Objective:To select low-dose radiation-activated genes with intrinsic radiation protection by developing a model for adaptive responses to low-dose ionizing radiation, in order to explore the mechanisms behind the radiation resistance of the candidate genes.Methods:The cells were divided into adaptive response induction group and whole transcriptome sequencing group. The level of DNA damage was assessed using the γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay. The low-dose radiation-activated candidate genes with radiation protection were selected through whole transcriptome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR)-based validation. The anti-radiation effect of candidate gene CCND1 was assessed based on CCK-8 cell proliferation and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay. After up- and down-regulation of CCND1 expression, the anti-radiation mechanism of CCND1 was preliminarily explored through transcriptome sequencing analysis.Results:A model for low-dose ionizing radiation-induced adaptive responses of lymphocytes was constructed. Using this model, six candidate genes with radiation protection, including CCND1, ZMAT3, MGAT3, DFFB, CYP4F2, ITGA6, were selected. Compared to the control group, overexpressed CCND1 led to significantly enhanced proliferation ability of AHH-1 cells ( t = 7.92-14.76, P < 0.05) and distinctly lowered level of DNA damage ( t = 2.79-9.68, P < 0.05) after 2 Gy of X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the CCND1 knockdown caused significantly decreased cell proliferation ability ( t = 13.58-26.25, P < 0.05) and notably elevated level of DNA damage of cells ( t = 2.87-7.61, P < 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing revealed that up- and down-regulation of CCND1 expression resulted in the activation of pathways related to cell growth, death, and damage repair. Conclusions:By selecting six low-dose-activated candidate genes with radiation protection and revealing the function of CCND1 in radiation protection, this study provides a new perspective for the development of radiation protection agents from the perspective of adaptive responses to low-dose radiation.

Objective:To select low-dose radiation-activated genes with intrinsic radiation protection by developing a model for adaptive responses to low-dose ionizing radiation, in order to explore the mechanisms behind the radiation resistance of the candidate genes.Methods:The cells were divided into adaptive response induction group and whole transcriptome sequencing group. The level of DNA damage was assessed using the γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay. The low-dose radiation-activated candidate genes with radiation protection were selected through whole transcriptome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR)-based validation. The anti-radiation effect of candidate gene CCND1 was assessed based on CCK-8 cell proliferation and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay. After up- and down-regulation of CCND1 expression, the anti-radiation mechanism of CCND1 was preliminarily explored through transcriptome sequencing analysis.Results:A model for low-dose ionizing radiation-induced adaptive responses of lymphocytes was constructed. Using this model, six candidate genes with radiation protection, including CCND1, ZMAT3, MGAT3, DFFB, CYP4F2, ITGA6, were selected. Compared to the control group, overexpressed CCND1 led to significantly enhanced proliferation ability of AHH-1 cells ( t = 7.92-14.76, P < 0.05) and distinctly lowered level of DNA damage ( t = 2.79-9.68, P < 0.05) after 2 Gy of X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the CCND1 knockdown caused significantly decreased cell proliferation ability ( t = 13.58-26.25, P < 0.05) and notably elevated level of DNA damage of cells ( t = 2.87-7.61, P < 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing revealed that up- and down-regulation of CCND1 expression resulted in the activation of pathways related to cell growth, death, and damage repair. Conclusions:By selecting six low-dose-activated candidate genes with radiation protection and revealing the function of CCND1 in radiation protection, this study provides a new perspective for the development of radiation protection agents from the perspective of adaptive responses to low-dose radiation.

Objective To explore the relationship between basic motor skills and social interaction ability in school-age children with moderate autism,and the mediating role of executive function and the realization path.Methods A cross-sectional design was used to investigate 117 school-age children with autism from Sep.to Dec.2020.The level of basic motor skills was assessed by the test of gross motor development(TGMD),the impairment of executive function was assessed by the behavior rating inventory of executive function(BRIEF),and the social disorder was assessed by the social responsive scale-second edition(SRS-2).Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the interrelationship,and structural equation modeling was applied to explore the path relationship.Results There was a significant negative correlation between the level of basic motor skills and SRS-2 scores(r=-0.312,P＜0.001).There were significant negative correlations between the level of basic motor skills and the BRIEF scores of inhibition(r=-0.336,P＜0.001),switching(r=-0.325,P＜0.001),affective control(r=-0.338,P＜0.001),task initiation(r=-0.240,P=0.009),working memory(r=-0.278,P=0.002),and planning(r=-0.224,P=0.015).The SRS-2 score was positively correlated with the BRIEF scores of inhibition(r=0.378,P＜0.001),switching(r=0.299,P=0.001),affective control(r=0.417,P＜0.001),task initiation(r=0.246,P=0.007),working memory(r=0.409,P＜0.001),and monitoring(r=0.258,P=0.005).Executive function played a complete intermediary role between basic motor skills and social interaction ability(B=-1.912,95％confidence interval:-3.116 to-1.069).Conclusion In school-age children with moderate autism,executive function and social interaction ability change positively with the level of basic motor skills.Basic motor skills can affect social interaction ability through the mediating role of executive function,and inhibition and affective control are important pathways to achieve this.

Objective To explore the value of pulse index continuous cardiac output (PICCO) combined with intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with severe craniocerebral injury accepted controlling decompression surgical treatment in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2019 were prospectively chosen.According to patients' families will,postoperative application of PICCO combined with intracranial pressure monitoring for fluid management was performed in 72 patients (treatment group) and application of central venous pressure combined with intracranial pressure monitoring for fluid management was performed in 66 patients (control group).All patients were adjusted according to the monitoring results.The intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure one week after surgery,incidences of new traumatic cerebral infarction,neurogenic pulmonary edema,pulmonary infection,scalp exudation,and intracranial infection,average hospitalization days,total hospitalization costs,intensity of antimicrobial use,and Glasgow coma scale scores two weeks after operation were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Glasgow outcome scale was used to evaluate the prognoses of the patients 6 months after injury.Results There were 7 patients (3 from the control group and 4 from the treatment group) dropped out of the study due to various reasons and 131 patients (63 from the control group and 68 from the treatment group) included in the final statistical analysis;there was no significant difference in drop-out rate of the two groups (P＞0.05).The intracranial pressure in the treatment group ([14.28±2.98] mmHg) was significantly lower than that in the control group ([18.99±2.78] mmHg) and cerebral perfision pressure ([66.72±2.25] mmHg) was significantly higher than that in the control group ([52.96±3.12] mmHg) one week after operation (P＜0.05).During hospitalization,the incidences of new traumatic cerebral infarction,neurogenic pulmonary edema,pulmonary infection,scalp exudation and intracranial infection in the treatment group (8.8％,13.2％,11.8％,7.4％,and 2.9％) were significantly lower than those in the control group (22.2％,27.0％,25.4％,19.0％,and 12.7％,P＜0.05).The average hospitalization days,total hospitalization expenses and intensity of antimicrobial use in the treatment group were significantly shorter/lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Glasgow coma scale scores (11.88±1.78) and good recovery rate (76.5％) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (8.06±1.12,54.0％) two weeks after operation (P＜0.05).Good recovery rate (76.5％) in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (54.0％,P＜0.05).The mortality rate (5.9％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (17.5％,P＜0.05).Conclusion PICCO combined with intracranial pressure monitoring can effectively improve intracranial pressure,optimize cerebral perfusion,reduce complications such as traumatic cerebral infarction,neurogenic pulmonary edema,pulmonary infection and intracranial infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury,thereby improving prognosis and reducing mortality;besides that,it can reduce patients' exposure to anti-brain infection,and the breadth and intensity of bacterial drugs can reduce the length of hospitalization and total cost of hospitalization,thereby reducing the burden of family and society.

Objective To explore the value of controlled decompression under intracranial pressure monitoring in craniotomy of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and six patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage,admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to July 2018,were prospectively enrolled.These patients were divided into control group (n=5 l) and treatment group (n=55) according to their families' wishes.The patients in the control group were treated with traditional craniotomy and hematoma removal;the patients in the treatment group were treated with controlled decompression combined with craniotomy and hematoma clearance under intracranial pressure monitoring,and intracranial pressure monitoring and management were carried out after operation.The rate of bone flap acceptance during operation,incidences of complications such as re-bleeding,scalp exudation,intracranial infection and cerebral infarction after operation,rate of re-operation and Glasgow outcome scale scores 6 months after injury were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results Five patients had midway withdrawal (2 from the control group and 3 from the treatment group),and 101 patients (49 from the control group and 52 from the treatment group) were included in the statistical analysis.The rate of bone flap acceptance in the treatment group (69.2％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (24.5％,P＜0.05).The incidences of complications such as bleeding,scalp exudation,intracranial infection and cerebral infarction (11.5％,7.7％,3.8％,and 13.5％) were significantly lower than those in the control group (30.6％,22.4％,16.3％,and 34.7％,P＜0.05).The re-operation rate (3.8％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.3％,P＜0.05).Good recovery rate in the treatment group (76.9％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (55.1％,P＜0.05).The mortality rate (7.7％) was significantly lower than that of the control group (22.4％,P＜0.05).Conclusion For patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage,controlled decompression under intracranial pressure monitoring combined with craniotomy and hematoma removal can significantly improve the rate of bone flap acceptance,reduce the rate of second-stage cranioplasty,reduce the incidence of complications and re-operation rate,and more effectively improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

