumption were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms (1 501-2 999 mL, OR =1.22; ≥3 000 mL, OR =1.36), and the consumption of other sugary beverages were also associated with insomnia symptoms of college students ( OR =1.10-1.55) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There is a relationship between consumption of milk tea beverage other sugary beverages with insomnia symptoms among college students. Colleges should regularly conduct dietary health education seminars to improve sleep quality among college students.

The timely treatment of dental caries and pulp disease in primary teeth holds significant importance for maintaining children's oral health.Direct pulp capping(DPC)is a vital pulp treatment that involves covering the ex-posed pulp with bioactive materials to promote dentin bridge formation.DPC is commonly used in primary teeth with vi-tal pulp and mechanical pulp exposure not exceeding 1 mm.DPC offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness,com-fort,simplicity of operation and short chair-side time,making it suitable for pediatric dental clinical practice.Early stud-ies suggested negative treatment outcomes for DPC in primary teeth with carious pulp exposure.Over the years,there have been advancements in materials and technology demonstrating positive outcomes in the clinical research of prima-ry teeth with deep caries.However,due to the limited quality of related studies,DPC has not been widely recommended for the treatment of primary teeth with carious pulp exposure,and its widespread use needs further support by more high-quality evidence-based medical research.The success rate of DPC in primary teeth is influenced by factors including pulp status,clinical operations(such as isolation and caries removal),pulp capping material,cavity type,tooth position,coronal sealing,and dental fear.In clinical operation,dentists should accurately assess pulp status and minimize bacte-rial contamination.Mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)is a DPC agent with relatively sufficient evidence and good thera-peutic effects,and the crown should be tightly sealed after pulp capping.Additionally,the effects of novel biocompati-ble materials such as iRoot BP Plus used in DPC of primary teeth,and the influence of other factors like hemostatic methods on the prognosis of affected teeth,need further exploration.

The timely treatment of dental caries and pulp disease in primary teeth holds significant importance for maintaining children's oral health. Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a vital pulp treatment that involves covering the exposed pulp with bioactive materials to promote dentin bridge formation. DPC is commonly used in primary teeth with vital pulp and mechanical pulp exposure not exceeding 1 mm. DPC offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, comfort, simplicity of operation and short chair-side time, making it suitable for pediatric dental clinical practice. Early studies suggested negative treatment outcomes for DPC in primary teeth with carious pulp exposure. Over the years, there have been advancements in materials and technology demonstrating positive outcomes in the clinical research of primary teeth with deep caries. However, due to the limited quality of related studies, DPC has not been widely recommended for the treatment of primary teeth with carious pulp exposure, and its widespread use needs further support by more high-quality evidence-based medical research. The success rate of DPC in primary teeth is influenced by factors including pulp status, clinical operations (such as isolation and caries removal), pulp capping material, cavity type, tooth position, coronal sealing, and dental fear. In clinical operation, dentists should accurately assess pulp status and minimize bacterial contamination. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a DPC agent with relatively sufficient evidence and good therapeutic effects, and the crown should be tightly sealed after pulp capping. Additionally, the effects of novel biocompatible materials such as iRoot BP Plus used in DPC of primary teeth, and the influence of other factors like hemostatic methods on the prognosis of affected teeth, need further exploration.