Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of clinical indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes,and to establish a simple and effective risk prediction model for type 2 diabetes complicated with coronary heart disease by screening risk prediction indicators with machine learning.Methods A retrospective study was conducted,and 217 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in the Hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 were selected.Additionally,214 patients diagnosed with T2DM during the same period in the outpatient department were selected as the con-trol group.Their routine laboratory test data were recorded.The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Op-erator(Lasso)algorithm was used to select features,and the models were built by using seven machine learn-ing algorithms:Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine,eXtreme Gradient Boosting,Logistic Regression,K-Nearest Neighbor,and Artificial Neural Network.The diagnostic efficacy of different models through receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC),area under curve(AUC),calibration curve,specificity,sensitivity,F1 value,and other indicators were evaluated.Results Twenty key factors,including age,gender,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,C-reactive protein and blood glucose were selected using Lasso regression.When incorporated into various models,the SVM model exhibited the highest sensitiv-ity(88.37％),negative predictive value(82.14％),and area under curve(0.845).The Random Forest model had the highest accuracy(76.47％),positive predictive value(76.74％),and F1 score(0.77).Meanwhile,the XGBoost algorithm demonstrated relatively good specificity(80.95％).After introducing the SHAP model,it was inferred that blood glucose had a significant positive impact on the occurrence of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Conclusion Machine learning can serve as an effective tool for assessing the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.In this study,SVM,Random Forest,and XG-Boost models all demonstrate good predictive performance,indicating promising clinical application prospects.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Gushang External Wash Granules combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy(ESWT)in treating early-to-middle-stage knee osteoarthritis(KOA)with cold-damp obstruction syndrome.Methods A total of 84 patients diagnosed as early-to-middle-stage KOA(cold-damp obstruction syndrome)at the Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic of Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)from July 2022 to July 2023 were enrolled.Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation group or control group using a random number table,with 42 cases in each group.Both groups received ESWT,while the observation group additionally underwent topical washing with Gushang External Wash Granules.The treatment course lasted 4 weeks for both groups.The changes in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores for pain,and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)scores in the two groups were measured before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment.Results(1)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate was 95.24%(40/42)in the observation group versus 76.19%(32/42)in the control group.Intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed significantly superior efficacy in the observation group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,both groups demonstrated significant reductions in VAS pain scores compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),while no statistically significant difference was found between groups(P＞0.05).(3)WOMAC scores were decreased significantly in both groups after treatment(P＜0.01),and the observation group showed significantly greater reduction than the control group(P＜0.01),with statistically significance.(4)After treatment,the scores for the TCM symptoms of intolerance of cold and limb chilling,restricted flexion-extension,and stiffness and numbness in the extremities were significantly reduced in both groups(P＜0.01),and the observation group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in all TCM syndrome scores than the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The combination of Gushang External Wash Granules and ESWT demonstrates significant efficacy for the patients with early-to-middle-stage KOA of cold-damp obstruction type,and is effective on alleviating clinical symptoms and improving knee function and quality of life of the patients.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between penetration enhancement effect and transepidermal water loss(TEWL)values of essential oils(EOs)from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).METHODS The amount of 3 kinds of glycosides(geniposide,gentiopicroside,paeoniflorin)and their oil-water partition coefficient were determined by HPLC.The penetration enhancement effect of the five EOs from Gaoliangjiang(Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma,AOR),Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma,ZR),Bohe(Menthae Haploca-lycis Herba,MHH),Hujiao(Piperis Fructus,PF)and Wuzhuyu(Euodiae Fructus,EF)on geniposide,gentiopicroside,and paeoniflor-in were performed by the modified Franz diffusion cell method with the abdominal skin of rats.The TEWL values were measured to evalu-ate the effect of the five EOs on the skin barrier function of rats.The correlation between penetration enhancement effect of EOs and their effect on skin barrier function was investigated by correlation analysis.RESULTS AOR oil,ZR oil,MHH oil,and PF oil could im-prove the absorption of the three glycosides and reduce skin barrier function of rats.The results of correlation analysis showed that the penetration enhancement effect of EOs was significantly related to TEWL values following dermal administration of EOs.CONCLUSION TEWL measurement technology provides a more convenient method for the selection of penetration enhancers.

