Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficiency of robotic visualization system(RVS)-assisted microsurgical re-construction of the reproductive tract in male rats and the satisfaction of the surgeons.Methods:We randomly divided 8 adult male SD rats into an experimental and a control group,the former treated by RVS-assisted microsurgical vasoepididymostomy(VE)or vaso-vasostomy(VV),and the latter by VE or VV under the standard operating microscope(SOM).We compared the operation time,me-chanical patency and anastomosis leakage immediately after surgery,and the surgeons'satisfaction between the two groups.Results:No statistically significant difference was observed the operation time between the experimental and the control groups,and no anasto-mosis leakage occurred after VV in either group.The rate of mechanical patency immediately after surgery was 100％in both groups,and that of anastomosis leakage after VE was 16.7％in the experimental group and 14.3％in the control.Compared with the control group,the experimental group achieved dramatically higher scores on visual comfort(3.00±0.76 vs 4.00±0.53,P＜0.05),neck/back comfort(2.75±1.16 vs 4.38±1.06,P＜0.01)and man-machine interaction(3.88±1.55 va 4.88±0.35,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the scores on image definition and operating room suitability between the two groups.Conclusion:RVS can be used in microsurgical reconstruction of the reproductive tract in male rats and,with its advantages over SOM in ergonomic design and image definition,has a potential application value in male reproductive system micosurgery.

Objective:To compare hamstring tendon graft (HTG), ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS), and mixed HTG & LARS ligament in reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 59 patients with PCL rupture who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for arthroscopic PCL reconstruction between January 2018 and August 2021. The patients were divided into 3 groups: in the HTG group of 21 cases [14 males and 7 females aged (37.8±12.6) years], PCL was reconstructed by HTG; in the LARS group of 20 cases [12 males and 8 females aged (34.3±9.1) years], PCL was reconstructed by LARS; in the mixed group of 18 cases [13 males and 5 females aged (33.2±8.3) years], PCL was reconstructed by the mixed HTG & LARS ligament. The 3 groups were compared in terms of Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and laxity disparity between bilateral knees at 1 and 2 years after surgery.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 3 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). One year after surgery, the mixed group had a significantly higher IKDC score [(90.0±6.5) points] than the HTG group [(78.1±5.7) points] and the LARS group [(84.1±7.3) points], and a significantly higher Lysholm score [(88.9±5.5) points] and a significantly smaller laxity disparity between bilateral knees [(2.8±1.7) mm] than the HTG group [(81.8±4.6) points, (4.7±2.4) mm] ( P<0.05). Two years after surgery, the mixed group had a Lysholm score of (93.0±4.5) points, a IKDC score of (92.5±5.7) points, and a laxity disparity between bilateral knees of (2.3±1.8) mm, all significantly better than those in the HTG group [(88.5±5.5) points, (82.7±5.7) points, and (4.2±2.5) mm] and in the LARS group [(89.0±5.2) points, (86.5±7.3) points, and (3.8±2.2) mm] ( P<0.05). In all the 3 groups, the knee function scores and laxity disparities between bilateral knees at 1 and 2 years after surgery were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Satisfactory clinical outcomes can be obtained after arthroscopic PCL reconstruction using HTG, LARS or the mixed HTG & LARS ligament. However, the mixed ligament as a graft can achieve better clinical efficacy than the other two grafts.

Three-dimensional graphene hydrogel(3DGH)was successfully prepared through a hydrothermal method,followed by its composition with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)to construct a highly sensitive Au/3DGH graphene electrochemical transistor(GECT)dopamine(DA)sensor.AuNPs are efficient electrocatalytic materials.However,their tendency to aggregate during electrodeposition hinds the practical application.The porous and interconnected network structure of 3DGH provided abundant attachment sites,effectively preventing AuNPs aggregation.By modifying the sensor's gate with Au/3DGH,the excellent electrocatalytic performance of Au/3DGH towards DA and the high sensitivity of GECT were utilized to achieve highly sensitive detection of DA.The sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 20 nmol/L and a linear range of 20 nmol/L to 2.5 mmol/L.Remarkably,the sensor showed high sensitivity,excellent selectivity and strong stability,and hold great potnetial in highly sensitive portable detection of DA in disease prevention and clinical monitoring.

