As a cheap and effective antibiotic,sulfonamides are often used in animal husbandry.However,their residues in animal-derived foodstuffs will threaten human health.Consequently,a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method integrated with supramolecular solvent microextraction was successfully established for simultaneous quantification of sulfonamide residues sulfachlorpyridazine,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimethoxine in milk matrices.This approach exhibited prominent characteristics of operational simplicity,environmental sustainability,and high extraction efficiency.The supramolecular solvents prepared by tributyl octylphosphine tetrafluoroborate and tetrahydrofuran were employed as extraction solvents.The analytes underwent isolation and concentration via dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)prior to quantitative determination using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The composition and microscopic morphology of the supramolecular solvent were characterized through a series of analytical techniques,including phase diagram,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and inverted fluorescence microscopy and so on.The density and pH value of supramolecular solvents were determined.The extraction conditions were optimized through the one-factor experiments.The experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal extraction conditions,the four kinds of sulfonamide antibiotics exhibited excellent linearity within respective detection range(R2 ≥ 0.9998)and the limits of detection(LOD)were 0.67-1.45 μg/L.Compared with literature methods,this approach offered some advantages such as simplicity of operation and less reagent consumption,and could be used for analysis and detection of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in milk samples.The present method provided technical support for food safety regulation and paved a new way for the application of supramolecular solvents in the field of extraction and separation.

Objective To explore the effect of Qingre Xiaoyanning tablets on chronic toxicity in SD rats.Methods A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group(water)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(2.63,5.25 and 10.50 g·kg 1 Qingre Xiaoyanning dry paste powder),with 30 rats per group.Four groups were administered continuously for 4 weeks with a recovery period of 4 weeks.SD rats were dissected as planned.The general condition,weight gain,hematological and biochemical indexes,major organ coefficients,macroscopic and microscopic tissue morphology were observed.Results There were no significant differences in the general condition,body mass growth,coagulation index and histopathology of rats between the experimental-L,-M,-H groups and the blank group.End of administration,the mean hemoglobin concentrations of experimental-H and blank groups were(370.70±3.78)and(365.90±5.77)g·L-1,glucose were(5.98±0.63)and(6.61±0.93)mmol·L-1,blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were(4.72±1.01)and(5.78±1.64)mmol·L-1,liver coefficients were 3.05±0.17 and 2.89±0.19,and the differences were statistically significant(P≤0.05,P≤0.01).Resumption of the final,direct bilirubin of experimental-L and blank groups were(0.38±0.18)and(0.19±0.18)pmol·L 1,BUN of experimental-M and blank groups were(4.45±0.56)and(5.65±1.16)mmol·L-1,and the differences were statistically significant(all P≤0.05).Conclusion Repeated administration of Qingre Xiaoyanning tablets showed no significant toxicity in SD rats.

