The Golgi body, a core organelle in eukaryotic cells, plays a critical role in protein modification, sorting, vesicular transport, and serves as a key site for lipid synthesis and glycosylation. Glucose and lipid metabolism are central processes for cellular energy maintenance and biosynthesis, and are closely linked to Golgi function. Recent studies have revealed the extensive involvement of the Golgi body in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, where maintaining its structural and functional homeostasis is crucial for normal physiological activity. Under various stress conditions such as acidosis, hypoxia, and nutrient deficiency, the Golgi body undergoes structural and functional disruption, leading to Golgi stress. This in turn activates specific signaling pathways, such as those mediated by the cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3 (CREB3) and proteoglycans, to alleviate Golgi stress and enhance Golgi function. Golgi stress contributes to glucose and lipid metabolic disorders by affecting the activity of insulin receptors, glucose transporters, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes. For example, Golgi stress triggers the cleavage and release of the active fragment of CREB3, which enters the nucleus and upregulates the transcription of ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4) and key gluconeogenic enzymes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). ARF4 promotes vesicle retrograde transport between the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum, maintains secretory capacity, and enhances hepatic glucose output. This pathway is particularly active under high-fat or lipotoxic stress, leading to fasting hyperglycemia. When damaged Golgi components accumulate beyond a tolerable threshold, the cell initiates an autophagic response, selectively encapsulating the damaged Golgi into autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, leading to Golgiphagy. This process results in the degradation and clearance of damaged Golgi, thereby regulating Golgi quantity, quality, and function. Golgiphagy also plays a significant role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. For instance, under high-glucose conditions, autophagic flux may be suppressed, impairing the timely clearance and renewal of damaged Golgi, compromising its normal function, and further exacerbating glucose metabolism disorders. Additionally, Golgiphagy may participate in lipid degradation and influence lipid synthesis and transport. Research indicates that Golgi stress and Golgiphagy play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism-related diseases. For example, the leucine zipper protein (LZIP) under Golgi stress conditions can promote hepatic steatosis. In mouse primary cells and human tissues, LZIP induces the expression of apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), which increases peripheral free fatty acid uptake, resulting in lipid accumulation in the liver and contributing to the development of fatty liver disease. This review systematically outlines the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of Golgi stress and Golgiphagy, and their synergistic roles. It further elaborates on how Golgi stress and Golgiphagy participate in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, discusses their clinical significance in related diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and obesity, and highlights potential novel therapeutic strategies from the perspective of Golgi-targeted medicine. Finally, this article addresses the challenges and future directions in Golgi-targeted interventions, aiming to advance the clinical translation of such strategies and foster breakthroughs in the treatment of glucose and lipid metabolism-related disorders.

The Golgi body, a core organelle in eukaryotic cells, plays a critical role in protein modification, sorting, vesicular transport, and serves as a key site for lipid synthesis and glycosylation. Glucose and lipid metabolism are central processes for cellular energy maintenance and biosynthesis, and are closely linked to Golgi function. Recent studies have revealed the extensive involvement of the Golgi body in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, where maintaining its structural and functional homeostasis is crucial for normal physiological activity. Under various stress conditions such as acidosis, hypoxia, and nutrient deficiency, the Golgi body undergoes structural and functional disruption, leading to Golgi stress. This in turn activates specific signaling pathways, such as those mediated by the cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3 (CREB3) and proteoglycans, to alleviate Golgi stress and enhance Golgi function. Golgi stress contributes to glucose and lipid metabolic disorders by affecting the activity of insulin receptors, glucose transporters, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes. For example, Golgi stress triggers the cleavage and release of the active fragment of CREB3, which enters the nucleus and upregulates the transcription of ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4) and key gluconeogenic enzymes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). ARF4 promotes vesicle retrograde transport between the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum, maintains secretory capacity, and enhances hepatic glucose output. This pathway is particularly active under high-fat or lipotoxic stress, leading to fasting hyperglycemia. When damaged Golgi components accumulate beyond a tolerable threshold, the cell initiates an autophagic response, selectively encapsulating the damaged Golgi into autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, leading to Golgiphagy. This process results in the degradation and clearance of damaged Golgi, thereby regulating Golgi quantity, quality, and function. Golgiphagy also plays a significant role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. For instance, under high-glucose conditions, autophagic flux may be suppressed, impairing the timely clearance and renewal of damaged Golgi, compromising its normal function, and further exacerbating glucose metabolism disorders. Additionally, Golgiphagy may participate in lipid degradation and influence lipid synthesis and transport. Research indicates that Golgi stress and Golgiphagy play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism-related diseases. For example, the leucine zipper protein (LZIP) under Golgi stress conditions can promote hepatic steatosis. In mouse primary cells and human tissues, LZIP induces the expression of apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), which increases peripheral free fatty acid uptake, resulting in lipid accumulation in the liver and contributing to the development of fatty liver disease. This review systematically outlines the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of Golgi stress and Golgiphagy, and their synergistic roles. It further elaborates on how Golgi stress and Golgiphagy participate in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, discusses their clinical significance in related diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and obesity, and highlights potential novel therapeutic strategies from the perspective of Golgi-targeted medicine. Finally, this article addresses the challenges and future directions in Golgi-targeted interventions, aiming to advance the clinical translation of such strategies and foster breakthroughs in the treatment of glucose and lipid metabolism-related disorders.

Objective To design a new type of elastic gloves for burn scar rehabilitation to solve the problems of conventional elastic gloves in pressure distribution,elasticity maintenance and absorption of sweat stains.Methods The new elastic gloves was made of non-woven fabric by spandex material,which was composed of external and internal parts.The main body of the external part was used as the primary structure of the gloves,which was provided with a sealing strip,a storage bag,a drawstring,etc.The internal part consisted of a bonding sheet,an elastic band,a fiber sheet,an absorbent sponge,some breathable holes,etc.Results The new elastic gloves designed could be used for the pressure therapy for the scars on the opisthenar,palm side,finger web and purlicue with scar proliferation inhibitted effectively,and the breathable hole and absorbent sponge contributed to the absorption of the sweat of the patient.Conclusion The new type of elastic gloves gains advantages in elasticity,wearing comfort and effectiveness of the pressure therapy for purlicue and finger web,and can be used for the pressure therapy to inhibit proliferative scarring after burns.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):118-120]

Objective To develop a novel protective ventilator circuit component and to verify its performance by water seal and anti-splash experiments.Methods A novel protective ventilator circuit component had a design scheme with the multifunctional joint,and consisted of a tee connection tube,an isolation sleeve and a stop sleeve,of which,the tee connection tube was made of polyethylene polymer material and the others were made of silicone material.The tee connection tube had a T-shaped structure with two standard connection ports,which was composed of an adapter,a sealing cap,a plug and a sealing ring;the isolation sleeve was in the shape of a cylinder with a raised bottom,which was inserted into the adapter;the stop sleeve was located in the isolation sleeve,with an inverted frustum of a cone at the bottom and a rounded hole in the middle of the inverted frustum.An open ventilator circuit tube was involved in the performance verification of the circuit component developed.In the water seal experiment,sputum aspiration was simulated and the heights of the liquid level drop in the L-shaped tubes were compared after sputum aspiration.In the anti-splash experiment,the infection rates on the surfaces of the sterile hole towels and gloves were calculated.Results Water seal experiment showed after sputum aspiration the open ventilator circuit tube had the liquid level at the L-shaped tube higher significantly than that of the circuit component;the anti-splash experiment indicated sputum aspiration resulted in the occurance of the splashing out of the secretion and 77.5%infection rate by the open ventilator circuit tube,while no splashing out and 0%infection rate by the circuit component developed.Conclusion The novel protective ventilator circuit component behaves well in sealing and anti-splashing,and thus is worthy of clinical application for sputum aspiration.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):113-117]

Objective To compare the differences in dosimetry and treatment efficiency of three radiotherapy plans after left-sided breast-conserving surgery,including modified intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT),cross-field volume-modulated arc therapy(VMAT)or improved VMAT,so as to provide references for clinical practice.Methods Three radiotherapy plans of modified IMRT,cross-field VMAT and improved VMAT were designed for 12 patients after left-sided-breast-conserving surgery.The modified IMRT with five irradiation fields and the improved VMAT with two arcs were modified by not setting cross-fields while determining the start and end angles with the rays passing through the least lung area.The cross-field VMAT had its start and end angles set based on the cross-fields.The doses to the target areas,peripheral organs at risk,heart and its substructures were evaluated,and dose verification was carried out.The three plans were compared in terms of treatment efficiency and gamma pass rate.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results All the three plans behaved well in dose distribution.In terms of planning gross tumor volume dosimetry dosimetry,the improved VMAT and modified IMRT gained advantages than others in CI and D50,respectively,with the differences being significant(all P<0.05).In terms of planning target volume dosimetry,the modified IMRT had the V107 and D50 lower than those of the others,with the differences being significant(P<0.05).In terms of the protection of peripheral organs at risk,V5 of the left lung,Dmean of the right lung and Dmean of the healthy breast were lower in the modified IMRT plan than in the other 2 plans,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);V20,V30,V35 and V40 of the left lung were lower in the modified VMAT plan than in the other 2 plans,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).In terms of protection of heart and its substructures,the left ventricle V20,V30 and Dmean of the improved VMAT plan behaved better than those of other 2 plans,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).In terms of treatment efficiency,the cross-field VMAT plan had the lowest MU while highest treatment efficiency;the improved VMAT plan had the MU higher while the treatment efficiency lower than the cross-field VMAT plan;the modified IMRT plan had the highest MU while the lowest gamma pass rate,and the differences in the MUs and gamma pass rates among the three plans were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Under the same standard conditions,the cross-field VMAT and improved VMAT plans show technical advantages.Though the improved VMAT plan has the treatment efficiency lower than the cross-field VMAT,it decreases the possibility of radiocardiac injury in terms of dosimetry and thus can be used for radiotherapy after left-sided breast-conserving surgery.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):45-51]

The "Guidelines for the Ergonomic Prevention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 3 in Shipbuilding Operations" (T/WSJD 14.3-2024) was published and implemented in March 2024, providing a basis for scientific prevention and control of musculoskeletal disorders in shipbuilding operations. In this paper, the background, formulation process, basis and main content of the standard project are interpreted and analyzed, so as to help relevant practitioners and managers more fully understand and implement the ergonomic program proposed by the standard, and provide scientific and accurate technical support for enterprises.

Objective:By analyzing the differential miRNA in seminal plasma between individuals with normal and abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI),we aim to identify miRNA that may impact sperm DNA integrity and target genes,and attempt to analyze their potential mechanisms of action.Methods:A total of 161 study subjects were collected and divided into normal con-trol group,DFI-medium group and DFI-abnormal group based on the DFI detection values.Differential miRNA were identified through miRNA chip analysis.Through bioinformatics analysis and target gene prediction,miRNA related to DFI and specific target genes were identified.The relative expression levels of differential miRNA and target genes in each group were compared to explore the impact of their differential expression on DFI.Results:Through miRNA chip analysis,a total of 11 differential miRNA were detected.Bioin-formatics analysis suggested that miR-26a-5p may be associated with reduced sperm DNA integrity.And gene prediction indicated that PTEN was a specific target gene of miR-26a-5p.Compared to the normal control group,the relative expression levels of miR-26a-5p in both the DFI-medium group and the DFI-abnormal group showed a decrease,while the relative expression levels of PTEN showed an in-crease.The relative expression levels of miR-26a-5p in all groups were negatively correlated with DFI values,while the relative expres-sion levels of PTEN showed a positive correlation with DFI values in the DFI-medium group and the DFI-abnormal group.The AUC of miR-26a-5p in the DFI-medium group was 0.740(P＜0.05),with a sensitivity of 73.6％and a specificity of 71.5％;the AUC of PTEN was 0.797(P＜0.05),with a sensitivity of 76.5％and a specificity of 78.4％.In the DFI-abnormal group,the AUC of miR-26a-5p was 0.848(P＜0.05),with a sensitivity of 81.3％and a specificity of 78.1％.While the AUC of PTEN was 0.763(P＜0.05),with a sensitivity of 77.2％and a specificity of 80.2％.Conclusion:miR-26a-5p affects the integrity of sperm DNA by regulating the expression of PTEN negatively.The relative expression levels of seminal plasma miR-26a-5p and PTEN have good diag-nostic value for sperm DNA integrity damage,which can help in the etiological diagnosis and prognosis analysis of abnormal DFI.This provides a diagnostic and treatment approach for the study and diagnosis of DFI abnormalities without clear etiology.

The scaphoid bone is one of the important bone of hand,which is frequently injured and difficult to treat in clinical practice.Therefore,it is very important to deeply study the microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of the scaphoid bone for understanding its injury mechanism and optimizing treatment scheme.Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)provides high-resolution imaging of bone tissue,while finite element analysis can help to simulate the stress distribution and behavioral patterns of the scaphoid bone under various physiological and pathological states.The high-resolution three-dimensional image of the scaphoid bone obtained by micro-CT technology can be used to construct finite element models of real anatomical structure of the scaphoid bone,thus achieving accurate simulation of the mechanical properties of the scaphoid bone.The fusion of these two advanced technologies provides a new perspective for revealing the structural and functional relationships and injury mechanism of the scaphoid bone.Therefore,this paper reviews the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid bone and its biomechanical behavior in different states,emphasizing the specific applications and advantages of micro-CT and finite element analysis techniques in the study of the scaphoid bone.By summarizing the research findings in recent years,this paper provides novel scientific basis and methods for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of scaphoid bone-related disorders.

Y chromosome microdeletions are an important cause of male infertility. At present, research on the Y chromosome is mainly focused on analyzing the loss of large segments of the azoospermia factor a/b/c (AZFa/b/c) gene, and few studies have reported the impact of unit point deletion in the AZF band on fertility. This study analyzed the effect of sperm quality after sY1192 loss in 116 patients. The sY1192-independent deletion accounted for 41.4% (48/116). Eight patterns were found in the deletions associated with sY1192. The rate of sperm detection was similar in the semen of patients with the independent sY1192 deletion and the combined sY1192 deletions (52.1% vs 50.0%). The patients with only sY1192 gene loss had a higher probability of sperm detection than the patients whose sY1192 gene locus existed, but other gene loci were lost (52.1% vs 32.0%). The hormone levels were similar in patients with sY1192 deletion alone and in those with sY1192 deletion and other types of microdeletions in the presence of the sY1192 locus. After multiple intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) attempts, the pregnancy rate of spouses of men with sY1192-independent deletions was similar to that of other types of microdeletions, but the fertilization and cleavage rates were higher. We observed that eight deletion patterns were observed for sY1192 microdeletions of AZFb/c, dominated by the independent deletion of sY1192. After ICSI, the fertilization rate and cleavage rate of the sY1192-independent microdeletion were higher than those of other Y chromosome microdeletion types, but there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Pregnancy Outcome/genetics* ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/physiology* ; Semen Analysis ; Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations

Objective To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of Legionella pneumophila(L.pneumophila)infection inhibiting the fusion of endosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages.Methods Twelve C57 mice were randomly divided into control group and L.pneumophila infection group(n=6 each).After anesthesia,an equal volume of physiological saline or L.pneumophila solution was administered nasally.Body weight changes were monitored for 3 consecutive days,and the lungs were extracted to assess injury.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the pathological characteristics of lung tissue in both groups.Transcriptome sequencing was utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and associated signaling pathways in lung tissues.Mouse bone marrow macrophages(BMDMs)were isolated and co-cultured with L.pneumophila,with infection status confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze DEGs and enriched related signaling pathways before and after infection.Core genes involved in the post-infection signaling pathway were identified,and the consistency of their mRNA expression levels in vivo and in vitro was verified using RT-qPCR.The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western Blotting,and bacterial proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate the intracellular replication of L.pneumophila.Results Compared with control group,the body weight of mice in L.pneumophila infection group significantly decreased(P<0.001)on the second and third day post-infection.Edema and red hepatoid degeneration were observed in both left and right lung tissues,with lesion areas spreading from the hilum to the lung periphery.HE staining revealed increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveolar spaces,thickening of alveolar septa and increased fibrin exudation in L.pneumophila infection group.Immunohistochemistry results showed a significant increase in myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in the lung tissue infected mice(P<0.001).Transcriptome sequencing identified 2550 DEGs,with 1444 up-regulated genes and 1106 down-regulated genes.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in pathways related to tumor necrosis factor,rheumatoid arthritis,Rap1,PI3K-Ak,and phagosome pathways.Immunofluorescence results showed in vitro proliferation of L.pneumophila within mouse BMDMs.Transcriptome sequencing identified 2550 DEGs,including 1677 up-regulated genes and 873 down-regulated genes.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that enrichment in pathway related to transcription dysregulation in cancer,PI3K-Akt and phagosome pathways.Thirteen core genes,including tubulin β1(Tubb1),were identified from the overlap between mouse lung tissue and BMDMs.RT-qPCR results demonstrated a significant decrease in Tubb1 expression in both lung tissue and BMDMs infected with L.pneumophila(P<0.001).Western Blotting results revealed significant decreases in Rab7,Tubb1,and LAMP2 protein expression(P<0.05),and increases in iNOS and MPO expression(P<0.05).Intracellular proliferation experiments indicated that L.pneumophila gradually increased within BMDMs over time.Conclusion The potential mechanism of L.pneumophila infection in mouse macrophages involves the down-regulation of Rab7/Tubb1/LAMP2 which inhibits the endosome-lysosome fusion.