OBJECTIVE To explore the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of vitexin on inflammation in ulcerative colitis （UC） mice. METHODS The UC mice model was established by continuous administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium solution for 5 days. Mice with successful modeling were randomly divided into UC group， vitexin low- and high-dose groups （vitexin-L and vitexin-H groups， 40， 80 mg/kg）， mesalazine group （400 mg/kg）， and vitexin-H+recombinant Jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 （rJagged-1） group （vitexin-H+rJagged-1 group， 80 mg/kg vitexin+1 mg/kg rJagged-1）， with 12 mice in each group. Another 12 normal mice were used as the control （CK） group. Mice in each group were administered the corresponding drugs or the corresponding drugs and normal saline by gavage and intraperitoneal injection once daily for 7 consecutive days. General conditions were observed during the experiment. At 24 h after the last administration， the disease activity index （DAI） score was evaluated. Colonic histopathological morphology was observed and scored. Macrophage polarization levels in the spleen and colon tissues were measured. The protein expressions of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β 1 （TGF-β 1 ）， Jagged-1， Notch1 and Notch intracellular domain （NICD） in colonic tissues were determined. RESULTS Compared with the UC group， the symptoms （reduced food and water intake， dull fur， etc.） and pathological changes （epithelial cell shedding， inflammatory cell infiltration， etc.） were significantly improved in the vitexin-L， vitexin-H and mesalazine groups. DAI scores， colonic histopathological scores， M1 macrophage contents in spleen tissue， M1/M2 macrophage ratios， M1 macrophage proportions in colon tissue， and protein expressions of IL-6， TNF-α， Jagged-1， Notch1 and NICD in colon tissue were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. Meanwhile， the M2 macrophage contents in spleen tissue， M2 macrophage proportions in colon tissue， and protein expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β 1 in colon tissue were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Moreover， the improvement effects in the vitexin-H and mesalazine groups were significantly superior to those in the vitexin-L group （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the vitexin-H group， the above symptoms and pathological changes were aggravated， and all quantitative indicators were significantly reversed in the vitexin-H+rJagged-1 group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Vitexin can ameliorate the inflammation of UC mice， which is associated with its inhibition of the Jagged-1/Notch1 pathway and regulation of macrophage polarization （inhibition of M1-type polarization and promotion of M2-type polarization）.

This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

This study establishes an integrated research paradigm based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory， guided by pathological characteristics， centered on formula compatibility principles， and supported by multidisciplinary technologies， to systematically analyze the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by toxic Chinese herbal medicinals and strategies for reducing toxicity through compatibility. The findings revealed that the pathomechanism aligns closely with the "liver aversion to acute irritation" theory from Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）. The core pathology involves an imbalance between liver's form and function， which is characterized by malnourishment of liver form due to yin-blood depletion and dysfunction in ascending-dispersing and free-flowing activities， and closely linked to modern pathological mechanisms such as microcirculatory disturbances， oxidative stress， inflammatory response， metabolic disorder and gut-liver axis dysregulation. Based on this， a multi-layered compatibility strategy for toxicity reduction is put forward， which involves using sweet medicinals to alleviate urgency， balancing the liver form and its function， and pre-regulating other organs. This provides a theoretical basis for the safe application of toxic Chinese herbal medicinals.

[Objective]To study the formation,change and propagation of Liuwei Dihuang Pill.[Methods]The medical literature and other historical records about Liuwei Dihuang Pill were collected and analyzed,and the formation process,effect change,influencing factors behind the change and application of this prescription and the transmission path were discussed.[Results]Liuwei Dihuang Pill was developed by QIAN Yi,a doctor in Song Dynasty,based on the decoction of Shengqi Pill.It was used to treat kidney deficiency syndrome in children.Because the cooked Rehmannia can nourish Yin and blood,Song and Yuan Dynasties doctors also used the prescription for Yin blood deficiency.In the Ming Dynasty,with the elucidations of the Mingmen theory by the doctors of the warm-tonifying faction,this prescription became the representative formula for tonifying kidney Yin.At the same time,the spreading and population of this prescription was not only in the elite medical group,but also through the medical heritage of GAO Doukui,LYU Liuliang and FANG Yizhi,in the form of medical books,prescription books and health books in the folk.By the Qing Dynasty,the spreading of this formula had shown the characteristics of"secularization",and the literature,literati's notes,novels and other materials can reflect the use of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the folk.[Conclusion]This paper discusses the origin and development of Liuwei Dihuang Pill,which is of great significance for the study of the rise and formation of the warm-tonifying thought in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity,disability and mortality.It has a rapid onset,multifarious morbidity and complex pathogenesis,with phlegm representing as an important pathogenic factor.The treatment of the acute phase of stroke is of paramount importance in determining the prognosis of patients.The method of eliminating phlegm and opening the orifices represents a pivotal approach within the domain of Chinese medicine for the treatment of the acute phase of stroke.Moreover,contemporary medical science has corroborated the efficacy of this method through the examination of its applications from a multitude of perspectives.In this paper,the theoretical basis of the method of eliminating phlegm and opening the orifices is elaborated in depth,and the mechanism and clinical application of this method in the acute phase of stroke,such as phlegm-heat and visceral solidity,phlegm-fire stasis,wind-phlegm obstruction,and phlegm-stasis inter-conjugation,are summarized in detail,with a view to providing references to the clinical treatments.

[Objective]To study the formation,change and propagation of Liuwei Dihuang Pill.[Methods]The medical literature and other historical records about Liuwei Dihuang Pill were collected and analyzed,and the formation process,effect change,influencing factors behind the change and application of this prescription and the transmission path were discussed.[Results]Liuwei Dihuang Pill was developed by QIAN Yi,a doctor in Song Dynasty,based on the decoction of Shengqi Pill.It was used to treat kidney deficiency syndrome in children.Because the cooked Rehmannia can nourish Yin and blood,Song and Yuan Dynasties doctors also used the prescription for Yin blood deficiency.In the Ming Dynasty,with the elucidations of the Mingmen theory by the doctors of the warm-tonifying faction,this prescription became the representative formula for tonifying kidney Yin.At the same time,the spreading and population of this prescription was not only in the elite medical group,but also through the medical heritage of GAO Doukui,LYU Liuliang and FANG Yizhi,in the form of medical books,prescription books and health books in the folk.By the Qing Dynasty,the spreading of this formula had shown the characteristics of"secularization",and the literature,literati's notes,novels and other materials can reflect the use of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the folk.[Conclusion]This paper discusses the origin and development of Liuwei Dihuang Pill,which is of great significance for the study of the rise and formation of the warm-tonifying thought in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity,disability and mortality.It has a rapid onset,multifarious morbidity and complex pathogenesis,with phlegm representing as an important pathogenic factor.The treatment of the acute phase of stroke is of paramount importance in determining the prognosis of patients.The method of eliminating phlegm and opening the orifices represents a pivotal approach within the domain of Chinese medicine for the treatment of the acute phase of stroke.Moreover,contemporary medical science has corroborated the efficacy of this method through the examination of its applications from a multitude of perspectives.In this paper,the theoretical basis of the method of eliminating phlegm and opening the orifices is elaborated in depth,and the mechanism and clinical application of this method in the acute phase of stroke,such as phlegm-heat and visceral solidity,phlegm-fire stasis,wind-phlegm obstruction,and phlegm-stasis inter-conjugation,are summarized in detail,with a view to providing references to the clinical treatments.

OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)in repairing hypoxic injury to rats pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(PMVECs).METHODS ①PMVECs were treated with cobalt chloride at 0,10,25,50 and 100 μmol·L-1 for 72 h.CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability,and the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),zona occludens small-band protein 1(ZO-1),and occludin(OCLN)were detected by Western blotting.②There was a cell control group,model group,and model+DPSCs group,and the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by immunofluorescence staining after at 24 and 48 h of action.The levels of ZO-1 and OCLN proteins were detected by Western blotting.③ A cell control group,model group,model+DPSC group and model+DPSC cell knockdown superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)group were set up.The mRNA level of SOD1 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR 24 and 48 h later,while the protein levels of ZO-1 and OCLN were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS ① Com-pared with the cell control group,72 h of cobalt chloride 100 μmol·L-1 treatment of PMVECs resulted in a cell survival rate above 80%,a significant increase in the level of HIF-1α protein(P<0.05),a signifi-cant decrease in the levels of ZO-1 and OCLN proteins(P<0.01),and establishment of a model of hypoxic injury in PMVECs.② Compared with the cell control group,the ROS level was significantly higher in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the ROS level was significantly lower in the model+DPSCs group(P<0.01),while the levels of ZO-1 and OCLN proteins were signifi-cantly higher in the model+DPSCs group(P<0.05).③ Compared with the DPSC group,ZO-1 and OCLN expressions were significantly decreased after knockdown of SOD1 in DPSCs(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS DPSCs can repair hypoxic injury to PMVECs,and the anti-oxidative stress capacity of DPSCs plays an important role in hypoxic injury repair of PMVECs.

Objective:To construct and prepare recombinant virus strains chimeric with human metapneumovirus (HMPV) antigenic epitopes.Methods:Recombinant influenza virus vectors which chimeric with different HMPV antigenic epitopes were rescued by reverse genetics using eight-plasmid system. The recombinant influenza virus strain used the internal genes of A/PR/8/34 (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, NS, M, HA, and NA) as a backbone, with concomitant genetic modifications to insert the B-cell epitopes of HMPV into the HA gene, and the CTL+ Th cell epitopes of HMPV into the NA gene. Preparation of recombinant influenza virus strains using reverse genetics in a " 7+ 1" model. The recombinant virus strains were evaluated by measuring hemagglutinin (HA) titers, half tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50) and growth curves. Sequencing analysis was conducted to verify whether the rescued viruses carried the chimeric HMPV epitopes. Results:The epitopes of HMPV were inserted into the influenza virus genome and two recombinant influenza virus strains were rescued successfully, named as FLU/HMPV/B and FLU/HMPV/CTL+ Th. HA titers of the recombinant strains were both 2 7, their TCID 50 were 10 5.2/ml and 10 5.0/ml, respectively. After cultured for three passages in chick embryo, these two recombinant strains could proliferate steadily. Whole genome sequencing verified that the FLU/HMPV/B carried the B-cell epitopes of HMPV, the FLU/HMPV/CTL+ Th carried the CTL and Th cell epitopes of HMPV. Growth curve tests also verified that the recombinant strains could proliferate steadily in eggs. Conclusions:Two recombinant influenza virus vector strains carrying the B cell, CTL and Th epitopes of HMPV were rescued successfully. The result of the recombinant virus strains in terms of growth characteristics as well as genetic stability indicate that they meet the requirements for proceeding to the next step of animal experiments. The immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect will be further evaluated by mouse experiments. Ultimately new ideas for the realization of " one vaccine for two uses" or " one vaccine formultiple uses", as well as a new strategy for the development of HMPV vaccine will be proposed.