Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In recent years, metabolomics has emerged as a key systems biology approach for analyzing small-molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and organisms. It provides new strategies for early diagnosis and metabolic profiling. Additionally, metabolomics plays a crucial role in studying resistance mechanisms in lung cancer. Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming is a key driving factor in the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Metabolomics studies have revealed how lung cancer cells regulate critical pathways such as energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism to adapt to the demands of rapid proliferation and invasive metastasis. This review summarizes the latest advances in metabolomics research in lung cancer, focusing on the characteristics of metabolic reprogramming, the identification of potential metabolic biomarkers, and the prospects of metabolomics in early diagnosis and the elucidation of resistance mechanisms in lung cancer.
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Humans ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism*

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the results of auditory examination,vestibular function examination and laboratory examination of 63 patients diagnosed as vestibular neuritis.Methods:A total of 63 patients diagnosed with vestibular neuritis hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, from October 2012 to December 2022 were recruited. All patients met the diagnostic criteria for the 2022 Bárány association vestibular neuritis. Clinical data and the results of pure tone audiometry, electrocochleogram, video electronystagmogram, caloric test, cervical vestibuloevoked myogenic potential（cVEMP）, ocular vestibuloevoked myogenic potential（oVEMP）, video head impulse test（vHIT） was collected.A total of 63 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects in the physical examination center were randomly selected as the control group. The differences of blood indexs and lipid metabolism indexes between the two groups were compared. Results:In patients with vestibular neuritis, 50 out of 63 patients presented normal threshold in pure tone audiometry, 8 out of 63 patients had bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and 5 out of 63 patients had unilateral mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, 56 out of 63 cases completed the electrocochleogram, of which 3 cases had a binaural-SP/AP amplitude ratio≥0.4, 5 cases had monaural amplitude ratio ≥0.4. Fifty-five out of 63 patients completed the caloric test with CP values greater than 30% in all. The ratio of patients completed cVEMP, oVEMP and vHIT were 46 cases, 22 cases and 30 cases, respectively. 17 out of 63 cases completed all the four vestibular function tests. According to these tests, 49 patients could determine the extent of injury，including 27 cases with unilateral superior vestibular nerve injury, 21 cases with unilateral superior and inferior vestibular nerve injury and 1 case with unilateral inferior vestibular nerve injury. There were significant differences in neutrophil value（P<0.001）, lymphocyte value（P<0.005）, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio（P<0.001） and apolipoprotein A1（P<0.001） between patient group and control group. Inflammatory markers were risk factors for patients with vestibular neuritis. The OR values of neutrophil value and blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were 1.81（1.38-2.37, P<0.001） and 2.11（1.41-3.16, P<0.001）, respectively. Apolipoprotein A1 was a protective factor for patients with vestibular neuritis, and the OR value was 0.004（0.001-0.042, P<0.001）. Conclusion:Electrocochleogram could be used in vestibular neuritis patients with normal pure tone threshold to test whether there is hidden hearing loss in these patients. Neutrophil value, lymphocyte value, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and apolipoprotein A1 were correlated with vestibular neuritis. The Neutrophil value and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were risk factors for morbidity.
Humans ; Vestibular Neuronitis/physiopathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Aged

The activation proteins released by fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment regulate tumor growth, migration, and treatment response, thereby influencing tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Owing to the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is typically highly expressed in the tumor stroma, whereas it is nearly absent in adult normal tissues and benign lesions, making it an attractive target for precision medicine. Radiolabeled agents targeting FAP have the potential for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy. This comprehensive review aims to describe the evolution of FAPI-based radiopharmaceuticals and their structural optimization. Within its scope, this review summarizes the advances in the use of radiolabeled small molecule inhibitors for tumor imaging and therapy as well as the modification strategies for FAPIs, combined with insights from structure-activity relationships and clinical studies, providing a valuable perspective for radiopharmaceutical clinical development and application.

Depression (Dep) is one of the most common concomitant symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is a lack of detailed pathologic evidence for the occurrence of PD-Dep. Currently, the management of symptoms from both conditions using conventional pharmacological interventions remains a formidable task. In this study, we found impaired activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), reduced levels of transcription and translation, and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of PD-Dep rats. We demonstrated that the abnormal phosphorylation of α-synuclein (pS129) induced tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) retention at the neuronal cell membrane, leading to BDNF/TrkB signaling dysfunction. We chose SEW2871 as an ameliorator to upregulate ERK phosphorylation. The results showed that PD-Dep rats exhibited improvement in behavioral manifestations of PD and depression. In addition, a reduction in pS129 was accompanied by a restoration of the function of the BDNF/ERK signaling loop in the mPFC of PD-Dep rats.
Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism* ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism* ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Depression/metabolism* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Rats ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism* ; Receptor, trkB/metabolism* ; Phosphorylation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Signal Transduction