BACKGROUND:Establishing a nomogram prediction model for postoperative pulmonary infection in hip fractures and taking early intervention measures is crucial for improving patients'quality of life and reducing medical costs. OBJECTIVE:To construct a nomogram risk prediction model of postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fracture,and provide theoretical basis for feasible prevention and early intervention. METHODS:Case data of 305 elderly patients with hip fractures who underwent surgical treatment at Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between January and October 2020(training set)were retrospectively analyzed.Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test,receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to analyze the diagnostic predictive efficacy of independent risk factors and joint models for postoperative pulmonary infections.Tools glmnet,pROC,and rms in R Studio software were applied to construct a nomogram model for predicting the risk of postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures,and calibration curves were further drawn to verify the predictive ability of the nomogram model.Receiver operating characteristic curves,calibration curves,and decision curves were analyzed for 133 elderly patients with hip fractures(validation set)receiving surgery at the same hospital from November 2022 to March 2023 to further predict the predictive ability of the nomogram model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The postoperative pulmonary infection rate in elderly patients with hip fractures in this group was 9.18%(28/305).(2)Single factor and multivariate analysis,as well as forest plots,showed that preoperative hospitalization days,leukocyte count,hypersensitive C-reactive protein,and serum sodium levels were independent risk factors(P<0.05).The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed good fit(χ2=4.57,P=0.803).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted on the independent risk factors and their joint models mentioned above,and the differentiation of each independent risk factor and joint model was good,with statistical significance(P<0.05).(3)The graphical calibration method,C-index,and decision curve were used to validate the nomogram prediction model.The predicted calibration curve was located between the standard curve and the acceptable line,and the predicted risk of the nomogram model was consistent with the actual risk.(4)The validation set used receiver operating characteristic curve,graphic calibration method,and decision curve to validate the prediction model.The results showed good consistency with clinical practice,indicating that the model had a good fit.The nomogram risk prediction model constructed for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures has good predictive performance.The use of the nomogram risk prediction model can screen high-risk populations and provide a theoretical basis for early intervention.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on memory impairment induced by chronic hypoxia in mice.Methods(1)A hypoxic model of the mouse midbrain dopaminergic neuron cell line MN9D was established using a hypoxia workstation.To observe the effects of hypoxia on the expression of TH,Ub-K48 and Ub-K63,MN9D cells were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia(12 h,24 h and 48 h)groups.To observe the effects of MG132 on the expression of the above-mentioned proteins,MN9D cells were divided into normoxia group,hypoxia group and hypoxia + MG132(25,50,100,200 μmol/L)group.(2)A mouse model of memory impairment was established using a hypobaric chamber.To observe the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the expression of TH,Ub-K48 and Ub-K63 in the substantia nigra compacta(SNc)of mice,thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into normoxia group and hypobaric hypoxia(3 d and 21 d)groups,10 in each group.To observe the effects of MG132 on spatial memory impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia,twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into normoxia group,hypobaric hypoxia 21 d group and hypobaric hypoxia 21 d+MG132 group,8 in each group.(3)The protein expression levels of TH,Ub-K48,and Ub-K63 in MN9D cells which were either subjected to different durations of hypoxia treatment or pre-treated with MG132 prior to hypoxia treatment were detected using Western blotting(WB).The novel object recognition test was used to detect the memory function of mice.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the proportion of positive immunoreactive area of TH response in the SNc region.The expression levels of TH,Ub-K48,and Ub-K63 in the SNc region were detected by WB.Results(1)Compared with normoxia group,MN9D cells in hypoxia 24 h group showed increasing expression of Ub-K48 and Ub-K63(P<0.05),and decreasing expression of TH(P<0.05),and MN9D cells in all hypoxia groups showed increasing expression of Ub-K48/TH and Ub-K63/TH(P<0.05).Compared with hypoxia group,MN9D cells showed decreasing expression of Ub-K48/TH and Ub-K63/TH in hypoxia + MG132 100 umol/L group and hypoxia + MG132 200 umol/L group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the mice in normoxia group,mice in 3 d and 21 d hypobaric hypoxia groups showed decreasing expression of TH(P<0.001),and increasing expression of Ub-K48/TH and Ub-K63/TH(P<0.05)in the SNc region.Compared with normoxia group,the mice in 21 d hypobaric hypoxia group showed a lower new object recognition index(P<0.01),and the proportion of positive immunoreactive area of TH response in the SNc region(P<0.05).Compared with 21 d hypobaric hypoxia group,the mice in hypobaric hypoxia 21 d+MG132 group showed a higher new object recognition index(P<0.01).Conclusion The proteasome inhibitor MG132 could alleviate the memory impairment induced by chronic hypoxia in mice,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Ub-K63 and Ub-K48,which in turn upregulates expression of TH in dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To investigate the value of wrist MRI in bone age estimation for male adoles-cents in Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangsu.Methods A total of 124 Han male adolescents aged 6.0 to 18.0 years from Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangsu were selected as subjects.Their weight and height were measured,and T1WI and T2WI sequences of the wrist were scanned.The distal ends of the ra-dius and ulna,and the first to five metacarpal epiphyses and corresponding metaphyses were selected as observational indexes after MRI images of the wrist were obtained.The development of each index was classified(0-2 grades)by a deputy senior imaging expert,then the maximum width of each in-dex was measured by another deputy senior expert.Height,weight,classification and maximum width of indexes were used as input variables,and age was used as the target variable.Support vector ma-chine,random forest,current reality tree,and linear regression models were established to estimate the bone age,and the model with the highest accuracy was selected.Results The height,weight,classifica-tion of wrist bone epiphysis development,maximum width of each bone metaphysis and epiphysis were all correlated with age(P<0.05).The accuracies of the support vector machine were the highest when the differences between bone age and actual chronological age were within 1.0 and 1.5 years(88.7%and 96.0%,respectively).Conclusion It is feasible to estimate bone age by using MRI images.Quantifying the maximum width of the epiphysis and corresponding metaphysis of bone and combining it with MRI image classification can effectively reduce the estimation error.

