Objective:To investigate the effects of silicon photomutipliers (SiPM) detector and Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm on semiquantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT and diagnostic efficiency for solitary pulmonary nodules/masses compared with traditional photomultiplier tube (PMT) and ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM). Methods:From March 2020 to January 2022, 118 patients (76 males, 42 females, age (63.0±10.1) years) newly diagnosed with solitary pulmonary nodules/masses in First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were prospectively enrolled and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging with two different PET/CT scanners successively. The images were divided into PMT+ OSEM, SiPM+ OSEM and SiPM+ BPL groups according to PET detector and reconstruction algorithms. The SUV max, SUV mean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of pulmonary nodules/masses were measured, then signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) were calculated. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were performed to compare differences of above parameters among groups. ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the optimal threshold of SUV max for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules/masses and AUCs were obtained. Results:There were 83 malignant nodules and 35 benign nodules. The image quality of SiPM+ BPL group (4.23±0.64) was better than that of SiPM+ OSEM group (3.57±0.50) or PMT+ OSEM group (3.58±0.51; F=54.85, P<0.001). There were significant differences in SUV max (7.57(3.86, 15.61) vs 4.95(2.22, 10.48)), SUV mean (4.43(2.28, 9.12) vs 2.84(1.21, 5.71)), MTV (3.54(1.57, 7.67) vs 5.09(2.83, 11.79)), SNR (28.12(12.55, 54.38) vs 20.16(8.29, 41.45)) and SBR (4.03(1.83, 7.75) vs 2.32(0.96, 5.03)) between SiPM+ BPL and SiPM+ OSEM groups ( H values: 16.63-37.05, all P<0.001). The optimal threshold values of SUV max in SiPM+ BPL, SiPM+ OSEM and PMT+ OSEM were 3.31, 2.21, 2.05 with AUCs of 0.686, 0.689, 0.615 for nodules < 2 cm, and were 10.29, 6.49, 4.33 with AUCs of 0.775, 0.782, 0.774 for nodules/masses ≥2 cm. Conclusions:Image quality and parameters of pulmonary nodules/masses are mainly affected by the reconstruction algorithms. BPL can improve SUV max, SUV mean, SBR and SNR, but reduce MTV without significant effect on liver parameters. SiPM+ BPL has a higher diagnostic threshold of SUV max than SiPM+ OSEM and PMT+ OSEM.

Objective:To investigate the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on the efficacy and immune function in patients with primary liver cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 152 patients with primary liver cancer from February 2019 to February 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 76 patients were treated with TACE combined with RFA (combined group), and 76 patients were treated with TACE (control group). The efficacy was compared; the α-L fucosidase, T lymphocyte subsets (CD 3, CD 4, CD 8 and CD 4/CD 8), B lymphocyte subsets (CD 19) and tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP; carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA; carbohydrate antigen 125, CA125) before treatment and 1 month after treatment were detected. Results:The total clinical effective rate in combined group was significantly higher than that in control group: 81.58% (62/76) vs. 52.63% (40/76), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.54, P<0.05). There were no statistical difference in all indexes before treatment between 2 groups ( P>0.05); the α-L fucosidase, AFP and CD 8 1 month after treatment in combined group were significantly lower than those in control group: (18.06 ± 5.33) U/L vs. (26.58 ± 7.75) U/L, (87.93 ± 22.55) μg/L vs. (146.83 ± 21.85) μg/L and 0.295 ± 0.052 vs. 0.367 ± 0.064, the CD 3, CD 4 and CD 4/CD 8 were significantly higher than those in control group (0.489 ± 0.054 vs. 0.462 ± 0.063, 0.363 ± 0.059 vs. 0.303 ± 0.075 and 1.43 ± 0.27 vs. 0.89 ± 0.14), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or<0.05); there was no statistical difference in CEA, CA125 and CD 19 1 month after treatment between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TACE combined with RFA in the treatment of primary liver cancer patients can not only improve the total clinical effective rate, but also significantly improve the immune function, and help to reduce level of the liver tumor marker of AFP.