Objective To investigate the mutational spectrum and phenotype of abnormal hemoglobin in the diabetes screening population in Xi'an Region. Methods A total of 30356 patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were collected and measured for HbA1c by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from January 2022 to December 2022. Both complete blood count and hemoglobin analysis were carried out when HPLC suggested an abnormal peak. Abnormal hemoglobins were identified by Sanger sequencing. Results In this study,the rate of abnormal hemoglobin in the diabetes screening population of Xi'an region was 0.096％ (28/30356). A total of 7 types of abnormal hemoglobins were detected:Hb E (n=10),G-Coushatta (n=6),Hb G-Taibei(n=6),Hb Q-Thailand (n=2),Hb North Manchester (n=2),Hb Ottawa (n=1) and Hb Queens (n=1). One case was Hb G-Taipei combined with IVS Ⅱ-659_664 (-GCAATA),the first report in the world. The abnormal hemoglobin phenotypes were normal except for seven cases of Hb E. Except for Hb G-Coushatta and Hb Ottawa,which did not interfere with the glycation test,the other five abnormal hemoglobins affected the glycation test results. Conclusion There is a certain prevalence rate of abnormal hemoglobin in the diabetes screaning population of Xi'an,mainly Hb E,Hb G-Taibei and Hb G-Coushatta. Most abnormal hemoglobins present normal phenotypes,but they could interfere with glycation test results.

China has become the country with the highest global burden of heart failure(HF).Despite the widespread use of prognostic-improving medications today,the mortality rate of HF remains high,reaching 13.7％at one year-particularly among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF).HF interventional device therapy(structural intervention)targets the structural factors underlying HF,including atrial pressure,ventricular remodeling,and valvular intervention.It leverages the heart's intrinsic physiological properties and pathological progression mechanisms to deliver treatments through interventions without external active forces,achieving anatomical or functional repair.This field has emerged as a rapidly growing area and plays an increasingly critical role in HF management.This article provides a comprehensive review and summary of the latest advancements in HF and cardiomyopathy interventional therapy over the past year.It covers various novel technologies and products currently in the research phase,aiming to provide an in-depth analysis of the current status and future directions of HF interventional therapy,and further advance the development of this discipline.

AIM To establish the near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative models for moisture,23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.METHODS The near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 95 batches of decoction pieces,after which drying method was adopted in the content determination of moisture,HPLC was applied to determining the contents of 23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C,the quantitative models were established by partial least squares method combined with feature extraction algorithms.RESULTS The model training determination coefficients were 0.952 6,0.958 1 and 0.920 8,along with the prediction determination coefficients of 0.930 0,0.905 2 and 0.906 4,the residual prediction deviations(PRD)of 4.00,3.58 and 3.46,and the root mean square error ratios of prediction values to calibration values(RMSEP/RMSEC)of 1.15,1.11 and 1.06,respectively.CONCLUSION The quantitative models based on NIRS exhibit good prediction effects,which can be used for the rapid quality detection of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.