Objective To discuss the clinical application value of serum procalcitonin(PCT) in patients with Candida bloodstream infection.Methods The data of 783 hospitalized patients of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital including blood culture and serum PCT test were retrospectively analyzed,and the medical records of patients with Candida or bacterial bloodstream infection were evaluated by univaxiate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.The comparison of PCT value were carried out among the different blood culture groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic performance of the PCT.Results The PCT was 0.21 (0.06,1.02) ng/mL in the 510 patients with negative blood culture,but in 121 patients with Candida infection and 152 patients with bacteria infections,the PCT levels were 1.15 (0.38,6.85) ng/ mL and 2.34 (0.77,15.12) ng/mL,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in PCT levels among three groups(P＜0.05).According to ROC,when the value of PCT was 0.355 ng/mL,the sensitivity was 76.9％,and the specificity was 60.8％ with 0.726 area under the curve (AUC) (P＜0.01) for the identification of Candida infection by blood cultures.Conclusions Serum PCT levels have a certain diagnostic value for Candida bloodstream infection.In critically ill patients with factors associated with candidemia,the combination of clinical symptoms with PCT as an adjuvant diagnostic marker and other laboratory findings can be used to make a prompt and effective initiation of antifungal therapy.

Objective The epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from bloodstream infections,their antibiotic resistance profiles and virulence-associated factors were studied.Methods A total of 90 isolates from 17 hospitals were collected from the patients with bloodstream infections during July 2013 and July 2014.Vitek-2 Compact system was used for identification of the strains and antibiotic susceptibility testing.The epidemiology was studied by pulsed-field gelectrophoresis(PFGE).Drug-resistant genes and associated virulence genes were amplified by PCR.Results According to antimicrobial susceptibility testing,75 isolates are multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.PFGE results showed that 75 multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonged to eight clone types(A to H),with the A (n=51)and B (n=14)clone being the dominant PFGE clone types.Different clone isolates spread in different hospitals.Most of the hospitals were given priority to with clone A.Clone A only maintaining high sensitive rate to cefoperazone/sulbactam、amikacin and tigecycline.Virulence gene abaI,cusE,ompA,bap,bfms detection rates are 93.3% (84/90),92.2% (83/90),100.0% (90/90),84.4% (76/90),92.2% (83/90),respectively.There were 7 mucoid isolates,which are all multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,all belong to clone B and all associated virulence genes can be detected.Conclusions The dominant clone type of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from bloodstream infections is clone A.The abaI-,bap-and bfms-positive strains are associated with a higher incidence of antibiotic resistance in most types of antimicrobials.The acquisition of mucous type may indicate the emergence of virulent strains,which should be paid attention to during clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance condition in patients after lung transplantation so as to guide the reasonable use of antibiotics.Methods The clinical specimens from 242 lung transplantation patients in Wuxi People's Hospital between Jan.2010 to Dec.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 242 patients,182 were males and 60 were females with the average age of (52 ± 15) years old.Automatic analysis instrument VITEK-2 was applied for pathogen detection and K-B method was used to test drug resistance.Results From 2373specimens,1005 strains of pathogens were isolated and the detection rate was 42.35％ (1005/2373),in which gram-negative bacteria accounted for 81.79％ (822/1005).The specimens mainly resulted from sputum (76.19 ％) and bronchoalveolar lavage (19.76 ％).Among those strains,acinetobacter baumannii (28.76％),pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.62％),klebsiella pneumonia (14.33％),escherichia coli (5.57％) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (4.88％) ranked the top five species.Acinetobacter baumannii strains were highly resistant to most of antibiotic agents,with the drug resistant rate from 59.52％ to 100％,except cefperazone-sulbactam (＜ 50％).Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly resistant to cefazolin,ceftriaxone,cefotetan,ampicillin,ampicillinsulbactam with the resistance rate of 80.24％-98.80％,while compared to other anibiotics with the resistance rate less than 50％.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains with intrinsic drug resistance to imipenem were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,cefperazone-sulbactam,piperacillintazobactam,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin with the drug resistance rate of 12.24％,14.29％,32.65％,16.33％ and 18.37％ respectively.Klebsiella Klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli,whose resistant rate to ceftazidime,cefperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,aztreonam,amikacin and tobramycin was all less than 50％,were highly sensitive to imipenem,with the resistance rate of 24.31％ and 7.14％ respectively.Gram-positive bacteria were accounted for 9.35％,mainly Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidemics,and drug resistant rate of them to vancomycin was all less than 20.00％.Fungi were accounted for 8.86％,mainly Candida albicans and Filamentous fungi,whose drug resistance rate to 5 antifungal drugs was less than 20.00％.The drug resistance rate of C.glabrata strains and C.krusei strains to fluconazole was 80.00％ and 100.00％,respectively.Conclusion The incidence of gram-negative bacteria infection and multiple bacterial strain infection in patients after lung transplantation is very high and the nonfermentation bacteria are highly resistant to multiple antibiotics.So,the rational antibiotics' use inclinical practice should be based on drug sensitivity results in order to improve the lung transplant recipients' survival rate.