Objective This study aims to explore the efficacy and complication rates of the transcranial approach(TCA)and extended endoscopic endonasal approach(EEEA)for the treatment of craniopharyngiomas based on the QST classification,providing a scientific reference for clinical decision-making on surgical approach.Methods A total of 151 patients who underwent craniopharyngioma surgery at our center from January 2018 to December 2023 were enrolled.The patients were categorized into Q-CP(suprasellar type),S-CP(infundibular type),and T-CP(tuberal type)according to the QST classification.Systematic collection and analysis were performed on the outcomes of TCA and EEEA treatments,respectively.The differences in effectiveness between the two approaches were evaluated based on the QST classification.Results The improvement rate of visual symptoms was overall higher in the EEEA group than in the TCA group(59.1%vs.36.5%,P=0.006),and the visual deterioration rate was lower(3.0%vs.14.1%,P=0.006).However,the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage was higher in the EEEA group(15.2%vs.3.5%,χ2=4.986,P=0.026).The incidence of postoperative seizures(8.2%vs.0,P=0.019),brain contusions(10.6%vs.0,P=0.005),and subdural hematoma(9.4%vs.0%,P=0.01)was higher in the TCA group.For patients with Q-CP type,the EEEA group had a higher rate of total tumor resection(92.9%vs.65.2%,P=0.025)and a lower recurrence rate(3.6%vs.21.7%,P=0.047),with shorter hospital stays and lower postoperative costs.The TCA group had higher intraoperative blood loss in this type(300 mL vs.200 mL,Z=-2.261,P=0.024).For S-CP type patients,the EEEA group showed a higher rate of total tumor resection(91.3%vs.74.2%)and a lower recurrence rate(0 vs.12.9%,P=0.031),with lower postoperative hospital costs.In T-CP type,due to the deeper location,EEEA showed limitations in protecting hypothalamic function and the TCA group had a better postoperative hypothalamic function score(P=0.035).Conclusion Based on QST classification,EEEA has advantages in Q-CP and S-CP types and is recommended as the preferred surgical procedure;In the T-CP type,TCA surgery is more helpful in protecting hypothalamic function.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of a combined model based on the radiomics features of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and MRI signs in predicting recurrence after radical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 100 patients with radical resection for HCC who admitted to Zibo 148 Hospital from May 2016 to May 2020.All patients underwent abdominal enhanced MRI examination before surgery,and they were followed up for at least 2 years after the surgery.They were randomly divided into training group(70 cases)and verification group(30 cases)as a ratio of 7:3.According to the postoperative follow-up results,the training group existed 12 cases of recurrence and 58 cases without recurrence,and the verification group existed 5 cases of recurrence and 25 cases without recurrence.The 3D-slicer software was used to extract radiomics features of preoperative MRI images of each HCC patient.The intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC)of the extracted imaging features of the observers was calculated.The maximum related minimum redundancy(mRMR)algorithm and LASSO regression were selected to analyze the established radiomics labels after dimensionality reduction and screening.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen the independent risk factors of predicting recurrence in MRI signs,and they were used respectively to construct radiomics models with the radiomics labels of plain scan,arterial phase,portal phase and hepatobiliary phase.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of each radiomics model in predicting recurrence.Results:The ICC range of two physicians in selecting radiomics features from the MRI images of all patients were between 0.903 and 0.957,which consistency was favorable(ICC≥0.9).Compared with other predictive models,the highest area under curve(AUC)values of ROC curve of the radiomics model of plain scan of training group[0.951(95%CI:0.901-1.000)]and verification group[0.968(95%CI:0.917-1.000)]were respectively 0.951 and 0.968 in predicting recurrence after radical resection for liver cancer.Conclusion:The combined model that is constructed on the basis of MRI radiomics features has favorable predictive value for the recurrence of patients after radical resection for HCC.Among of them,the radiomics model of plain scan has a certain guiding role in the clinical implementation of personalized treatment plans under the absence of enhancement,and in underdeveloped areas.

Objective To explore the surgical treatment strategy for patients with thyroid cancer complicated with primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the case data of thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2016 to January 2022.Among them,22 patients with PHPT were included in study group,and 44 patients were randomly selected from thyroid cancer patients during the same period at a ratio of 1∶2 and included in control group.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay and occurrence of complications of two groups of patients were compared.Results The operation time of patients in study group was significantly longer than that in control group(P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).There were 5 cases of temporary hypocalcemia in study group,12 cases of temporary hypocalcemia and 1 case of incision infection in control group.There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of postoperative complications between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion Thyroid cancer complicated with PHPT increases the complexity of treatment.Through adequate preoperative diagnosis and reasonable surgical treatment strategies,the risks of secondary surgery and postoperative complications can be effectively reduced,and the prognosis of patients can be improved.

Objective To analyze the acupoint selection law in acupuncture treatment for sinusitis using data mining techniques.Methods Relevant literature on acupuncture treatment for sinusitis was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP and CBM from January 1,2000 to December 20,2024.Descriptive statistics were performed on the frequency of acupoint usage,meridian tropism,and regional distribution.SPSS Modeler 18.0,Cytoscape 3.10.3 and Origin Pro were employed to conduct association rule mining,co-occurrence network analysis,and systematic cluster analysis on the acupoints.Results A total of 69 articles were included,yielding 114 acupoint prescriptions involving 65 distinct acupoints.The most frequently used acupoints were Yingxiang,Yintang and Hegu,etc.;the most commonly used meridians were large intestine meridian,Governor Vessel,gallbladder meridian and bladder meridian.Acupoint selection was predominantly concentrated in the head/neck region,lower limbs and upper limbs.Among the specific acupoint categories,Jiaohui acupoint,Wushu acupoint and Yuan acupoint were used most frequently.The acupoint combinations with the strongest associations were Hegu-Yingxiang,Hegu-Yintang-Yingxiang and Fengchi-Yingxiang.The top 22 high-frequency acupoints could be grouped into 5 clusters.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment for sinusitis can exert the functions to disperse wind and unblock the orifices,drain heat and resolve turbidity,expel pathogens and alleviate pain,tonify deficiency and dissipate cold,as well as harmonize qi and blood.The characteristics of acupoint combination include a primary focus on local points supplemented by distal points,pattern differentiation-based selection,and a propensity for unblocking yang qi.The core acupuncture formula is Yingxiang-Yintang-Hegu-Fengchi.

Objective:To investigate the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital between October 2023 and September 2024. The patients were divided into RIPC group and non-RIPC group using a random number table. They were treated with closed reduction internal fixation, open reduction internal fixation, or hip arthroplasty for hip fracture under regional anesthesia. The RIPC group received RIPC intervention on the day before surgery and after entering the operating room on the day of surgery (3 cycles of 5-minute upper limb exsanguination followed by 5-minute reperfusion using an inflatable tourniquet cuff). The non-RIPC group received the same perioperative management as the RIPC group except RIPC. Plasma high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations were measured at admission, immediately after surgery, on the morning of the first postoperative day, and on the morning of the third postoperative day and MINS incidence was calculated based on the hs-cTnI concentrations. The incidence of MINS within 3 days postoperatively and the intraoperative complications were compared in the overall cohort and in age-stratified groups (<80 years, ≥80 years). The local adverse reactions at the RIPC application sites were observed within 3 days after surgery.Results:Among the 78 elderly patients with hip fracture, including 21 males and 57 females, aged 60-99 years [79.5(70.0, 87.0)years], 40 were assigned to the RIPC group and 38 to the non-RIPC group. No significant difference was found in the general data of the two groups. There was no significant difference in the overall MINS incidence between the two groups ( P>0.05). In the patients aged <80 years, no MINS incidence was found (0/21) in the RIPC group, compared with 22% (4/18) in the non-RIPC group ( P<0.05), while in the patients aged ≥80 years, no significant difference in MINS incidence was observed between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in intraoperative complication rates in the overall cohort, patients aged <80 years, or patients aged ≥80 years ( P>0.05). None of the patients had local adverse reactions at the RIPC application sites. Conclusion:For elderly patients with hip fracture who received regional anesthesia, RIPC can significantly reduce the incidence of MINS in patients aged <80 years, but exerts no significant effect on MINS incidence in the overall cohort or in patients aged ≥80 years.

Objective:To report the blood group antigen and antibody specificity identification methods for a patient with high-frequency antibodies, and the process of finding and providing compatible blood for the patient.Methods:A patient sent from the Blood Transfusion Department of Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital to Taiyuan Blood Center in November 2022 was selected for the study. Classical serological methods were used to determine the patient′s blood type, screen for unexpected antibodies, identify antibodies, and perform crossmatching. High-frequency antibody identification was carried out using red blood cells treated with various enzymes. Blood group genotyping was conducted using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and Sanger sequencing. Multiple strategies were employed to address the patient′s blood source problem. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Taiyuan Blood Center [Ethics No. 2024 Ethics Review No.(2)].Results:①The patient′s blood type was B, RhD positive. Initial screening of the patient′s serum with multiple screening cells and antibody identification cells in saline medium was negative, but positive in antiglobulin medium. The patient′s serum showed varying reaction intensities with red blood cells treated with different enzymes. ②MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense variant c. 376C>T (p.Gln126Ter) in the ABCG2 gene, resulting in the Jr(a-) phenotype. During family donor selection, the patient′s son was found to have a heterozygous variant c. 376C>T (p.Gln126Ter), and another heterozygous variant c. 421C>A (p.Gln141Lys), which predicted a Jr(a+ w) phenotype. ③Crossmatch tests confirmed the compatibility of blood from the patient′s son, which was used to address the urgent blood requirement. Later, rare blood from a Jr(a-) donor from the Guangzhou Blood Center was used for the patient′s ongoing treatment, saving the patient′s life. Conclusion:Combining classic serological testing with blood group gene typing techniques successfully identified the rare Jr(a-) blood type and high-frequency anti-Jra antibodies. Enzyme-treated red blood cell identification methods confirmed the presence of anti-Jra antibodies. By searching within the family and seeking help from other blood centers, compatible blood was found. This approach may provide insights for resolving similar complex blood matching problems in the future.