China has become the country with the highest global burden of heart failure(HF).Despite the widespread use of prognostic-improving medications today,the mortality rate of HF remains high,reaching 13.7％at one year-particularly among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF).HF interventional device therapy(structural intervention)targets the structural factors underlying HF,including atrial pressure,ventricular remodeling,and valvular intervention.It leverages the heart's intrinsic physiological properties and pathological progression mechanisms to deliver treatments through interventions without external active forces,achieving anatomical or functional repair.This field has emerged as a rapidly growing area and plays an increasingly critical role in HF management.This article provides a comprehensive review and summary of the latest advancements in HF and cardiomyopathy interventional therapy over the past year.It covers various novel technologies and products currently in the research phase,aiming to provide an in-depth analysis of the current status and future directions of HF interventional therapy,and further advance the development of this discipline.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin for preventing infection in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A total of 124 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA between February 2024 and May 2024 at nine hospitals were enrolled. Preoperative infection prophylaxis involved either IORA (0.5 g vancomycin administered via intraosseous regional infusion before incision) or intravenous infusion (1 g vancomycin via peripheral vein). The IORA group included 15 males and 47 females with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 60.0-70.0 years), while the intravenous group included 14 males and 48 females with a median age of 66.0 years (range, 61.8-70.3 years) years. Intraoperative samples were collected including fat and synovium tissues after incision, before prosthesis placement, and after tourniquet release; distal femoral cancellous bone during femoral osteotomy; proximal tibial cancellous bone during tibial osteotomy; proximal intercondylar cancellous bone before prosthesis placement; and peripheral blood from non-infused arms at surgery initiation and after tourniquet release. Vancomycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vital sign changes were recorded from admission to 5~10 minutes post-IORA (IORA group) or post-incision (intravenous group). Follow-ups were conducted on postoperative day 1 and 3, and at 1 and 3 months, to document complications including IORA-related adverse events, periprosthetic joint infections, surgical site infections, red man syndrome, acute kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis and so on.Results:Vancomycin concentrations in bone, fat, and synovial tissue samples were significantly higher in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05), while vancomycin concentrations in blood samples were significantly lower in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05). Only 7.3%(41/558) of tissue samples in the IORA group had vancomycin concentrations below 2.0 μg/g (the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin against coagulase-negative staphylococcus), compared to 59.3%(331/558) in the intravenous group (χ 2=11.285, P<0.001). In the intravenous group, 16.9%(21/124) of blood samples had vancomycin concentrations exceeding 15.0 mg/L (the threshold associated with a significantly increased risk of nephrotoxicity), while all concentrations in the IORA group were below this threshold, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=22.943, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in vital signs changes before and after vancomycin administration between the two groups. Two patients in the intravenous group experienced incision exudate, while no other related complications occurred in either group. Conclusions:Compared to the traditional intravenous infusion of 1 g vancomycin, intraosseous injection of a low dose (0.5 g) of vancomycin achieves higher local tissue concentrations in the knee joint with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and is safe for infection prophylaxis. Despite guidelines not recommending the routine use of vancomycin for preventing infection after primary TKA, intraosseous injection of 0.5 g vancomycin may be considered intraoperatively for primary TKA in the following scenarios: patients in medical institutions with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, patients with potential preoperative MRSA colonization, or patients with cephalosporin allergy.

In order to support the implementation of the Opinions on Improving the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry and fundamentally promote the high-quality development of Chinese materia medica(CMM) industry, this article analyzed the quality and safety issues arising during the transition of CMM from wild harvesting to cultivation. Root causes of these issues were identified, including changes in the habitats of medicinal plants caused by inappropriate field cultivation patterns, excessive use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, and shortened cultivation periods due to rising economic costs. To address the above issues, the following countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to advance the high-quality development of CMM:(1) comprehensively adjust the cultivation patterns, vigorously promote ecological cultivation of CMM, and ensure production quality and safety of CMM from the source;(2) strengthen the breeding of high-quality, stress-resistant CMM varieties, improve cultivation techniques to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and improve the quality and efficiency of ecological cultivation of CMM;(3) systematically design the production, operation, and supervision models for ecological cultivation of CMM, carry out demonstrations of "high quality with fair price", and ensure the sustainable development of ecological cultivation of CMM.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; China ; Fertilizers/analysis* ; Materia Medica/standards* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards*

Objective To investigate the expression of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 (SNRPD1) in the gastric cancer tissue and evaluate the predictive value of SNRPD1 expression level for the long-term prognosis of gastric cancer patients and the possible functioning mechanism of SNRPD1. Methods The UALCAN and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) were employed to analyze the expression level of SNRPD1 in pan-cancer and its relationship with the prognosis of gastric cancer.The clinical data of 109 patients who underwent radical surgery for gastric cancer from January 2014 to January 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.Gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue samples were collected,and the expression of SNRPD1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining.Lentiviral transfection was employed to construct the BGC-823 gastric cancer cell models with stable high and low expression of SNRPD1,respectively.The CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were employed to measure the proliferation of gastric cancer cells,and flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle.Western blotting was employed to determine the expression levels of proteins in the signaling pathway. Results The data from UALCAN and GEPIA showed that SNRPD1 was highly expressed in the tissue of malignant tumors including gastric cancer (P<0.001).The expression level of SNRPD1 in the gastric cancer tissue was higher than that in the paracancerous tissue (P<0.001).Moreover,the expression level of SNRPD1 was positively correlated with the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (P<0.001),carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P<0.001),G stage (P=0.042),T stage (P=0.002),and N stage (P=0.027) in the patients with gastric cancer.The high expression of SNRPD1 had a predictive value for the long-term prognosis of gastric cancer (P<0.001),and it was an independent risk factor for the death of gastric cancer patients (P=0.003).The results of gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that SNRPD1 was involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.The results of CCK-8 and colony formation assays showed that up-regulation of SNRPD1 promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cells (P<0.001,P<0.001).The up-regulation of SNRPD1 up-regulated the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and G₁/S-specific cyclin-D1 (P<0.001,P=0.002),whereas the interference in SNRPD1 led to opposite results (P=0.004,P<0.001).SNRPD1 accelerated the G₁/S phase transition of gastric cancer cells (P<0.001).The overexpression of SNRPD1 promoted the expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) in gastric cancer cells (P=0.043,P<0.001),whereas disruption of SNRPD1 inhibited their expression (both P<0.001).Insulin-like growth factor 1,an agonist of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cells with SNRPD1 disturbed (P=0.002). Conclusion High expression of SNRPD1 in the gastric cancer tissues is associated with poor prognosis,and it may promote tumor cell proliferation and regulate the cell cycle by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Retrospective Studies ; Cell Cycle ; Male ; Female