Objective This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Naoxinqing on non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet through network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods ApoE-/-mice were given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish the NAFLD model,followed by a 12-week Naoxinqing administration. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Naoxinqing on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet,biochemical and histopathological experiments were performed,including assessment of blood lipids,liver function,serum inflammatory factors,as well as Hematoxylin and eosin (HE),Oil red O,and Sirius red staining of liver. Subsequently,network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to predict the key targets of Naoxinqing. Finally,the mechanism of Naoxinqing was validated by Western Blot in HepG2 cells and liver tissue. Results The results of serum biochemistry and liver tissue pathology showed that Naoxinqing can significantly improve high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation,hepatocellular injury,and inflammation. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis results suggested that Naoxinqing may affect lipid metabolism through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway. Finally,in vitro cell experiment confirmed that the main mechanism of Naoxinqing is to activative the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway,upregulate the expression of downstream carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A),promote fatty acid oxidation,and ultimately improve NAFLD. Conclusion This study demonstrated that Naoxinqing improved NAFLD by promoting fatty acid oxidation through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of Neuron MAX sheath applicated in transradial access(TRA)neurointervention.Methods Data of 44 patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent TRA neurointervention using Neuron MAX sheath were retrospectively analyzed.The operative success rate,the adverse events during and after operation were recorded,and the occlusion of radial artery 6 months after treatment were followed up.Results The operative success rate of TRA neurointervention using Neuron MAX sheath was 95.45%(42/44).Neuron MAX sheath kinked during operation in 2 cases,but intervention treatment were successfully performed through transfemoral access.After treatments,aneurysms in 27 cases were successfully embolized,and symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in 14 cases were successfully treated with simple balloon dilation(2 cases)or/and stenting(12 cases),whereas carotid-cavernous fistulas completely disappeared in 2 cases,and cerebral arteriovenous malformation achieved curative embolization in 1 case.Asymptomatic dissection of brachiocephalic trunk occurred in 1 case during intervention,and CT showed infarction in right temporoparietal lobe in 1 patient who underwent embolization of right middle cerebral artery aneurysm.Radial artery occlusion was found in 6 patients 6 months after treatments.Conclusion Neuron MAX sheath was effective and safe for TRA neurointervention.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage in parturients undergoing vaginal delivery with a second child and establish a risk prediction model.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 2 500 parturients undergoing vaginal delivery with a second child who underwent regular prenatal examinations at Peking University Third Hospital from July 2019 to March 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the amount of blood loss, parturients with blood loss greater than or equal to 500 ml within 24 hours after delivery were selected as the case group ( n=278), while parturients with blood loss less than 500 ml within 24 hours after delivery in the same period were selected as the control group ( n=2 222). Univariate analysis and binomial Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of postpartum hemorrhage in parturients with vaginal delivery with a second child. Based on the selected risk factors, a nomogram prediction model was established using R software, and the consistency of the model was tested. Results:The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in 2 500 parturients undergoing vaginal delivery with a second child was 11.12% (278/2 500). Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, pre-delivery body mass index, lateral perineal incision, neonatal weight, placenta previa, placenta implantation and manual extraction of placenta were the influencing factors for postpartum hemorrhage in parturients undergoing vaginal delivery with a second child ( P<0.05). According to the influencing factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the probability of postpartum hemorrhage in women who gave birth to a second child. The C- index of the prediction model was 0.706, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.706, and the χ 2 value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was 7.720 ( P=0.461) . Conclusions:In vitro fertilization embryo transfer, pre-delivery body mass index, perineal lateral resection, neonatal weight, placenta previa, placental implantation and manual extraction of placenta are risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in parturients undergoing vaginal delivery for a second child. The prediction model constructed based on risk factors has certain accuracy and clinical value for predicting postpartum hemorrhage in parturients with vaginal delivery of a second child.

