Currently, the national schistosomiasis control program of China is moving from transmission interruption to elimination, and there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards the progression of schistosomiasis elimination, including a high difficulty in shrinking snail-infested areas, unstable achievements for infectious source control, imperfect surveillance system and a reduction in schistosomiasis control and administration. Based on the core suggestions proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, recommendations on schistosomiasis surveillance system building, development of novel diagnostics, adjustment of the schistosomiasis control strategy and maintaining and improvements of the schistosomiasis control capability are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China in the new era according to the actual status of schistosomiasis control in China. Formulation of the national schistosomiasis control strategy and goal from One Health perspective, verification of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis, precision implementation of schistosomiasis control interventions with adaptations to local circumstances, development and application of highly sensitive and specific diagnostics are recommended for elimination of schistosomiasis in China. In addition, the implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis may guide the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
Animals ; China/epidemiology* ; Goals ; Humans ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control* ; Snails ; World Health Organization

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.

Objective To explore the possible effects of the microRNA(miR)-143/145 polymorphisms on cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of coronary heart disease(CHD) in Chinese Han people. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was employed to identify the genotypes of the rs353292 and rs4705343 polymorphisms for 380 patients with CHD and 163 CHD-free controls. The physiological and biochemical parameters between the genotypes were compared in the CHD patients and in controls,and the incidence of myocardial infarction(MI) was also compared between the genotypes in the CHD patients. Results The subjects with the rs353292 TT genotype had higher serum levels of triglycerides(F=3.00,P=0.05) and glucose(F=9.91,P<0.001) than the C carriers,and the subjects with the rs4705343 TT genotype had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension(Χ=6.35,P=0.04) than the C carriers in the control group. The patients with the rs353292 TT genotype had significantly higher serum levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)(F=8.43,P<0.001) than the C carriers in the CHD group,and the frequency of MI was significantly higher in the patients with the rs353292 TT genotype than that in the C carrier patients(Χ=5.29,P=0.02). Conclusion The T allele of the rs353292 polymorphism is associated with serum hs-CRP levels in CHD patients,and it may affect the occurrence and development of MI by up-regulation of CRP gene through miR-143/145. The rs4705343 polymorphism is not related to the risk and severity of CHD.

Objective:To analyze the effect of different glucocorticoid administration routes in the treatment of children's secretory otitis media and impacts on immunologic function.Methods:Clinical data of children with secretory otitis media received treatment at our hospital from January 2016 to June 2016 were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups by different glucocorticoid administration routes,Group A:intratympanic injection;Group B:oral administration.After one week,clinical effects and immunologic functions were tested and compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 87 patients were analyzed,Group A 45 cases,Group B 42 cases.After one week treatment,both of the two groups got significantly improved in audiology indexe (P<0.05),however,these index were more better in Group A when compared with those of Group B(P<0.05).Meanwhile,Group A patients got higher cure rate than that of Group B (91.1%,41/45 vs 73.8%,31/42;X2=4.558,P=0.033).Both of the two groups got significantly improved in CD3+T,CD4+T and CD4/CD8 (P<0.05) and decreased in CD8,IL-4,IFN-γ and IL-4/IFN-γ(P<0.05),but these markers changed more significant in Group A (P<0.05).Group A patients had a lower recurrence rate than Group B patients one year after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (9.76%,4/41 vs 29.03%,9/31;Log-rank X2=4.698,P=0.030).Conclusion:The treatment of children's secretory otitis media,the intratympanic injection of glucocorticoid shows a better effect than that of oral cortico-steroids.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture plus external medicine application for cervical radiculopathy.Methods:A total of 98 patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group based on the random digital table.The observation group (50 cases) was treated by acupuncture plus external medicine application and the control group (48 cases) was treated by acupuncture alone.The patients received the treatment every day.Ten sessions made a course.Cervical spondylosis symptom scale was used to assess the cases before and after the treatment.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups after the treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 98.1％ in the observation group versus 87.6％ in the control group with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).The cure rate was 52.0％ in the observation group versus 18.8％ in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the score of cervical spondylosis symptom scale between the two groups before the treatment (P＞0.05).It increased with a significant difference in both groups after the treatment (both P＜0.05),while a significant difference was found in the results between the two groups after the treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture plus external medicine application is more effective than acupuncture alone for treating cervical radiculopathy.The method also effectively improves the clinical symptoms.