Bone development shows certain regularity with age. The regularity can be used to infer age and serve many fields such as justice, medicine, archaeology, etc. As a non-invasive evaluation method of the epiphyseal development stage, MRI is widely used in living age estimation. In recent years, the rapid development of machine learning has significantly improved the effectiveness and reliability of living age estimation, which is one of the main development directions of current research. This paper summarizes the analysis methods of age estimation by knee joint MRI, introduces the current research trends, and future application trend.
Epiphyses/diagnostic imaging* ; Age Determination by Skeleton/methods* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging*

Non-syndromic oral cleft (NSOC), a common birth defect, remains to be a critical public health problem in China. In the context of adjustment of childbearing policy for two times in China and the increase of pregnancy at older childbearing age, NSOC risk prediction will provide evidence for high-risk population identification and prenatal counseling. Genome-wide association study and second generation sequencing have identified multiple loci associated with NSOC, facilitating the development of genetic risk prediction of NSOC. Despite the marked progress, risk prediction models of NSOC still faces multiple challenges. This paper summarizes the recent progress in research of NSOC risk prediction models based on the results of extensive literature retrieval to provide some insights for the model development regarding research design, variable selection, model-build strategy and evaluation methods.
Humans ; Cleft Palate/genetics* ; Cleft Lip/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Risk Factors ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Aim To prepare the sea cucumber enzy¬molysis fermentation liquid (SCEFL) by enzymatic hydrolysis of protease and fermentation of probiotics and to investigate the effect of SCEFL on the immunosup-pression induced by cyclophosphamide in mice and to explore its mechanism by metabomic method. Methods The immunosuppressive model was induced by in-traperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Levamisole group, SCEFL groups (at low, medium and high doses). The pathological changes of spleen were observed by HE staining. The proportion of CD4

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)with cardiogenic shock(CS)treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)combined with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods The clinical data of patients with STEMI and CS who received ECMO combined with PCI treatment in the cardiology department of our hospital from May 2019 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the clinical outcome,the patients were divided into death group and survival group.The clinical data of the two groups was compared.Results The study analyzed a total of 37 patients,including 34 males with an average age of(52.4±11.7)years.There were 15 survivors and 22 deaths,with a survival rate of 40.5％.Compared with the death group,the survival group had higher systolic blood pressure[(100.6±17.7)mmHg vs.(84.6±22.0)mmHg,P=0.025]and diastolic blood pressure[(64.5±11.8)mmHg vs.(54.3±16.0)mmHg,P=0.043]at admission,and longer time from shock to ECMO support[4.0(3.0,10.0)h vs.2.8(1.9,5.1)h,P=0.048]and shorter time from ECMO support to passage of guide wire[1.5(0.5,3.0)h vs.3.8(2.3,7.0)h,P=0.008].The proportion of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)blood flow classification reaching level Ⅲ in the first frame is higher[9(60.0％)vs.5(22.7％),P=0.038].The level of serum alanine aminotransferase[261.8(100.1,944.9)U/L vs.106.6(27.4,193.3)U/L,P=0.033]and shorter time from aspartate aminotransferase[753.6(432.7,1533.0)U/L vs.244.7(113.7,594.3)U/L,P=0.009]in the death group are significantly higher than that in the survival group.Conclusions This study suggests that the time from ECMO support and ECMO support to passage of guide wire,and the first frame TIMI blood flow grading are important factors affecting the prognosis of STEMI patients with CS treated with ECMO combined with PCI.

Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized family-based association tests for rare variants. As the lower power of genome wide association study for detecting casual rare variants, methods aggregating effects of multiple variants have been proposed, such as burden tests and variance component tests. This paper summarizes the methods of rare variants association test that can be applied for family data, introduces their principles, characteristics and applicable conditions and discusses the shortcomings and the improvement of the present methods.
Computer Simulation ; Family Relations ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods* ; Humans