In magnetic resonance examination,the interaction between implants and the radio frequency(RF)fields induces heating in human tissue and may cause tissue damage.To assess the RF-induced heating of implants,three steps should be executed,including electromagnetic model construction,electromagnetic model validation,and virtual human body simulations.The crucial step of assessing RF-induced heating involves the construction of a test environment for electromagnetic model validation.In this study,a hardware environment,comprised of a RF generation system,electromagnetic field measurement system,and a robotic arm positioning system,was established.Furthermore,an automated control software environment was developed using a Python-based software development platform to enable the creation of a high-precision automated integrated test environment.The results indicate that the electric field generated in this test environment aligns well with the simulated electric field,making it suitable for assessing the RF-induced heating effects of implants.

Background::The complete mesogastrium excision (CME) based on D2 radical gastrectomy is believed to significantly reduce the local-regional recurrence compared with D2 radical gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer, and it is widely used in China. This study aimed to explore whether D2 + CME is superior to D2 on surgical outcomes during gastrectomy from Chinese data.Methods::Feasible studies comparing the D2 + CME (D2 + CME group) and D2 (D2 group) published up to March 2020 are searched from electronic databases. The data showing surgical and complication outcomes are extracted to be pooled and analyzed.Results::Fourteen records including 1352 patients were included. The D2 + CME group had a shorter mean operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -16.72 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -26.56 to - 6.87 min, P < 0.001), lower mean blood loss (WMD = -39.08 mL, 95% CI: -49.94 to -28.21 mL, P < 0.001), higher mean number of retrieved lymph nodes (WMD = 2.13, 95% CI: 0.58-3.67, P = 0.007), shorter time to first flatus (WMD =-0.31 d, 95% CI: -0.53 to - 0.10 d, P = 0.005), and postoperative hospital days (WMD =-1.09, 95% CI: -1.92 to -0.25, P = 0.010) than the D2 group. Subgroup analysis suggested that the advantages from the D2 + CME group were obvious in traditional open radical gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy, and distal gastrectomy compared with D2 group. The evaluations of post-operative complications showed that the patients who underwent D2 + CME had a lower incidence of post-operative complications than the patients who underwent D2 surgery alone (relative risk [RR] = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.87, P = 0.003). The D2 radical gastrectomy plus CME improved 3-year overall survival (OS) (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32, P = 0.020) and lowered the local recurrence rate (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94, P = 0.030). The patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery or total gastrectomy had more significant advantages compared between D2 + CME and D2 groups in 3-year OS. Conclusion::The data from China show that D2 radical gastrectomy plus CME are reliable procedures and safety compared to D2 radical gastrectomy with faster recovery, lower risk, and better prognosis.

Objectve To analyze the EV71 vaccination of children in Hannan District of Wuhan, providing a reference for the adjustment of EV71 vaccination strategy. Methods Based on the Hubei Province Immunization Program Information Management System, the general information and the Immunization information of the inactivated EV71 vaccine in children born between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 managed by the inoculation department of Hannan was collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to calculate the vaccination rate and vaccination quality. Results Vaccination rate for first dose and full vaccination of EV71 vaccine of children in Hannan were 49.95% and 42.82% . Vaccination rate for first dose of local children was lower than that of ecdemic children (P <0.005), and Vaccination rate for full vaccination was slightly higher than that of ecdemic children (P=0.859). Vaccination rate for first dose and full vaccination of children in rural  areas were lower than those in urban areas (P <0.005) ). Vaccination rates were obvious differences among children of various age groups (P <0.005). Full vaccination rate of 6-11 months of age were 15.66%, full vaccination rate of children of the later the time of birth were the higher(P <0.005), full vaccination rate of the local children were lower than the ecdemic children (P <0.005), while which of children in urban areas were higher than children in rural areas (P <0.005). Between the two dose of vaccination, the unqualified vaccination rate was 5.54%, the timely vaccination rate was 66.94%, and the qualified vaccination rate was 27.52%. The timely vaccination rate of children of the later the time of birth were the higher (P <0.005). The unqualified vaccination and timely vaccination of local children were higher than ecdemic children (P = 0.02), Unqualified vaccination for children in urban areas is lower and timely vaccination is higher than that in rural areas (P <0.005). Conclusion The EV71 vaccination rate of children in Hannan increased year by year, but was far from establishing herd immunity barrier. Propaganda of HFMD prevention and control knowledge must be strengthened, increasing the coverage rate of full vaccination of children before 1 year of age and the timely vaccination rate of the second dose.