Core fucosylation, catalyzed exclusively by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification that has emerged as a central regulatory hub linking liver homeostasis, chronic disease progression, and malignant transformation. Liver diseases, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, remain a leading global health burden characterized by late diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, and poor overall survival. While aberrant glycosylation is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer and inflammatory disorders, existing research on FUT8-mediated core fucosylation in liver diseases remains fragmented: the dynamic functional switch of FUT8 from a homeostatic regulator to a pathological driver across the full disease continuum has not been systematically delineated, and the integrated mechanisms by which core fucosylation modulates oncogenic signaling, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion remain poorly understood. This review synthesizes recent advances to establish a unified framework for understanding the dual role of core fucosylation in liver physiology and pathology, and evaluates its translational potential for precision medicine. At the molecular level, FUT8’s unique catalytic specificity makes core fucosylation an irreplaceable modification, as evidenced by the perinatal lethality and severe organ dysfunction in Fut8 knockout mice. In hepatocellular carcinoma, genomic amplification of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-fucose biosynthetic enzymes provides metabolic support for aberrant core fucosylation. FUT8 expression is tightly regulated by a multi-layered network: transcriptional activation via Wnt/β‑catenin and wild-type p53, epigenetic upregulation by lncRNAs, post-transcriptional repression by miR-122-5p and miR-34a, and virus-specific induction by hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus. Physiologically, core fucosylation maintains liver homeostasis through four core mechanisms: it acts as a molecular switch for epidermal growth factor receptor/hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling to enable liver regeneration; directs polarized secretion of hepatocyte-derived glycoproteins into bile ducts; modulates cholesterol metabolism via the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-low density lipoprotein receptor axis; and regulates aging through insulin‑like growth factor 1 receptor signaling. Pathologically, core fucosylation exhibits context-dependent dual functions: in liver fibrosis, FUT8 upregulation in hepatic stellate cells forms a negative feedback loop that limits excessive fibrogenesis; in hepatocellular carcinoma, however, aberrant FUT8 overexpression drives cell-autonomous malignancy by constitutively activating epidermal growth factor/hepatocyte growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor‑β/Smad, and Wnt/β‑catenin pathways, while simultaneously establishing a multi-layered immune evasion network by stabilizing programmed cell death ligand 1 and cluster of differentiation 47, and impairing natural killer cell homeostasis via interleukin‑2 receptor β glycosylation. Clinically, stage-specific core fucosylation biomarkers enable non-invasive monitoring of liver disease progression: low molecular mass kringle-Fc fusion protein outperforms conventional markers for early fibrosis detection, while alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and novel glycopeptides (α‑2‑macroglobulin N‑linked glycosylation site 1424, lumican core fucosylated peptide) significantly improve early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis, especially in alpha-fetoprotein-negative patients. Next-generation detection technologies (chemoenzymatic labeling, site-specific mass spectrometry) overcome the specificity limitations of traditional lectin assays. Therapeutically, four promising strategies are emerging: small-molecule FUT8 inhibitors, afucosylated antibodies with enhanced antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity, Fuc-modified targeted drug delivery systems, and core fucose-specific lectins for NASH treatment. The core challenge for clinical translation lies in FUT8’s inherent “double-edged sword” effect, as systemic inhibition disrupts its essential physiological functions beyond pathological roles. Long-term systemic FUT8 blockade not only impairs post-injury liver regeneration by abrogating epidermal growth factor/hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling but also disrupts cholesterol homeostasis via the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-low density lipoprotein receptor axis, leading to dyslipidemia and altered bile secretion. Critically, it compromises immune surveillance by destabilizing interleukin‑2 receptor β on natural killer cells, reducing their cytotoxic activity against malignant and virally infected cells, and impairs IgG Fc-mediated effector functions, increasing susceptibility to infections. This fundamental trade-off between therapeutic efficacy and systemic toxicity necessitates a paradigm shift from non-specific global inhibition to precision modulation of pathological core fucosylation. By addressing these critical challenges, FUT8-mediated core fucosylation has the potential to transform liver disease management from late-stage intervention to early detection and precision therapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of liver diseases.

The traditional detection methods for monitoring the biomass,protein,chlorophyll content and other key indicators in the growth of chlorella have some problems,including complicated operation,slow detection speed and difficult large-scale application.In this study,a fast and efficient monitoring method for the key indicators in the growth of chlorella was established using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to collect near-infrared spectra of chlorella algal fluid at different growth stages,and standard methods were used to detect the biomass,protein and chlorophyll contents of corresponding samples.A quantitative analysis model was established based on partial least squares regression(PLSR).To improve the prediction ability of the model,multiplicative scatter correction(MSC)was used to reduce the interference of scattering on the raw spectrum(RS),standard normal variate(SNV)was used to normalize the original spectral data to eliminate differences between samples,continuous wavelet transform(CWT)was used to obtain the key features of spectral data,the first derivative(1st)was used to enhance the differentiation of the original spectral features,and monte carlo-uninformative variable elimination(MC-UVE)and randomization test(RT)were used to screen the valid variables in the wavelength.By evaluating the prediction ability of different models,the quantitative analysis models of chlorella biomass,protein and chlorophyll content were finally determined.The results showed that the model based on 1st combined with RT spectra had better predictive ability for chlorella nutrient content detection,and the root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP)and coefficients of determination(R2)were 0.041 and 0.933 for biomass,0.012 and 0.973 for protein,and 0.517 and 0.962 for chlorophyll,respectively.This model showed practical application value,and could realize the rapid and accurate detection of chlorella biomass,protein and chlorophyll content at the same time.

To clarify the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of Atractylodes lancea in Hubei province, the tissue separation method was used to isolate the pathogens from root rot samples in the main planting areas of A. lancea in Hubei. Based on the preliminary identification of the Fusarium genus by the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence, three housekeeping genes, EF1/EF2, Btu-F-FO1/Btu-F-RO1, and FF1/FR1, were amplified and sequenced. Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on these TEF gene sequences to classify the pathogens. The pathogenicity of these strains was determined using the root irrigation method. A total of 194 pathogen strains were isolated using the tissue separation method. Molecular identification using the three housekeeping genes identified the pathogens as F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. equiseti, F. tricinctum, F. redolens, F. fujikuroi, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, and F. incarnatum. Among them, F. solani and F. oxysporum were the dominant strains, widely distributed in multiple regions, with F. solani accounting for approximately 54% of the total isolated strains and F. oxysporum accounting for approximately 34%. Other strains accounted for a relatively small proportion, totaling approximately 12%. The results of pathogenicity determination showed that there were certain differences in pathogenicity among strains. The analysis of the pathogenicity differentiation of the widely distributed F. solani and F. oxysporum strains revealed that these dominant strains in Hubei were mainly highly pathogenic. This study determined the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of A. lancea in Hubei province. The results provide a scientific basis for further understanding the root rot of A. lancea and its epidemic occurrence and scientifically preventing and controlling this disease.
Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Atractylodes/microbiology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots/microbiology* ; Fusarium/classification* ; China ; Virulence ; Fungal Proteins/genetics*

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources are the essential material foundation for the development of TCM. The national survey of TCM resources serves as a periodic summary of these resources, ensuring the continuity, prosperity, and development of TCM in China. Since 1949, four national surveys of TCM resources have been conducted. The fourth survey incorporated an investigation into traditional knowledge related to TCM resources, including the traditional medicinal knowledge of Chinese ethnic minorities, with the goal of systematically exploring, preserving, and inheriting this knowledge. This manuscript provides an overview of the basic findings from the first three national surveys of TCM resources, while also clarifying the concepts, categories, forms, carriers, and acquisition pathways of traditional knowledge related to TCM resources. A preliminary summary of the findings from traditional knowledge investigations reported in current literature is also presented. Based on the fourth survey, this manuscript emphasizes the urgency of developing public medical knowledge through empirically-based investigations, the excavation, and compilation of traditional knowledge. It also outlines the potential for conducting "precise" investigations based on first-hand data obtained from the survey, as well as facilitating the discovery and evaluation of new medicines using traditional knowledge related to ethnic minority medicinal practices. This manuscript is expected to provide valuable insights for promoting the health and industrial development of ethnic minority populations in the post-"survey" phase.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; China/ethnology* ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The chemical constituents of the chloroform extract of the 90% methanol extract obtained from the dried branches and leaves of Croton lauioides were investigated. By using silica gel column chromatography, C_(18 )column chromatography, MCI column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), six compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as lauioidine(1), 2α-methoxy-8α-hydroxy-6-oxogermacra-1(10),7(11)-dien-8,12-olide(2), myrrhanolide B(3), gossweilone(4), 6β,7β-epox-4α-hydroxyguaian-10-ene(5), and 4(15)-eudesmane-1β,5α-diol(6) by analyzing the HR-ESI-MS, IR, ECD, 1D NMR and 2D NMR data, as well as their physicochemical properties. All compounds were isolated from C. lauioides for the first time, among which compound 1 is a new nor-clerodane diterpenoid.
Croton/chemistry* ; Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of women with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB)in sub-plateau regions and analyze the factors affecting their treatment methods.Methods AUB patients who were hospitalized from Jan 1,2018 to Dec 31,2022,in a sub-plateau region(Yongping County People's Hospital of Yunnan Province)with an average altitude of 1 620 meters were selected.The general clinical characteristics of the patients were summarized,and patients were classified into two categories(with or without uterine structural lesion)and nine subtypes(PALM-COEIN)according to the FIGO recommended etiological classification guidelines.Then the patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of uterine structural lesions,ethnic group(Han and minority),conservative drug treatment and surgical treatment groups,blood transfusion and non-blood transfusion groups.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting treatment methods.Results A total of 481 AUB patients enrolled,and the delayed consultation rate was as high as 80.46%,and the proportion of overweight and obese patients was 49.90%,which was higher than the average level among Chinese women.The main cause was AUB-O(AUB-ovulatory dysfunction),accounting for 78.59%of cases,the proportion of patients with delayed medical treatment was higher than those without delayed medical treatment(82.17%vs.74.47%).Patients who received blood transfusion were significantly younger,had lower hemoglobin(HGB)levels,fewer pregnancies,and lower BMI compared to those in the non-blood transfusion group(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the surgical treatment group had older age,longer onset time,higher HGB levels,more pregnancies and deliveries,higher BMI,a higher proportion of Han ethnicity patients,lower rates of non-blood transfusion,higher rates of hypertension,and more uterine structural lesions compared to the conservative drug treatment group.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that blood transfusion treatment reduced the probability of surgical treatment.Age and uterine structural lesions were risk factors for requiring surgical treatment,for each additional year of age,the risk of undergoing surgical treatment increased by 10%.The risk of requiring surgical treatment for patients with uterine structural lesions was 2.987 times higher than for those without.Conclusion AUB patients in this sub-plateau regions have a high rate of delayed consultation and a high proportion of overweight and obesity,with AUB-O being the primary cause.Older age and the presence of uterine structural lesions were risk factors for requiring surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous injection of remifentanil on the comfort level of birth-giving women with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean section.Methods A total of 82 birth-giving women with scarred uterus who underwent cesarean section in the Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from