ObjectiveIn nature, objects cast shadows due to illumination, forming the basis for stereoscopic perception. Birds need to adapt to changes in lighting (meaning they can recognize stereoscopic shapes even when shadows look different) to accurately perceive different three-dimensional forms. However, how neurons in the key visual brain area in birds handle these lighting changes remains largely unreported. In this study, pigeons (Columba livia) were used as subjects to investigate how neurons in pigeon’s ventrolateral mesopallium (MVL) represent stereoscopic shapes consistently, regardless of changes in lighting. MethodsVisual cognitive training combined with neuronal recording was employed. Pigeons were first trained to discriminate different stereoscopic shapes (concave/convex). We then tested whether and how light luminance angle and surface appearance of the stereoscopic shapes affect their recognition accuracy, and further verify whether the results rely on specify luminance color. Simultaneously, neuronal firing activity of neurons was recorded with multiple electrode array implanted from the MVL during the presentation of difference shapes. The response was finally analyzed how selectively they responded to different stereoscopic shapes and whether their selectivity was affected by the changes of luminance condition (like lighting angle) or surface look. Support vector machine (SVM) models were trained on neuronal population responses recorded under one condition (light luminance angle of 45°) and used to decode responses under other conditions (light luminance angle of 135°, 225°, 315°) to verify the invariance of responses to different luminance conditions. ResultsBehavioral results from 6 pigeons consistently showed that the pigeons could reliably identify the core 3D shape (over 80% accuracy), and this ability wasn’t affected by changes in light angle or surface appearance. Statistical analysis of 88 recorded neurons from 6 pigeons revealed that 83% (73/88) showed strong selectivity for specific 3D shapes (selectivity index>0.3), and responses to convex shapes were consistently stronger than to concave shapes. These shape-selective responses remained stable across changes in light angle and surface appearance. Neural patterns were consistent under both blue and orange lighting. The decoding accuracy achieves above 70%, suggesting stable responses under different conditions (e.g., different lighting angles or surface appearance). ConclusionNeurons in the pigeon MVL maintain a consistent neural encoding pattern for different stereoscopic shapes, unaffected by illumination or surface appearance. This ensures stable object recognition by pigeons in changing visual environments. Our findings provide new physiological evidence for understanding how birds achieve stable perception (“invariant neural representations”) while coping with variations in the visual field.

Aim To investigate the possible mecha-nism of UNC5B-AS1 in regulating the malignant biolog-ical behavior of osteosarcoma cells.Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of UNC5B-AS1 in osteosarcoma cells MG63,osteosarcoma cells U2OS and osteoblast cells hFOB1.19.After overexpression and knockdown of UNC5B-AS1 in osteosarcoma cells,the proliferation,migration and apoptosis of osteosarco-ma cells were detected by CCK-8 assay,Transwell as-say and flow cytometry,respectively.At the same time,RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of UNC5B-AS1 overexpression and knock-down on the mRNA and protein expression of key fac-tors in the NF-κB signaling pathway.Results Com-pared with normal osteoblast hFOB1.19,UNC5B-AS1 expression was differentially increased in osteosarcoma cells MG63 and U2OS.Overexpression of UNC5B-AS1 significantly promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and significantly increased the migration ability of osteosarcoma cells,while the apoptosis rate markedly decreased,and NF-κB signaling pathway-related mR-NA and protein expressions apparently increased.Knockdown of UNC5B-AS1 evidently inhibited the pro-liferation of osteosarcoma cells and significantly re-duced the migration ability of osteosarcoma cells,while the apoptosis rate markedly increased,the NF-κB sig-naling pathway related mRNA and protein expression significantly reduced.Conclusions lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells,which may affect the malignant biological behavior of osteo-sarcoma cells by activating the NF-κB signaling path-way.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of meridian massage in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods Between July 2020 and April 2023,82 patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected,including 58 males and 24 females,aged from 23 to 55 years old with an average of(43.76±6.64)years old.According to the different treatment methods,they were divided into observation group and control group with 41 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine treatment,and the observation group was treated with meridian massage on the basis of routine treatment.In the control group,there were 30 males and 11 females;aged from 22 to 52 years old with an average of(42.27±9.34)years old;the Body mass index(BMI)ranged from 19 to 28 kg·m-2 with an average of(23.82±1.08)kg·m-2;the course of disease ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 years(2.40±0.48)years.There were 28 cases in L4,5 segment and 13 cases in L5S1 segment.In the observation group,there were 28 males and 13 females;the age ranged from 19 to 54 years old(42.19±9.26)years old;the BMI ranged from 18 to 29 kg·m-2 with an average of(23.73±1.15)kg·m-2;the course of disease ranged from 0.6 to 2.8 with an average of(2.56±0.45)years;there were 26 cases in L4,5 segment and 15 cases in L5S1 segment.Visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),M-JOA score and TCM syndrome score were measured before and after 3 courses of treatment,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated by the standard of curative effect evaluation.Results After treatment,VAS[(3.24±1.45)vs(4.46±0.64)],ODI[(11.45±1.98)％vs(17.21±2.74)％]and TCM symptom score[(2.03±0.27)vs(3.99±0.54)]of the observation group were lower than those of the control group.The score of M-JOA[(23.43±2.61)vs(19.37±1.62)]increased(P＜0.05).The scores of VAS,ODI andTCM symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,while the scores of M-JOA were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Meridian massage is effective in the treatment of LDH,which can effectivelyrelieve low back pain,improve clinical symptoms and increaselumbar function,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: The effect on fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscles in degenerative lumbar spinal diseases has been demonstrated except for spinopelvic parameters. The present study is to identify the effect of spinopelvic parameters on FI of paraspinal muscle (PSM) and psoas major muscle (PMM) in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study of 160 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and lumbar stenosis (LSS) who had lateral full-spine x-ray and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging was conducted. PSM and PMM FIs were defined as the ratio of fat to its muscle cross-sectional area. The FIs were compared among patients with different pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI), respectively. Results: The PSM FI correlated significantly with pelvic parameters in DLS patients, but not in LSS patients. The PSM FI in pelvic retroversion (PT > 25°) was 0.54 ± 0.13, which was significantly higher in DLS patients than in normal pelvis (0.41 ± 0.14) and pelvic anteversion (PT < 5°) (0.34 ± 0.12). The PSM FI of DLS patients with large PI ( > 60°) was 0.50 ± 0.13, which was higher than those with small ( < 45°) and normal PI (0.37 ± 0.11 and 0.36 ± 0.13). However, the PSM FI of LSS patients didn’t change significantly with PT or PI. Moreover, the PMM FI was about 0.10–0.15, which was significantly lower than the PSM FI, and changed with PT and PI in a similar way of PSM FI with much less in magnitude. Conclusion FI of the PSMs increased with greater pelvic retroversion or larger pelvic incidence in DLS patients, but not in LSS patients.

Objective: The effect on fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscles in degenerative lumbar spinal diseases has been demonstrated except for spinopelvic parameters. The present study is to identify the effect of spinopelvic parameters on FI of paraspinal muscle (PSM) and psoas major muscle (PMM) in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study of 160 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and lumbar stenosis (LSS) who had lateral full-spine x-ray and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging was conducted. PSM and PMM FIs were defined as the ratio of fat to its muscle cross-sectional area. The FIs were compared among patients with different pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI), respectively. Results: The PSM FI correlated significantly with pelvic parameters in DLS patients, but not in LSS patients. The PSM FI in pelvic retroversion (PT > 25°) was 0.54 ± 0.13, which was significantly higher in DLS patients than in normal pelvis (0.41 ± 0.14) and pelvic anteversion (PT < 5°) (0.34 ± 0.12). The PSM FI of DLS patients with large PI ( > 60°) was 0.50 ± 0.13, which was higher than those with small ( < 45°) and normal PI (0.37 ± 0.11 and 0.36 ± 0.13). However, the PSM FI of LSS patients didn’t change significantly with PT or PI. Moreover, the PMM FI was about 0.10–0.15, which was significantly lower than the PSM FI, and changed with PT and PI in a similar way of PSM FI with much less in magnitude. Conclusion FI of the PSMs increased with greater pelvic retroversion or larger pelvic incidence in DLS patients, but not in LSS patients.

Objective: The effect on fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscles in degenerative lumbar spinal diseases has been demonstrated except for spinopelvic parameters. The present study is to identify the effect of spinopelvic parameters on FI of paraspinal muscle (PSM) and psoas major muscle (PMM) in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study of 160 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and lumbar stenosis (LSS) who had lateral full-spine x-ray and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging was conducted. PSM and PMM FIs were defined as the ratio of fat to its muscle cross-sectional area. The FIs were compared among patients with different pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI), respectively. Results: The PSM FI correlated significantly with pelvic parameters in DLS patients, but not in LSS patients. The PSM FI in pelvic retroversion (PT > 25°) was 0.54 ± 0.13, which was significantly higher in DLS patients than in normal pelvis (0.41 ± 0.14) and pelvic anteversion (PT < 5°) (0.34 ± 0.12). The PSM FI of DLS patients with large PI ( > 60°) was 0.50 ± 0.13, which was higher than those with small ( < 45°) and normal PI (0.37 ± 0.11 and 0.36 ± 0.13). However, the PSM FI of LSS patients didn’t change significantly with PT or PI. Moreover, the PMM FI was about 0.10–0.15, which was significantly lower than the PSM FI, and changed with PT and PI in a similar way of PSM FI with much less in magnitude. Conclusion FI of the PSMs increased with greater pelvic retroversion or larger pelvic incidence in DLS patients, but not in LSS patients.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a time-saving and cost-effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regime, has been shown to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism underlying iTBS-induced cognitive enhancement remains unknown. Previous studies suggested that mitochondrial functions are modulated by magnetic stimulation. Here, we showed that iTBS upregulates the expression of iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (ISCA1, an essential regulatory factor for mitochondrial respiration) in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that iTBS modulates mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly to facilitate mitochondrial respiration and function, which is required for ISCA1. Moreover, iTBS rescues cognitive decline and attenuates AD-type pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. The present study uncovers a novel mechanism by which iTBS modulates mitochondrial respiration and function via ISCA1-mediated iron-sulfur cluster assembly to alleviate cognitive impairments and pathologies in AD. We provide the mechanistic target of iTBS that warrants its therapeutic potential for AD patients.
Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Alzheimer Disease/therapy* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy* ; Cognition ; Sulfur ; Iron ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; Mitochondrial Proteins

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment scheme of periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)caused by Cutibacterium avidum(C.avidum).Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with PJI caused by C.avidum was summarized,and relevant literatures in the database were retrieved for review.Results A 65-year-old female patient with body mass index(BMI)of 31.1 kg/m2 underwent left humeral head prosthesis replacement surgery following a left proximal humerus fracture.Ten months after the surgery,the pa-tient exhibited poor wound healing and oozing,along with limited movement of the left shoulder joint,and was diag-nosed infection following shoulder arthroplasty.Patient underwent debridement of the infected lesion and removal of the prosthesis.The tissue,bone cement and prosthesis were cultured for C.avidum.Four literatures were re-trieved and screened,a total of 30 patients with PJI(28 cases hip joint infection and 2 cases shoulder joint infection)caused by C.avidum were reported through literature retrieval,and 78.6％(n=22)total hip arthroplasty(THA)surgeries were performed using direct anterior approach(DAA).The positive rate of preoperative joint fluid culture was 71.4％,29 cases underwent surgical combined with sensitive antimicrobials treatment.Except for one patient who had repeated infection and underwent three surgeries,other patients had a good prognosis.Conclusion PJI caused by C.avidum is mostly seen in THA patients who are obese and undergo DAA,with a few cases reported after shoulder arthroplasty.The high sensitivity of preoperative joint fluid culture provides an important basis for the development of surgical strategies and anti-infection protocols.

Objective To investigate the effects of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine controlled hypotension on coagulation function,cerebral oxygen metabolism and amino acid neurotransmitter levels in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.Methods The elderly patients who underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery were divided into group A(given dexmedetomidine for hypotension),group B(given remifentanil for hypotension)and group C(given remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine for hypotension)according to different anesthetic drugs.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and heart rate(HR)were compared among the 3 groups.Cerebral oxygen metabolism[arterial oxygen content,(CaO2),oxygen saturation of internal jugular vein(SjvO2),oxygen content of internal jugular vein(CjvO2)],coagulation function[activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),plasma fibrinogen(FIB)],amino acid neurotransmitters[glutamic acid(Glu),aspartate(Asp),gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)]were compared,and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions during the trial were compared.Results At 12 h after anesthesia,the APTT of group A,group B and group C were(17.26±2.77),(17.37±2.92)and(31.11±4.74)s,respectively.GABA were(18.74±2.71),(19.22±2.60)and(23.37±2.59)mmol·L-1,respectively.3 min after withdrawal,CaO2 in group A,group B and group C were(139.31±9.03),(140.90±8.70)and(131.75±10.11)mL·L-1,respectively;SjvO2 were(63.59±2.23)％,(63.40±2.44)％and(68.82±3.36)％,respectively.The above indexes of group C were compared with those of group A and group B,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse drug reactions in group A,B and C were 12.82％,27.50％and 7.32％,respectively.The incidence of adverse drug reactions in group C were lower than that in group A and group B(P＜0.05).Conclusion Remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine for controlled hypotension in elderly orthopedic surgery has better blood pressure control effect,can improve postoperative coagulation function,maintain cerebral oxygen metabolism balance,reduce cognitive function injury and anesthesia adverse drug reactions.

Seven triterpenoids were isolated and purified from the 95% aqueous EtOH extract whole plants of P. villosa by various chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Based on physicochemical properties and spectral analyses, the structures of the seven compounds were identified as 29-acetoxyoleanolic acid-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (1), oleanolic acid (2), 3β-hydroxy-24-norursa-4(23),12,20(30)-trien-28-oic acid (3), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), hederagenin (6), oleanolic acid 3-O-arabinoside (7). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7 are isolated from P. villosa for the first time. All compounds were assayed for their anti-inflammatory activity by the prodution of NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 significantly inhibited the NO release.