Objective To investigate the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)on immune function in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy.Methods Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy (34 males,26 females,aged 38-57 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ),were randomly divided into two groups:enhanced recovery after surgery group (group E)and non-enhanced recovery after surgery group (group C).The patients in group E received enhanced recovery after surgery,while the patients in group C received routine perioperative management and anesthesia methods.The operation method and time,the volume of bleeding,the intraoperative fentanyl con-sumption,the volume of fluid input,the preoperative and postoperative CVP and temperature were recorded in the two groups.Blood samples were obtained before induction (T0 ),at the end of opera-tion (T1 ),on day 1 (T2 ),day 3 (T3 ),day 7 (T4 )after operation for determination of plasma con-centration of IgA,IgM,IgG and the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were detected with flow cytometry.Furthermore,the visual analogue scale (VAS)score and Ramsay score were evaluated 4 hours,8 hours,24 hours and 48 hours after opera-tion in two groups.Results Compared with group C,the intraoperative fentanyl consumption,the volume of fluid input and the postoperative CVP in group E were significantly decreased,while the postoperative temperature was significantly increased (P < 0.05 ).Compared with T0 , the percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the plasma concentration of IgA,IgM,IgG in group E on T1-T3 were significantly decreased,the percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,the CD4+/CD8+ratio and the plasma concentration of IgA,IgM,IgG in group C on T1-T4 were significantly decreased (P <0.05).Compared with group C,the percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the plasma concentration of IgA,IgM,IgG in group E on T1-T4 were significantly increased (P <0.05),the visual analogue scale (VAS)score 4 hours,8 hours,24 hours after operation were signifi-cantly decreased (P <0.05).The comparision of Ramsay scores at all the time points between two groups were similar.Conclusion ERAS applied to patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy can reduce the intraoperative fentanyl consumption,prevent the occurrence of hypothermia and provide satisfactory postoperative analgesia,which can significantly improve the immune function in patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on cellular immune function in diabetic rats.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 240-280 g,were used in this study.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal 1％ streptozotocin 60 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L 3 days later.Forty-eight rats with diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table:diabetes mellitus group (group DM) and group SGB.Another 24 healthy rats,aged 3 months,were selected and served as control group (group C).At 1 week after successful establishment of the model,unilateral transection of cervical sympathetic trunk (TCST) was performed in group SGB,while the right cervical sympathetic trunk was only exposed in C and DM groups.Before TCST (T0) and on 1,3,7 days after TCST (T1-3),6 rats were randomly selected from each group,and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava for determination of the blood glucose,plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ in whole blood (using FACSCalibur flow cytometer).C D4+/CD8+ratio was calculated.The rats were weighed before sacrifice,and the rats were sacrificed to obtain the thymus which was weighed.The thymus index (thymus weight/body weight) was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the blood glucose was significantly increased,and the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ in whole blood,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and thymus index were significantly decreased at T0-3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in CD8+ levels in DM and SGB groups (P＞0.05),the plasma NE concentrations were significantly decreased at T1-3 in group SGB (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in plasma NE concentrations in group DM (P＞0.05).Compared with group DM,the blood glucose and plasma NE concentrations were significantly decreased,and the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ in whole blood,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and thymus index were significantly increased at T1-3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in CD8+ levels in group SGB (P＞0.05).Conclusion SGB can improve the cellular immune function in diabetic rats.