October 2021 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group(with 41 cases in each group).Before skin resection of cesarean section,the birth-giving women of the observation group were injected with 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1 remifentanil intravenously until the end of the operation,and these in the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline.The vital signs and pain at different time points,traction reaction and occurrence of maternal and infant complications were compared between the two groups.Results The mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score and incidence of traction reactions at abdominal exploration in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the neonatal umbilical vein pH value,umbilical vein blood pulse oximetry saturation(SPO2),Apgar scores 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth of newborn,or nausea,vomiting and respiratory depression of birth-giving women between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion For birth-giving women with scar uterus who underwent cesarean section,intravenous injection of 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1 of reifentanil can reduce the fluctuation of vital signs,significantly relieve the traction reaction at abdominal exploration,with a few maternal and infant complications,which is conducive to improving the comfort level of the birth-giving women.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous injection of remifentanil on the comfort level of birth-giving women with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean section.Methods A total of 82 birth-giving women with scarred uterus who underwent cesarean section in the Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from October 2021 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group(with 41 cases in each group).Before skin resection of cesarean section,the birth-giving women of the observation group were injected with 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1 remifentanil intravenously until the end of the operation,and these in the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline.The vital signs and pain at different time points,traction reaction and occurrence of maternal and infant complications were compared between the two groups.Results The mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score and incidence of traction reactions at abdominal exploration in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the neonatal umbilical vein pH value,umbilical vein blood pulse oximetry saturation(SPO2),Apgar scores 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth of newborn,or nausea,vomiting and respiratory depression of birth-giving women between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion For birth-giving women with scar uterus who underwent cesarean section,intravenous injection of 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1 of reifentanil can reduce the fluctuation of vital signs,significantly relieve the traction reaction at abdominal exploration,with a few maternal and infant complications,which is conducive to improving the comfort level of the birth-giving women.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of women with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB)in sub-plateau regions and analyze the factors affecting their treatment methods.Methods AUB patients who were hospitalized from Jan 1,2018 to Dec 31,2022,in a sub-plateau region(Yongping County People's Hospital of Yunnan Province)with an average altitude of 1 620 meters were selected.The general clinical characteristics of the patients were summarized,and patients were classified into two categories(with or without uterine structural lesion)and nine subtypes(PALM-COEIN)according to the FIGO recommended etiological classification guidelines.Then the patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of uterine structural lesions,ethnic group(Han and minority),conservative drug treatment and surgical treatment groups,blood transfusion and non-blood transfusion groups.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting treatment methods.Results A total of 481 AUB patients enrolled,and the delayed consultation rate was as high as 80.46%,and the proportion of overweight and obese patients was 49.90%,which was higher than the average level among Chinese women.The main cause was AUB-O(AUB-ovulatory dysfunction),accounting for 78.59%of cases,the proportion of patients with delayed medical treatment was higher than those without delayed medical treatment(82.17%vs.74.47%).Patients who received blood transfusion were significantly younger,had lower hemoglobin(HGB)levels,fewer pregnancies,and lower BMI compared to those in the non-blood transfusion group(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the surgical treatment group had older age,longer onset time,higher HGB levels,more pregnancies and deliveries,higher BMI,a higher proportion of Han ethnicity patients,lower rates of non-blood transfusion,higher rates of hypertension,and more uterine structural lesions compared to the conservative drug treatment group.