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of PTMC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology in the 81 st Military Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from 2016 to 2019 were collected, and the relationship between preoperative NLR, PLR levels and postoperative PTMC CLNM were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff value of NLR and PLR. The interaction relative excess risk was used to analyze the relationship between NLR, PLR and CLNM. Results:Among 220 patients with cN0 stage PTMC, 92 were CLNM. The ROC curve showed that when the cutoff value of NLR was 2.5 and the cutoff value of PLR was 175, the highest Youden index was 0.318 and 0.264, respectively. NLR and PLR were both related to CLNM ( P<0.05). The tumor long diameter, multifocality, NLR≥2.5 and PLR≥175 were independent impact factors of CLNM ( P<0.05). The results of the interaction showed that the relative excess risk of the interaction was 5.531 (95% CI: 0.160, 10.901, P=0.016), the attribution ratio was 0.512 (95% CI: 0.230, 0.794, P=0.009), and the synergy index was 2.294 (95% CI: 1.492, 4.579, P=0.022), suggested that NLR and PLR had an interactive effect, and these two synergistically promoted CLNM. Conclusions:NLR and PLR are independent risk factors for cN0 stage PTMC CLNM. When NLR≥2.5 and PLR≥175, preventive central lymph node dissection should be routinely performed.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of PTMC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology in the 81 st Military Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from 2016 to 2019 were collected, and the relationship between preoperative NLR, PLR levels and postoperative PTMC CLNM were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff value of NLR and PLR. The interaction relative excess risk was used to analyze the relationship between NLR, PLR and CLNM. Results:Among 220 patients with cN0 stage PTMC, 92 were CLNM. The ROC curve showed that when the cutoff value of NLR was 2.5 and the cutoff value of PLR was 175, the highest Youden index was 0.318 and 0.264, respectively. NLR and PLR were both related to CLNM ( P<0.05). The tumor long diameter, multifocality, NLR≥2.5 and PLR≥175 were independent impact factors of CLNM ( P<0.05). The results of the interaction showed that the relative excess risk of the interaction was 5.531 (95% CI: 0.160, 10.901, P=0.016), the attribution ratio was 0.512 (95% CI: 0.230, 0.794, P=0.009), and the synergy index was 2.294 (95% CI: 1.492, 4.579, P=0.022), suggested that NLR and PLR had an interactive effect, and these two synergistically promoted CLNM. Conclusions:NLR and PLR are independent risk factors for cN0 stage PTMC CLNM. When NLR≥2.5 and PLR≥175, preventive central lymph node dissection should be routinely performed.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between EOS level and hormone therapy effect and prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods:From January 2016 to June 2018, 120 patients with AECOPD were selected in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong.According to EOS levels, all patients were divided into two groups, including EOS ≥2% group(56 cases) and EOS<2% group(64 cases). The general clinical data and treatment related indicators of patients with different EOS levels were compared, and the clinical value of EOS level in predicting the risk of severe AECOPD recurrence and death of patients were evaluated.Results:The levels of WBC, N%, NLR and CRP of the EOS≥2% group were significantly lower than those of the EOS<2% group[(6.89±1.16)×10 9/L, (69.08±12.79)%, (3.54±1.16), (5.30±1.18)mg/L vs.(8.45±1.85)×10 9/L, (76.42±16.58)%, (6.08±1.42), (7.43±1.77)mg/L]( t=5.27, 4.81, 4.65, 2.58, all P<0.05). The used time of antibiotics of the EOS≥2% group was significantly shorter than that of the EOS<2% group[8.0(6.0, 10.0)d vs.9.0(7.0, 11.0)d]( U=2.46, P<0.05). The time of hormone therapy and hospitalization time of the EOS≥2% group were significantly shorter than those of the EOS<2% group[9.0(7.0, 11.0)d, 10.0(9.0, 12.0)d vs.11.0(7.0, 13.0)d, 12.0(10.0, 13.0)d]( U=2.79, 2.56, all P<0.05). The proportion of CAT score decreased ≥2 points at 7d after treatment of the EOS≥2% group was significantly higher than that of the EOS<2% group[86.84% vs.68.18%](χ 2=2.84, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that EOS≥2% was the independent risk factor for severe AECOPD recurrence and death( OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.49~5.03, P<0.05). There was no relationship between EOS level and death risk ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Serum EOS level can independently predict the clinical effect of hormone therapy and prognosis in patients with AECOPD, and clinicians can make more reasonable clinical treatment plan accordingly.

Objective To investigate the effect ofmiR-27a-3p on proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle of hepatoma cells.Methods A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect differential expression of miR-27a-3p in normal hepatic epithelial cells (L02) and hepatoma cells (HepG2 and PLC).Cell experiment was divided into four groups:HepG2 overexpression cells,Mi-27a-3p overexpression group (Mi-27a) and negative control group (Mi-Con);PLC knockdown cells,Mi-27a-3p knockdown group (Miinhibitor-27a) and negative control group (Mi-inhibitor-Con).The expression of microRNA-27a-3p in each group after transfection was detected by qPCR analysis.MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and cell cycle.One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons,and t-test was used to compare two groups.Results qPCR results showed that the expression levels of miR27a-3p in L02,HepG2 and PLC increased sequentially,and the relative expression levels were 1.07 ± 0.04,4.81 ± 0.64 and 11.31 ± 0.92,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).MTT assay showed that the cell viability of HepG2 cells transfected with miR-27a-3p overexpression plasrnid was significantly deereased compared with the negative control group (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis assay showed that the apoptosis rate of miR-27a-3p overexpression group was higher than the negative control group (P ＜ 0.05).The cell cycle results showed that the proportion of S phase cells in the miR-27a-3p overexpression cell group was significantly lower than the negative control group (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,microRNA-27a-3p knockdown validation in PLC cells showed that MTT,apoptosis and cell cycle tests results were opposite to the results of HepG2 overexpression cells,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion miR-27a-3p can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells,promote cell apoptosis,alter the cell cycle distribution,and may become a potential target in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) plus tuina on scapulohumeral periarthritis (SP). Methods: A total of 30 cases with SP were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Those in the observation group practiced Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) plus tuina therapy; whereas those in the control group received only tuina therapy. Tuina therapy was conducted every other day, 20 min every time for 1 month and Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) was conducted once a day for 1 month. The therapeutic effects were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Constant-Murley scale. Results: After treatment, the VAS score and Constant-Murley scale were substantially improved, showing statistical significances (P<0.01); the Constant-Murley scale in the observation group was better than that in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P<0.01); the effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, between-group comparison showed a statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion: Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) plus tuina and tuina alone have a verified effect in treating SP, and the former can achieve a better effect than the later.

Objective To optimize the formulation and process of liposome gel of total alkaloids of Sophoras Flavescentis Radix; To prepare the liposome gel of total alkaloids of Sophoras Flavescentis Radix and study its release mechanism.Methods Matrine liposomes was prepared by using film dispersion method; With entrapment efficiency and medicine loading as indexes, acid dye colorimetric method was used for the determination of matrine content in liposomes. Orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation and the optimal formulation of liposomes was selected. Poloxamer-407 was set as the substrate preparation of matrine liposome gel. The transdermal rate of medicine gel and medicine liposome gel was investigated.Results Obtained through formulation and technology optimization of liposomes formation uniform, particle size was in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm, entrapment 74%, loading 26%. Preparation of liposome gel was transparent semisolid. In vitro results showed, cumulative release dose of matrine hydrogel was 6.34 mg/cm2 within 48 h; cumulative release doses of liposome gel of total alkaloids of Sophoras Flavescentis Radix was 6.97 mg/cm2 within 48 h; cumulative volume, steady-state penetration rate through skin and 48 h volume in the skin of the latter were significantly improved compared with that of the former. Conclusion Optimum preparation is reliable and practical. Liposome gel of total alkaloids of Sophoras Flavescentis Radix made by the preparation is with high quality, which can effectively delay the medicine release rate, increase the volume of medicine in human body.