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of afzelin(AFZ)in treating Crohn's disease-like colitis.Methods A mouse model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis was established to assess the effect of AFZ on experimental colitis in vivo.A Caco-2 cell model of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-induced inflammation was established to evaluate the effects of AFZ on the intestinal barrier function,intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis,and mitochondrial function in vitro.The animal and cell experiments were performed to validate the regulatory role of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/silent information regulater 1(SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator(PGC)-1α pathway in the treatment of colitis with AFZ.Results AFZ reduced the disease activity index(P=0.003),weight loss(P<0.001),colon shortening(P<0.001),inflammation score(P=0.002),pro-inflammatory cytokine release(interleukin-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P=0.010),and intestinal barrier permeability(fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4:P<0.001;intestinal-type fatty acid-binding protein:P=0.013).Meanwhile,AFZ increased the colonic transepithelial electric resistance(P=0.001),reduced bacterial translocation(P<0.001),and promoted the localization and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins [zonula occluden-1(P=0.005) and Claudin-1(P=0.024)].AFZ exerted a protective effect on the Caco-2 cells exposed to TNF-α in terms of intestinal epithelial cell permeability(P=0.017),transepithelial electric resistance(P=0.014),and tight junction protein[zonula occluden-1(P=0.014) and Claudin-1(P=0.006)] localization and expression.Furthermore,the cell and animal experiments confirmed that AFZ reduced the percentage of apoptosis(P<0.001,P=0.013)and the expression of cleaved-caspase 3(P=0.028,P=0.004)and Bax(P=0.004,P=0.020),and upregulated the Bcl2(P=0.020,P=0.006)level in intestinal epithelial cells.Additionally,AFZ increased the number of mitochondria,mitochondrial membrane potential,and copy number of mitochondrial DNA(P=0.007)in intestinal epithelial cells,while enhancing the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ(P=0.005)and complex Ⅳ(P=0.001).The activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway was involved in the protective effects of AFZ on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.Conclusion AFZ alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway,thereby ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction and experimental colitis.
Animals ; Colitis/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Mice ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism*

In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.In line with global advancements,two anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies have been approved and successfully launched in China for clinical use.Lecanemab and Donanemab were officially used in June 2024 and April 2025 in China,respectively.In order to standardize the rational and safe application of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease in China,this article integrates recom-mendations from the clinical trials and real-world experience from the author's team and domestic peers to further update the recom-mendations for the clinical use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody based on the 2024 version.It includes indications for therapy,pre-treatment evaluation and preparation,administration protocols and safety measures during treatment,and post-treatment monitor-ing strategies.

AIM To establish the near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative models for moisture,23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.METHODS The near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 95 batches of decoction pieces,after which drying method was adopted in the content determination of moisture,HPLC was applied to determining the contents of 23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C,the quantitative models were established by partial least squares method combined with feature extraction algorithms.RESULTS The model training determination coefficients were 0.952 6,0.958 1 and 0.920 8,along with the prediction determination coefficients of 0.930 0,0.905 2 and 0.906 4,the residual prediction deviations(PRD)of 4.00,3.58 and 3.46,and the root mean square error ratios of prediction values to calibration values(RMSEP/RMSEC)of 1.15,1.11 and 1.06,respectively.CONCLUSION The quantitative models based on NIRS exhibit good prediction effects,which can be used for the rapid quality detection of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.