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that blood transfusion treatment reduced the probability of surgical treatment.Age and uterine structural lesions were risk factors for requiring surgical treatment,for each additional year of age,the risk of undergoing surgical treatment increased by 10%.The risk of requiring surgical treatment for patients with uterine structural lesions was 2.987 times higher than for those without.Conclusion AUB patients in this sub-plateau regions have a high rate of delayed consultation and a high proportion of overweight and obesity,with AUB-O being the primary cause.Older age and the presence of uterine structural lesions were risk factors for requiring surgical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Pseudomonas aeruginosa injection in preventing reurrent urinary tract infection in women. Methods:This was a multicenter, randomized, open, positive-controlled, non-inferiority trial involving female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) who were admitted to 11 medical centers in China. Inclusion criteria: ①Aged 18-70 years, with verifiable clinical data showing at least 3 episodes of acute UTIs within 1 year and at least 2 episodes within 6 months, and cured by antimicrobial therapy; ② At the time of enrollment, the patients had no obvious symptoms of urinary tract irritation, normal white blood cell count in midstream urine routine (within the normal range of laboratory standards of each unit) or ≤3HP by centrifuge microscopy, negative leucocyte esterase and nitrite, and negative urine culture; ③No abnormal urinary anatomic function (such as urinary obstruction, calculus or congenital urinary malformation) and residual urine volume ≤50 ml were detected by B-ultrasound of urinary system; ④Informed consent signed by the person or agent; ⑤Clear consciousness, able to answer questions independently, according to the requirements of the test plan to complete the research questionnaire. Exclusion criteria: ①Patients allergic to the above drugs; ②Any complex signs of urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis (manifested as low back pain, fever ≥37.3℃, systemic symptoms); ③Drugs affecting immune function were used within 7 days before randomization; ④Patients with basic diseases of urinary system such as obstruction, calculus, urinary stenosis, vesicoureteral reflux or other functional abnormalities, urine diversion, indwelling catheter or stent tube or intermittent catheterization; ⑤Combined with or existing systemic lupus erythematosus, AIDS and other diseases that can lead to systemic immune function abnormalities; ⑥Patients who are known or suspected to be pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning a pregnancy within 3 months of stopping the drug; ⑦Patients with malignant tumors and mental patients; ⑧Persons who have received any other investigational drug treatment or participated in another interventional clinical trial within 4 weeks prior to screening; ⑨Failure to comply with the trial protocol or other conditions deemed unsuitable for enrollment by the investigator. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group was given Pseudomonas aeruginosa injection for 5 times, 0.5 ml for the first time, and 1 ml/ time per week for the following 4 weeks. The control group was given fosfomycin aminotriol 3g orally, once every 10 days, for 9 consecutive times. The patients were followed up for 6 to 8 months, during which urinary tract symptoms developed and routine urine tests showed abnormally elevated white blood cells, which was defined as recurrent UTIs. Urine routine, liver and kidney function, and urinary secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA) were reviewed 0-2 days (V2) after the 5th administration of the experimental group and the 4th administration of the control group. Urine routine and urine SIgA were reviewed at (90±10) d (V3) and (180±10) d (V4) after treatment. At (270±10) d (V5) after treatment, the recurrence (re-infection caused by the same species of bacteria) or re-infection (re-infection caused by non-same species of bacteria) of the two groups were compared, and non-inferiority analysis was performed, and the non-inferiority threshold was set at 0.2. Results:From March 2021 to May 2022, a total of 152 rUTIs patients were enrolled in this study, including 80 patients in the experimental group, 71 patients in the intention-to-analysis set (ITT) and 66 patients in the protocol analysis set (PPS). In the control group, 72 cases met ITT in 69 cases and PPS in 67 cases. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, marital status, duration of urinary tract infection, history of diabetes, history of previous major surgery, history of infection, and urinary SIgA between the two groups (all P>0.05). The recurrence rates of the experimental group and the control group at V5 time point were 44.78% (30/67) and 42.65% (29/68), respectively ( P=0.803) (ITT data set analysis results showed that the difference in recurrence rates between the two groups was 0.0213(95% CI-0.1460-0.1886, P=0.0048). PPS data set analysis showed that the difference of recurrence rate between the two groups was -0.0021(95%CI -0.1711-0.1670, P=0.0109), and the recurrence rate of the experimental group was not worse than that of the control group. At V2 time points, there were no significant differences in liver and kidney function indexes between test group and control group ( P>0.05). At V2 to V4 time points, urinary SIgA of test group and control group were 0.90 (0.37, 2.89) mg/L and 1.32 (0.34, 3.08) mg/L, 1.54 (0.44, 3.23) mg/L and 1.71 (0.27, 2.92) mg/L, 1.11 (0.65, 3.42) mg/L and 2.18 (0.43, 3.26) mg/L, there was no statistical significance ( P>0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 30.0% (24/80), including 14 cases of redness, pain and discomfort at the injection site, 5 cases of fever, 2 cases of allergic rash, and 1 case of urticaria, headache and constipation each. The incidence of adverse events in the control group was 5.6% (4/72), all of which were diarrhea, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.01). No life-threatening serious adverse events occurred in both groups, and all adverse events were self-healing without additional intervention. Conclusions:Compared with fosfomycin aminotriol, Pseudomonas aeruginosa injection has the same clinical effect in preventing rUTI and has good safety.