Objective To explore and study the effect of bundles on prevention and treatment of oral mucositis caused by chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria from June 2014 to December 2014 were selected as the control group, who adopted routine nursing measures, 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2015 to June 2015 were assigned to the observation group. Bundles on prevention and treatment of oral mucositis caused by chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were edited using a series of evidence-based approach, and it was used to manage the patients of observation group. Results While doing 21, 28, 33 friction of radiotherapy, the oral mucositis level of 0 degree, Ⅰ degree,Ⅱ degree,Ⅲ degree and Ⅳ degree of the observation group were 8, 25, 7, 0, 0 cases;3, 11, 24, 2, 0 cases;0, 19, 13, 6, 2 cases respectively, which were lower than the control group whose degrees were 0, 31, 6, 3, 0 cases;0, 18, 11, 10, 1 cases;0, 9, 17, 9, 5 cases. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=-4.440,-3.441,-2.232, all P < 0.05 or 0.01). While doing 21, 28, 33 friction of adiotherapy, the throat pain level of 0 degree, Ⅰ degree,Ⅱ degree,Ⅲ degree of observation group were 4, 31, 5, 0; 2, 22, 14, 2; 0, 26, 12, 2 cases respectively, which were lower than the control group whose degrees were 1, 22, 16, 1 cases; 0, 10, 23, 7 cases; 0, 10, 17, 13 cases. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=-3.137,-3.326,-3.518, all P<0.01). While doing 28, 33 friction of radiotherapy, the Self Rating Anxiety Scale of the observation group scored 56.76 ± 3.19, 58.72 ± 5.41, which were lower than 60.58 ± 2.46, 63.42 ± 4.97 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=11.746, 10.561, all P <0.01). While doing 33 friction of radiotherapy, the self rating anxiety scale of the observation group was 60.56 ± 3.73, which was lower than 63.43 ± 4.77 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-4.983, P<0.01). The following entries:swallow, sensation, eating in public, dry mouth, sticky saliva, feel sick of the quality of life questionnaire of the observation group were higher than the control group while doing 33 friction of radiotherapy. All the differences were statistically significant (t=-3.873-5.130, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The bundles could effectively prevent and treat oral mucositis caused by chemoradiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It could release the throat pain, anxiety and depression of the patients, as well as improve the quality of life to some extent.

Objective To observe the effects of Coix seed injection on the cell viability and radiosensitivity of human hepatoma cell line Bel-7402.Methods Bel-7402 cells were irradiated by X-rays,or treated with Coix seed injection,or treated with both of them.The cells proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and by flow cytometry respectively.Cell cloning was used to observe the number of viable cells and to draw the cell survival curve.The mRNA and protein level of Bax,Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.Results It was found that the Coix seed injection group (12 μmol/L) and X-ray group (8 Gy) had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (t =17.03,11.26,P ＜ 0.05).And compared with Coix group and irradiation group,the combined treatment group showed higher inhibition rate (t =24.80,20.19,P ＜0.05).The mRNA and protein levels of Bax were gradually elevated (F =437.92,67.91,P ＜ 0.05),while the expressions of Bcl-2 reflected a decreased trend (F =31.18,48.50,P ＜ 0.05).The D0 values of pure irradiation group and combined treatment group were 4.27 and 3.34,respectively,and the sensitization enhancement ratio was 1.27.Conclusions The Coix seed injection inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis,as well as increase radiative sensitization may via the apoptosis related factors Bax and Bcl-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.