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent male malignancy in the United States, and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the male population. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type of Ⅱ transmembrane glycoproteins that is over-expressed in prostate cancer cell. More importantly, its expression is increased with cancer progression. PSMA has been a major target for imaging and therapeutic applications in prostate cancer. PSMA, also known as N-acetylated α-linked acidic dipeptidase Ⅰ and folate hydrolase, can catalyze the hydrolysis of α-or γ-linked glutamates from peptides or small molecules. This article provides a review of the recent applications of ligand-drug conjugates targeting PSMA and prodrugs activated by PSMA.

OBJECTIVETo access left ventricular global deformation abnormalities during low-dose dobutamine stress test (DSE) by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography(3D-STE)in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), and explore the diagnostic value of 3D-STE combined with DES for NSTE-ACS.

METHODSForty-nine patients with suspected NSTE-ACS underwent DSE and coronary angiography with an initial dobutamine dose of 5 µg·kg(-1)·min(-1), which was doubled at 3-min intervals to the peak dose of 20 µg·kg(-1)·min(-1). The global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), territory longitudinal strain (TLS), and territory circumferential strain (TCS) of the left ventricular subendocardial myocardium were measured with 3D-STE at rest and at the peak-dose stage. Conventional echocardiography and 3D-STE parameters and their changes during DSE were evaluated, and their diagnostic values were analyzed according to the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTSAll the patients completed DSE uneventfully and 3D-STE showed a good reproducibility of the results. Compared with patients with non-NSTE-ACS, NSTE-ACS patients showed obviously reduced resting left ventricular global deformation function especially in terms of circumferential deformation (P<0.05); the ROC curves for the parameters were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). During DSE, the global deformation differences between the two groups further increased (P<0.01), and the diagnostic values of the peak-dose stage parameters were significantly greater than those of the resting parameters. ROC curves analysis showed that TLS and TCS at peak-dose stage had the highest diagnostic value for NSTE-ACS.

CONCLUSION3D-STE combined with low-dose DSE is a safe and effective noninvasive technique for accessing and identifying NSTE-ACS, and DSE can significantly enhance the diagnostic value of 3D-STE.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Coronary Angiography ; Echocardiography, Stress ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology ; ROC Curve ; Reproducibility of Results

s:Objective To access left ventricular global deformation abnormalities during low-dose dobutamine stress test (DSE) by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE)in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), and explore the diagnostic value of 3D-STE combined with DES for NSTE-ACS. Methods Forty-nine patients with suspected NSTE-ACS underwent DSE and coronary angiography with an initial dobutamine dose of 5μg·kg-1·min-1, which was doubled at 3-min intervals to the peak dose of 20 μg ·kg-1 ·min-1. The global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), territory longitudinal strain (TLS), and territory circumferential strain (TCS) of the left ventricular subendocardial myocardium were measured with 3D-STE at rest and at the peak-dose stage. Conventional echocardiography and 3D-STE parameters and their changes during DSE were evaluated, and their diagnostic values were analyzed according to the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results All the patients completed DSE uneventfully and 3D-STE showed a good reproducibility of the results. Compared with patients with non-NSTE-ACS, NSTE-ACS patients showed obviously reduced resting left ventricular global deformation function especially in terms of circumferential deformation (P<0.05);the ROC curves for the parameters were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). During DSE, the global deformation differences between the two groups further increased (P<0.01), and the diagnostic values of the peak-dose stage parameters were significantly greater than those of the resting parameters. ROC curves analysis showed that TLS and TCS at peak-dose stage had the highest diagnostic value for NSTE-ACS. Conclusion 3D-STE combined with low-dose DSE is a safe and effective noninvasive technique for accessing and identifying NSTE-ACS, and DSE can significantly enhance the diagnostic value of 3D-STE.

s:Objective To access left ventricular global deformation abnormalities during low-dose dobutamine stress test (DSE) by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE)in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), and explore the diagnostic value of 3D-STE combined with DES for NSTE-ACS. Methods Forty-nine patients with suspected NSTE-ACS underwent DSE and coronary angiography with an initial dobutamine dose of 5μg·kg-1·min-1, which was doubled at 3-min intervals to the peak dose of 20 μg ·kg-1 ·min-1. The global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), territory longitudinal strain (TLS), and territory circumferential strain (TCS) of the left ventricular subendocardial myocardium were measured with 3D-STE at rest and at the peak-dose stage. Conventional echocardiography and 3D-STE parameters and their changes during DSE were evaluated, and their diagnostic values were analyzed according to the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results All the patients completed DSE uneventfully and 3D-STE showed a good reproducibility of the results. Compared with patients with non-NSTE-ACS, NSTE-ACS patients showed obviously reduced resting left ventricular global deformation function especially in terms of circumferential deformation (P<0.05);the ROC curves for the parameters were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). During DSE, the global deformation differences between the two groups further increased (P<0.01), and the diagnostic values of the peak-dose stage parameters were significantly greater than those of the resting parameters. ROC curves analysis showed that TLS and TCS at peak-dose stage had the highest diagnostic value for NSTE-ACS. Conclusion 3D-STE combined with low-dose DSE is a safe and effective noninvasive technique for accessing and identifying NSTE-ACS, and DSE can significantly enhance the diagnostic value of 3D-STE.

OBJECTIVETo solve the problem of screw penetrating the joint surface easily by determining the angle of inclination and the mean longth screw plated on the posterior column.

METHODSTen specimens of adult male cadavers, aged 20 to 74 years old, averaged 54.5 years old, were collected. After removal of the bilateral femurs from the hip joints, and sawing through the sacral and pubic symphysis in the median sagittal plane, 20 semi pelvic specimens were used for this study when the osseous abnormalities were excluded. The specimens were air dried naturelly after the soft tissue attaching to the pelvis had been eliminated. The margin of superior acetabular and inferior acetabular were determined, and the serial cross-sections of the acetabular posterior column were made. The width of posterior column,the width of acetabulum,the width ratio of acetabulum to posterior column, the angle of inclination and the mean length of screw on all entry points were measured. Defined the level parallel to 1/2 section of superior acetabulum was cross-section B; 1/2 section of acetabulum was C; 1/2 section of inferior acettabulum was D. At the different levels, defined the entry point on the outer edge of posterior column of the acetabulum or the trailing edge of acetabulum was B0, C0 or D0; lateral 1/2 of posterior column of the acetabulum was B1, C1 or D1; 1/2 of posterior column of the acetabulum was B2, C2 or D2; medial 1/2 of posterior column of the acetabulum was B3, C3 or D3; the inner edge of posterior column of the acetabulum was B4,C4 or D4.

RESULTSOn cross-section B, the angle of inclination and the mean length of screw at B0 was 41 degrees and 44.0 mm; at B1 was 66 degrees and 42.2 mm; at B2 was 91 degrees and 59.5 mm; at B3 was 107 degrees and 64.0 mm; the maximum angle and the mean length at point B4 was 123 degrees and 65.5 mm; the minimum angle and the mean length at point B4 was 109 degrees and 59.0 mm. On cross-section C,the angle and the mean length at point CO was 39 degrees and 39.0 mm; at C1 was 57 degrees and 36.0 mm; at C2 was 74 degrees and 36.0 mm;at C3 was 90 degrees and 36.0 mm; at C4 was 106 degrees and 76.0 mm. On cross-section D,the angle and the mean length at DO was 42 degrees and 35.5 mm; at D1 was 61 degrees and 33.0 mm; at D2 was 81 degrees and 32.0 mm; at D3 was 100 degrees and 31.0 mm; at D4 was 120 degrees and 74.0 mm.

CONCLUSIONWhen using the fixation technique of acetabular posterior column plate, the angles of screw-posterior column are 40 degrees to 60 degrees, 60 degrees to 75 degrees, 75 degrees to 90 degrees and 90 degrees to the angle of parallel to the square area respectively on the region of outer 1/4,outer-middle 1/4,inner-middle 1/4 and inner 1/4 of the acetabulum region, and the screw length is 30 mm.

Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult