Objective To develop a matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-responsive hyaluronic acid(HA)-based controlled-release material for brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intervention and repair of traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods HA was modified with amination,followed by condensation with Suflo-SMCC carboxyl group to form amide,and then linked with glutathione(GSH)to synthesize HA-GSH.The recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST)-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-BDNF(GST-TIMP-BDNF)expression plasmid was constructed using molecular cloning technique with double enzyme digestion by Bam H Ⅰ and Eco R Ⅰ.The recombinant GST-TIMP-BDNF protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system,and purified by ion exchange chromatography,confirmed by Western blotting.MMP diluents were supplemented with PBS,MMP inhibitor marimastat,and varing concentrations(0.4,0.6,0.8 mg/ml)of GST-TIMP-BDNF or GST-BDNF.MMP-2 activity was analyzed using an MMP activity detection kit to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the recombinant protein on MMP.Primary rat neurons were extracted and cultured to establish an iron death model induced by RSL3.The effect of recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF on neuronal injury was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results MRI hydrogen spectrum identification confirmed the successful synthesis of HA-GSH.Western blotting results showed the successful expression of the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF containing the GST tag using the E.coli prokaryotic expression system.MMP activity detection results indicated that the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF had a superior inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activity compared to GST-BDNF(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining results showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity in rat neurons treated with GST-TIMP-BDNF after RSL3 induction(P<0.05).Conclusion A MMP-responsive HA-based BDNF controlled-release material has been successfully developed,exhibiting a protective effect on neuron damage.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing total bilirubin elevation and its correlation with UGT1A1 gene polymorphism in the early postoperative period of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Methods: 104 cases with portal hypertension and esophageal variceal hemorrhage (EVB) treated with elective TIPS treatment were selected as the study subjects and were divided into a bilirubin-elevated group and a normal bilirubin group according to the total bilirubin elevation level during the early postoperative period. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the factors influencing total bilirubin elevation in the early postoperative period. PCR amplification and first-generation sequencing technology were used to detect the polymorphic loci of the UGT1A1 gene promoter TATA box, enhancer c.-3279 T > G, c.211G > A, and c.686C > A. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of four locus alleles and genotypes with elevated total bilirubin in the early postoperative period. Results: Among the 104 cases, 47 patients were in the bilirubin elevated group, including 35 males (74.5%) and 12 females (25.5%), aged (50.72 ± 12.56) years. There were 57 cases in the normal bilirubin group, including 42 males (73.7%) and 15 females (26.3%), aged (51.63 ± 11.10) years. There was no statistically significant difference in age (t = -0.391, P = 0.697) and gender (χ(2) = 0.008, P = 0.928) between the two groups of patients. Univariate analysis revealed that preoperative alanine transaminase (ALT) level (χ(2) = 5.954, P = 0.015), total bilirubin level (χ(2) = 16.638, P < 0.001), MELD score (χ(2) = 10.054, P = 0.018), Child-Pugh score (χ(2) = 6.844, P = 0.022), and postoperative portal vein branch development (χ(2) = 6.738, P = 0.034) were statistically significantly different between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative ALT level, total bilirubin level, and portal vein branch development after TIPS were correlated with the elevated total bilirubin in the early postoperative period. The polymorphism of the c.211G > A locus of the UGT1A1 gene correlation had elevated total bilirubin in the early postoperative period of TIPS. The risk of elevated total bilirubin was increased in the population carrying allele A (P = 0.001, OR = 4.049) in the early postoperative period. Allelic polymorphisms in the TATA box promoter region and enhancer c.-3279 T > G and c.686C > A had no statistically significant difference between the bilirubin-elevated group and the normal bilirubin group. Conclusion: The preoperative ALT level, total bilirubin level, and portal vein branch development are correlated with the elevated total bilirubin in early postoperative patients. The polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 gene and enhancer c.211G > A are correlated with the occurrence of elevated total bilirubin in the early postoperative period of TIPS. Allele A carrier may have a higher risk of elevated total bilirubin in the early postoperative period.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Bilirubin ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery* ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics*

Alzheimer Disease/genetics* ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein E4/metabolism* ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Male ; Noise/adverse effects* ; Rats

BACKGROUND: It has been a global trend that increasing complications related to pelvic floor surgeries have been reported over time. The current study aimed to outline the development of Chinese pelvic floor surgeries related to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) over the past 14 years and investigate the potential influence of enhanced monitoring conducted by the Chinese Association of Urogynecology since 2011. METHODS: A total of 44,594 women with POP who underwent pelvic floor surgeries between October 1, 2004 and September 30, 2018 were included from 22 tertiary academic medical centers. The data were reported voluntarily and obtained from a database. We compared the proportion of each procedure in the 7 years before and 7 years after September 30, 2011. The data were analyzed by performing Z test (one-sided). RESULTS: The number of different procedures during October 1, 2011-September 30, 2018 was more than twice that during October 1, 2004-September 30, 2011. Regarding pelvic floor surgeries related to POP, the rate of synthetic mesh procedures increased from 38.1% (5298/13,906) during October 1, 2004-September 30, 2011 to 46.0% (14,107/30,688) during October 1, 2011-September 30, 2018, whereas the rate of non-mesh procedures decreased from 61.9% (8608/13,906) to 54.0% (16,581/30,688) (Z = 15.53, P < 0.001). Regarding synthetic mesh surgeries related to POP, the rates of transvaginal placement of surgical mesh (TVM) procedures decreased from 94.1% (4983/5298) to 82.2% (11,603/14,107) (Z = 20.79, P < 0.001), but the rate of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) procedures increased from 5.9% (315/5298) to 17.8% (2504/14,107). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of synthetic mesh procedures increased while that of non-mesh procedures decreased significantly. The rate of TVM procedures decreased while the rate of LSC procedures increased significantly. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03620565, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
China ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor/surgery* ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery* ; Surgical Mesh/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagina

Identification of Chinese medicinal materials is a fundamental part and an important premise of the modern Chinese medicinal materials industry. As for the traditional Chinese medicinal materials that imitate wild cultivation, due to their scattered, irregular, and fine-grained planting characteristics, the fine classification using traditional classification methods is not accurate. Therefore, a deep convolution neural network model is used for imitating wild planting. Identification of Chinese herbal medicines. This study takes Lonicera japonica remote sensing recognition as an example, and proposes a method for fine classification of L. japonica based on a deep convolutional neural network model. The GoogLeNet network model is used to learn a large number of training samples to extract L. japonica characteristics from drone remote sensing images. Parameters, further optimize the network structure, and obtain a L. japonica recognition model. The research results show that the deep convolutional neural network based on GoogLeNet can effectively extract the L. japonica information that is relatively fragmented in the image, and realize the fine classification of L. japonica. After training and optimization, the overall classification accuracy of L. japonica can reach 97.5%, and total area accuracy is 94.6%, which can provide a reference for the application of deep convolutional neural network method in remote sensing classification of Chinese medicinal materials.
Lonicera ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Remote Sensing Technology

In order to solve the problem of manual area measurement,the traditional methods of medicinal planting area statistics are difficult to meet the needs of rapid area survey application. This paper uses the UAV remote sensing method with the advantages of unmanned,automatic,high efficiency,high score and short production cycle to monitor the shape of Callicarpa nudiflora. A solution for aerial photography,image data acquisition and data processing of drones were designed for characteristics and planting conditions. After data processing and statistical analysis,detailed information on the location and area of the C. nudiflora in the target area was obtained. Then the accuracy comparison analysis was carried out with the measured results of the C. nudiflora. The results show that the UAV is feasible for the monitoring of C. nudiflora,and has a good application prospect in the monitoring of Chinese herbal medicine planting.
Callicarpa ; Photography ; Plants, Medicinal ; Remote Sensing Technology

Background: Nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD) is a global health problem. More detailed knowledge on the skin uptake of haptens is required. This study aimed to investigate the penetration process and distribution of nickel in skin tissues with late phase and early phase of Ni-ACD to understand the mechanisms of metal allergy. Methods: Forty Hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups according to the NiSO₄ sensitizing concentration and the NiSO₄ challenged concentration: the 5% NiSO₄-group, 5% to 10% (sensitization-challenge; late phase group); 10% NiSO₄-group, 10% to 10% (sensitization-challenge; early-phase group); and the positive and negative controls. Pathological biopsies were performed on each group. The depth profile of nickel element concentration in the skin of guinea pigs was detected by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-μ-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES). Results: In each section, the nickel element concentration in both the 5% NiSO₄-group and 10% NiSO₄-group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group. In the upper 300-μm section of skin for the early phase group, the nickel element concentration was significantly higher than that in the lower section of skin. In deeper sections (<200 μm) of skin, the concentration of nickel in the early phase group was approximately equal to that in the late phase group. The curve of the late phase group was flat, which means that the nickel element concentration was distributed uniformly by SR-μ-XRF. According to the XANES data for the 10% NiSO₄ metal salt solution, structural changes occurred in the skin model sample, indicating that nickel was not present in the Ni²⁺ aqueous ionic state but in the nickel-binding protein. Conclusions This study showed that the distribution of the nickel element concentration in ACD skin tissue was different between the early phase and late phase groups. The nickel element was not present in the Ni²⁺ aqueous ionic state but bound with certain proteins to form a complex in the stratum corneum in ACD model tissue.

A new species of Alternaria causing leaf spots on the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Yunnan, China, was isolated, examined, and illustrated. Morphologically, it belongs to the section Porri of Alternaria, which produces relatively large conidia and a simple or branched, filamentous long beak. It is, however, characterized by conidiophores gradually enlarging near the apex into a clavate conidiogenous cell and long ellipsoid to obclavate, smooth-walled conidia with a long filamentous beak. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA, GAPDH, and TEF1-alpha sequences demonstrate that the phytopathogen falls in the clade of the section Porri, being most closely related to A. sidae, A. sennae, A. deseriticola, A. cyamopsidis, A. rostellata, A. nitrimali, A. crassa, and A. thunbergiae.
Acanthaceae ; Accidental Falls ; Alternaria ; Animals ; Ascomycota ; Beak ; China ; Classification ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Hevea ; Rubber ; Spores, Fungal

Temporary prescription preparation is the preparation processed into different dosage forms by relevant pharmacist according to the temporary preparation requirement and the personalized prescription made by the doctor in accordance with the syndrome differentiation and drug performance.It is an important part in personalized pharmaceutical services.Rational design of process route,production equipment and quality control method for the temporary prescription preparation,and establishment of technology research strategy and mode in accordance with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine temporary prescription preparations play an important role in promoting the development of the temporary prescription preparations.To promote the normalization,standardization and intelligent development of temporary prescription preparations,we would comprehensively summarize the significance,policy,technology characteristics,technology research status quo and existing problems in this paper,and put forward the research direction of temporary prescription preparation technology based on the physical properties of raw materials,equipment research strategy,and intelligent manufacturing technology.Thus it will push the inheritance and innovation of temporary prescription preparation.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; standards ; Quality Control ; Research Design

Objective: To study the correlation between the content changes of main medicinal ingredients and the color values of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma during storage based on the principle of chromaticity analysis,and to provide reference for studying on the mechanism of discoloration and improving the quality evaluation of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Method: Simulated accelerated test was adopted in this study, where Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was stored under high temperature(40±5)℃,high humidity RH(92.5±5)%and strong light(4 000±500)Lx conditions to accelerate its discoloration. For the samples taken at different time points,the color value was determined by spectrophotometer and the total contents of anthraquinone and free anthraquinones,sennoside A,B,catechin and gallic acid were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The correlation between the effective components and the color value of rhubarb was analyzed by SPSS software. Result: During the storage process,it was observed by the eye that the color of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was significantly darker and darker in the simulated acceleration test. According to the analysis of the chromaticity value results,the changes of chromaticity values L^*and E^*ab of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were significantly negatively correlated with free strontium content(P<0.05),and significantly positively correlated with catechin content(P<0.05),but there was no correlation with total anthraquinones and sennoside A. The chromaticity value a^* was significantly negatively correlated with gallic acid(P<0.05) and significantly positively correlated with sennoside B(P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a certain correlation between the change of color value and the content of six medicinal ingredients during Rhei Radix et Rhizoma storage.