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mice and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,and low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules(6 in each group).In control group,only right kidney ureter was exposed and dissected.In model group,the UUO animal model was established by UUO.In low and high dose groups,mice were administered intragastrically at doses of 3.8 and 7.6 g/kg of Chaihuang Yishen Granules respectively,following the model group's method to establish the UUO model.After 7 days,the mice were euthanized and renal samples were collected.HE and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes and fibrosis degree of the kidneys in each group,Sirius red staining was used to observe collagen deposition.The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin(FN),type Ⅰ collagen(Col-Ⅰ),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β),and β-catenin related proteins were detected using Western blotting.Changes in A33 and GSK-3β,β-catenin mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR.Additionally,a normal transformed C3H mouse kidney-1(TCMK1)was used as control(normal group);an in vitro fibrosis model was established using TCMK1 stimulated with Transforming Growth Factor-β(TGF-β);and an in vitro drug model was established using TCMK1 treated with serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules.A33 was overexpressed in TCMK1 cells using a transfection with an A33 overexpression plasmid,and changes in fibrosis-related indicators and the expression of A33 and GSK-3β,β-catenin mRNA were observed.Results RT-PCR results showed that,compared with control group,A33 level was significantly increased in model group,while it was significantly reduced in both low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed that the expression levels of fibrosis-related factors such as α-SMA,FN,Col-Ⅰ in model group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05);while compared with model group,the expression levels of α-SMA,FN,Col-Ⅰ in low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules were significantly lower(P＜0.05).HE,Masson,immunohistochemical staining results showed that model group had severe kidney structural damage,significant increase in collagen deposition,and significantly higher expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in control group(P＜0.01).In contrast,low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules had good kidney structure,significant improvement in kidney damage and fibrosis,and significantly lower expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in model group(P＜0.05).In vitro experiment results confirmed that,compared with normal group,A33 overexpression promoted the upregulation of fibrosis-related factors in TCMK1 cells,significantly increase the expression of downstream target genes GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(P＜0.05),and A33 overexpression reversed the cellular fibrosis changes downregulated by the serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules(P＜0.01).Conclusion Chaihuang Yishen Granules significantly improve renal fibrosis in UUO mice by downregulating the A33/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,suggesting that A33 may be a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the etiology composition and outcomes of pediatric chronic critical illness (PCCI) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: The children who were hospitalized in the PICU of Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University and met the diagnostic criteria for PCCI from January 2017 to December 2022 were included in the study. The etiology of the children was classified based on their medical records and discharge diagnoses. Relevant clinical data during hospitalization were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 3 955 hospitalized children in the PICU from January 2017 to December 2022, 321 cases (8.12%) met the diagnostic criteria for PCCI. Among the 321 cases, the most common etiology was infection (71.3%, 229 cases), followed by unintentional injury (12.8%, 41 cases), postoperation (5.9%, 19 cases), tumors/immune system diseases (5.0%, 16 cases), and genetic and chromosomal diseases (5.0%, 16 cases). Among the 321 cases, 249 cases (77.6%) were discharged after improvement, 37 cases (11.5%) were discharged at the request of the family, and 35 cases (10.9%) died in the hospital. Among the deaths, infection accounted for 74% (26/35), unintentional injury accounted for 17% (6/35), tumors/immune system diseases accounted for 6% (2/35), and genetic and chromosomal diseases accounted for 3% (1/35). From 2017 to 2022, the proportion of PCCI in PICU diseases showed an increasing trend year by year (P<0.05). Among the 321 children with PCCI, there were 148 infants and young children (46.1%), 57 preschool children (17.8%), 54 school-aged children (16.8%), and 62 adolescents (19.3%), with the highest proportion in the infant and young children group (P<0.05). The in-hospital mortality rates of the four age groups were 14.9% (22/148), 8.8% (5/57), 5.6% (3/54), and 8.1% (5/62), respectively. The infant and young children group had the highest mortality rate, but there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of PCCI in PICU diseases is increasing, and the main causes are infection and unintentional injury. The most common cause of death in children with PCCI is infection. The PCCI patient population is mainly infants and young children, and the in-hospital mortality rate of infant and young children with PCCI is relatively high.
Adolescent ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Child ; Critical Illness ; Prognosis ; Child, Hospitalized ; Chronic Disease ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric

ObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic action and mechanism of intrathecal 2R， 6R-hydroxynorketamine （2R， 6R-HNK） on spared nerve injury （SNI）-induced chronic neuropathic pain （CNP） in female mice. MethodsSNI was used to establish acute and chronic CNP models in female mice. The mice were randomly divided into different groups with administration of vehicle， 2R， 6R-HNK or S-ketamine （10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection/i.p. or 7， 21 μmol/L intrathecal injection/i.t.） at 3 weeks after or 30 min/1 d before operation （n = 3 - 7 mice/group）. The curative or preventive effect of 2R， 6R-HNK was evaluated by mechanical paw withdrawal threshold （PWT） and the analgesic efficiency. Finally， immunofluorescence and RT-PCR of dorsal root ganglion （DRG） and spinal dorsal horn （SDH） were used to explore the possible mechanisms. ResultsCompared with vehicle， intrathecal injection of 2R， 6R-HNK largely reversed SNI-induced bilateral mechanical allodynia in a delayed-and-dose-dependent way. Among them， 21 μmol/L 2R， 6R-HNK reached its maximum analgesic efficiency （75.32±7.69） % at 2 d. Pre-intrathecal delivery of 2R， 6R-HNK also delayed the development of bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity 2 - 3 d induced by SNI. Mechanically， 2R， 6R-HNK reversed not only the abnormal excitability of neurons in bilateral DRG and superficial SDH， but also the upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） and brain-derived nerve growth factor （BDNF） in DRG. ConclusionIntrathecal administration of 2R， 6R-HNK exerts an analgesic effect against CNP， probably via suppressing abnormal neuronal excitability in ascending pain pathway as well as down-regulating CGRP and BDNF expression in DRG neurons.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether there exists gender differences in mechanical pain hypersensitivity induced by the subcutaneous injection of macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF） in normal mice and to explore the preliminary mechanism. MethodsThirty 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups， (n = 10 mice/group, half male and half female). The albumin control group （BSA， 0.3 μg）， low dose M-CSF group （L M-CSF， 0.075 μg） and high dose M-CSF group （H M-CSF， 0.3 μg） received 50 μL BSA or M-CSF injected subcutaneously into the left medial thigh once daily for 3 consecutive days. Before and after drug administration， von-Frey mechanical sensitivity test was used to detect the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold （PWT） in each group. Immunofluorescence was performed to examine the expression changes of Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in skin， calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） and phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK） in L5-L6 DRG and lumbar spinal dorsal horn. ResultsIn female mice， only high dose of M-CSF caused mechanical allodynia， whereas in male mice both doses produced marked allodynia. Mechanically， high-dose M-CSF induced massive aggregation of subcutaneous macrophages （marked by Iba1） in male and female mice， but more dramatic dependence in female mice. Similar gender differences were also found in the increase of p-ERK and CGRP expression in dorsal root ganglion （DRGs）. Notably， CGRP expression was especially elevated in the fibers of DRG in male mice. Correspondingly， the expressions of p-ERK and CGRP⁺ terminals in the superficial spinal dorsal horn of male mice were significantly higher than those of female mice after M-CSF treatment. ConclusionSubcutaneous injection of M-CSF triggers sexual dimorphism in mechanical pain hypersensitivity, which is related with differential changes in peripheral macrophage expansion and sensitization of the nociceptive pathway.

The shortage of Paridis Rhizoma promotes comprehensive utilization and development research of waste aerial parts of the original plant. The chemical compositions of the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis were clarified based on the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupoles time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) in the previous investigation, and a series of flavonoids and steroidal saponins were isolated. The present study continued the isolation and structure identification of the new potential compounds discovered based on UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. By using silica gel, ODS, flash rapid preparation, and other column chromatography techniques, combined with prepared high performance liquid chromatography, five compounds were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and their structures were identified by spectral data combined with chemical transformations, respectively, as(23S,25R)-23,27-dihydroxy-diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),(25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),(25R)-27-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-en-3β,27-dihydroxyspirost-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),(25R)-27-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-en-3β,27-dihydroxyspirost-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), and aculeatiside A(5). Among them, compounds 1-4 were new ones, and compound 5 was isolated from P. polyphylla var. chinensis for the first time.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Saponins/analysis* ; Liliaceae/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Melanthiaceae ; Molecular Structure

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy*

Six new (1-6) and seven known depsidones (7-13) were isolated from the culture of an ant (Monomorium chinensis)-derived fungus Spiromastix sp. MY-1. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including high resolution MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The new bromide depsidones were obtained through supplementing potassium bromide in the fermentation medium of Spiromastix sp. MY-1. All isolated compounds showed various bioactivities against the tested phytopathogenic bacteria. Particularly, new bromide compound 4, named spiromastixone S, exhibited the strongest activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with a MIC value of 5.2 μmol·^-1.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ants ; Bromides ; Depsides ; Fungi ; Lactones ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure