ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Mailuoning compound solution in the treatment of hip joint pain via nerve blocks around the hip joint. MethodsFrom March 2015 to March 2019，a total of 136 patients with hip joint pain who met the inclusion criteria were admitted and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method. Among them，six cases fell off due to failure to complete five treatments，and finally， 130 patients entered clinical observation，with 65 cases in each group. The observation group used Mailuoning compound solution for nerve blocks around the hip joint（including obturator nerve，femoral nerve branch，superior gluteal nerve， and hip fascia）. The control used Mailuoning compound solution for a simple obturator nerve block. The differences in the visual analogue scale （VAS） and Harris score of hip joint of the two groups before and after treatment were observed. Any adverse drug reactions and adverse events during the treatment of the patients were recorded. ResultsThe VAS score of the two groups was significantly decreased after treatment （P<0.01）. The observation group had a more significant decrease compared to the control group（P<0.01）. The total Harris score of hip joint， pain degree，function score， and motion of joint of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group，the improvement in the total Harris score of hip joint， pain degree，and function score was more significant in the observation group （P<0.01）. The clinical efficacy based on the Harris score of hip joint of the two groups was compared. The excellent and good rate of the observation group was 84.62% （55/65）， which was significantly better than that of the control group ［56.92% （37/65）］ （χ²=12.05，P<0.01）. The follow-up results showed that the patients who achieved excellent and good results had stable curative effects and low recurrence rates，and there was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups. Case analysis showed that after treatment of femoral head necrosis，the saccular transparent shadow of the femoral head was significantly reduced，and the number of bone trabeculae increased. The low-density shadow decreased as can be seen on hip X-rays. In patients with hip osteoporosis after treatment，the number of bone trabeculae increased， and the low density shadow reduced. ConclusionThe use of Mailuoning compound solution for nerve blocks around the hip joint gives full play to the synergistic effect of Mailuoning compound solution and nerve block. It can effectively relieve hip joint pain，promote the recovery of hip joint function，reduce the disability rate，and improve the quality of life of patients. Early intervention is an important link in the treatment of hip joint pain diseases，which can effectively control the development of the patient's disease. Mailuoning compound solution is a new idea and method to treat hip joint pain through neuroregulation，which is easy to operate，with high safety and good therapeutic effect. In future studies，a larger sample size is needed，and more in-depth research should be conducted on the imaging changes and mechanisms of action for various hip joint pain diseases.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Dahuang Zhechong Pills(DHZCP) in delaying heart aging(HA) and explore the potential mechanism. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to explore the targets and potential mechanisms of DHZCP in delaying HA. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted with the DHZCP-containing serum to verify key targets and pathways in D-galactose(D-gal)-induced aging of cardiomyocytes. Active components of DHZCP were searched against the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCSMP), and relevant targets were predicted. HA-related targets were screened from the GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM), and DisGeNET. The common targets shared by the active components of DHZCP and HA were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network in STRING 12.0, and core targets were screened based on degree in Cytoscape 3.9.1. Metaspace was used for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses of the core targets to predict the mechanisms. Molecular docking was performed in AutoDock Vina. The results indicated that a total of 774 targets of the active components of DHZCP and 4 520 targets related to HA were screened out, including 510 common targets. Core targets included B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL-2), serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit A(HIF1A). The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that DHZCP mainly exerted its effects via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, HIF-1α signaling pathway, longevity signaling pathway, and apoptosis signaling pathway. Among the pathways predicted by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway was selected for verification. The cell-counting kit 8(CCK-8) assay showed that D-gal significantly inhibited the proliferation of H9c2 cells, while DHZCP-containing serum increased the viability of H9c2 cells. SA-β-gal staining revealed a significant increase in the number of blue-green positive cells in the D-gal group, which was reduced by DHZCP-containing serum. TUNEL staining showed that DHZCP-containing serum decreased the number of apoptotic cells. After treatment with DHZCP-containing serum, the protein levels of Klotho, BCL-2, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT1/AKT1, and HIF-1α were up-regulated, while those of P21, P16, BCL-2 associated X protein(Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 were down-regulated. The results indicated that DHZCP delayed HA via multiple components, targets, and pathways. Specifically, DHZCP may delay HA by reducing apoptosis via activating the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Animals ; Rats ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Aging/metabolism* ; Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects* ; Heart/drug effects* ; Network Pharmacology

Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herbaceous plant of Asteraceae, with rhizomes for medical use. However, A. lancea plants from different habitats have great variability, and the germplasm resources of A. lancea are unclear and mixed during production. Therefore, it is urgent to protect new varieties of A. lancea. The distinctness, uniformity, and stability(DUS) testing of new plant varieties is the foundation of plant variety protection, and the DUS testing guidelines are the technical basis for variety approval agencies to conduct DUS testing. In this study, the phenotypic traits of 94 germplasm accessions of A. lancea were investigated considering the breeding and variety characteristics of A. lancea in China. The traits were classified and described, and 24 traits were preliminarily determined, including 20 basic traits that must be tested and four traits selected to be tested. The 20 basic traits included 3 quality traits, 5 false quality traits, and 12 quantitative traits, corresponding to 1 plant traits, 2 stem traits, 8 leaf traits, 6 flower traits, and 3 seed traits. The measurement ranges and coefficients of variation of eight quantitative traits were determined, on the basis of which the grading criteria and codes of the traits were determined and assigned. The guidelines has guiding significance for the trait evaluation, utilization, and breeding of new varieties of A. lancea.
Atractylodes/growth & development* ; China ; Phenotype ; Guidelines as Topic ; Plant Breeding

This study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis(CS) in ameliorating heart aging and injury in mice based on animal experiments and network pharmacology. A mouse model of heart aging was established by continuously subcutaneous injection of D-galactose(D-gal). Thirty mice were randomly assigned into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose CS(CS-L) group, a high-dose CS(CS-H) group, and a vitamin E(VE) group. Mice in these groups were administrated with normal saline, different doses of CS suspension, or VE suspension via gavage daily. After 60 days of treatment with D-gal and various drugs, all mice were euthanized, and blood and heart tissue samples were collected for determination of the indicators related to heart aging and injury in mice. Experimental results showed that both high and low doses of CS and VE ameliorated the aging phenotype, improved the heart index and myocardial enzyme spectrum, restored the expression levels of proteins associated with cell cycle arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes(SASP), and alleviated the fibrosis and histopathological changes of the heart tissue in model mice. From the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),259 active ingredients of CS were retrieved. From Gene Cards and OMIM, 2 568 targets related to heart aging were identified, and 133common targets shared by CS and heart aging were obtained. The Gene Ontology(GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes( KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that the pathways related to heart aging involved oxidative stress,apoptosis, inflammation-related signaling pathways, etc. The animal experiment results showed that both high and low doses of CS and VE ameliorated oxidative stress and apoptosis in the heart tissue to varying degrees in model mice. Additionally, CS-H and VE activated the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) pathway and inhibited the expression of key proteins in the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) pathway in the heart tissue of model mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated based on network pharmacology and animal experiments that CS may alleviate heart aging and injury in aging mice by reducing oxidative stress,apoptosis, and inflammation in the heart via the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway.
Animals ; Cordyceps/chemistry* ; Mice ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics* ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Aging/genetics* ; Male ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Network Pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics* ; Heart/drug effects* ; Humans ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Membrane Proteins/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Compound Xuanju Capsule in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. METHODS: The active ingredients and targets of Compound Xuanju Capsule were screened using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). TTD, OMIM, DrugBank and GeneCards databases were used to obtain genes related to ED, and the union of the results was taken as the disease genes of ED. The common target of drug and disease was taken as the potential target of Compound Xuanju Capsule in ED, and the drug-disease interaction network was constructed by using Cytoscape software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using String database, which was then imported into Cytoscape to identify the key target. Based on the drug-disease intersection genes, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to predict the relevant signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of Compound Xuanju Capsule for the treatment of ED. Autodock software was used to perform molecular docking between the active ingredients and the core targets. RESULTS: Forty chemical components of Compound Xuanju Capsule were screened, and 239 predicted targets were obtained. A total of 1 907 ED-related genes were screened, and 97 common targets were identified between Compound Xuanju Capsule and ED, among which the core targets included EGFR, ESR1, HIF1A, PTGS2, and STAT3. The signaling pathways obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis included calcium signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, Serotonergic synapse signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that there were molecular binding sites between the key active ingredients and the core targets with strong binding activity. CONCLUSION Compound Xuanju Capsule may treat ED through multi-target pathways such as anti-inflammatory and improving cellular oxidative stress.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Male ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Network Pharmacology ; Capsules ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

Objective To investigate the toxicokinetic differences of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine(MDMA)and its metabolite 4,5-methylene dioxy amphetamine(MDA)in rats af-ter single and continuous administration of MDMA,providing reference data for the forensic identifica-tion of MDMA.Methods A total of 24 rats in the single administration group were randomly divided into 5,10 and 20 mg/kg experimental groups and the control group,with 6 rats in each group.The ex-perimental group was given intraperitoneal injection of MDMA,and the control group was given intraperi-toneal injection of the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group.The amount of 0.5 mL blood was collected from the medial canthus 5 min,30 min,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,8 h,10 h,12 h after administration.In the continuous administration group,24 rats were randomly divided into the experi-mental group(18 rats)and the control group(6 rats).The experimental group was given MDMA 7 d by continuous intraperitoneal injection in increments of 5,7,9,11,13,15,17 mg/kg per day,respectively,while the control group was given the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group by in-traperitoneal injection.On the eighth day,the experimental rats were randomly divided into 5,10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups,with 6 rats in each group.MDMA was injected intraperitoneally,and the con-trol group was injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group.On the eighth day,0.5 mL of blood was taken from the medial canthus 5 min,30 min,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,8 h,10 h,12 h after administration.Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect MDMA and MDA levels,and statistical software was employed for data analysis.Results In the single-administration group,peak concentrations of MDMA and MDA were reached at 5 min and 1 h after administration,respectively,with the largest detection time limit of 12 h.In the continuous administration group,peak concentrations were reached at 30 min and 1.5 h af-ter administration,respectively,with the largest detection time limit of 10 h.Nonlinear fitting equations for the concentration ratio of MDMA and MDA in plasma and administration time in the single-administration group and continuous administration group were as follows:T=10.362C-1.183,R2=0.974 6;T=7.397 3C-0.694,R2=0.961 5(T:injection time;C:concentration ratio of MDMA to MDA in plasma).Conclusions The toxicokinetic data of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rats,obtained through single and continuous administration,including peak concentration,peak time,detection time limit,and the relationship between concentration ratio and administration time,provide a theoretical and data foundation for relevant forensic identification.

Objective To investigate the human papillomavirus(HPV)infection and genotype distribution characteristics among male reproductive health outpatients,and to compare the differences among different age groups of outpatients.Methods A total of 1 658 males,visited in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research from 2018 to 2022,were selected and 23 HPV genotypes were detected by PCR-reverse dot hybridization.Results Among the 1 658 subjects,the overall HPV infection rate was 22.50%.Single infection accounted for 66.76%,which was the main infection type.HPV infection among different age groups were statistically significant(P<0.001),with HPV infection of 16.83%,22.87%,34.63%,and 29.35%for 18-30,31-40,41-50,and≥51 years,respectively.The top 5 high risk HPV genotypes were HPV52(3.56%),HPV16(3.26%),HPV39(2.41%),HPV51(2.17%),HPV58(2.17%),and the top 1 low risk HPV genotype was HPV81(2.90%).The proportions of infected individuals in this study that could be completely covered by bivalent,quadrivalent,and nine-valent HPV vaccines were 7.77%,12.33%,and 26.27%,respectively.Conclusion The predominant infection type among male reproductive health outpatients was single infection type.HPV 52,16,39,51 and 58 were the most common high risk genotypes,while HPV 81 was the most common low risk genotype.Individuals aged 41-50 years had the highest HPV infection rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhynchophylline on methamphetamine-dependent SH-SY5Y cells model and microRNA-375-3p(miR-375-3p)/embryonic lethal abnormal vision drosophila-like 4(Elavl4)expression.Methods A methamphetamine-dependent cell model by maximum safe dose induction was established.The cells were divided into normal group(complete culture medium),control group(complete culture medium+400 μmol·L-1 rhynchophylline incubated for 48 h),model group(complete culture medium+100 μmnol·L-1 methamphetamine incubated for 48 h)and experimental group(complete culture medium+400 μmol·L-1 rhynchophylline incubated for 15 min,then 100 μmol·L-1 methamphetamine incubated for 48 h).The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)expression were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),miR-375-3p expression was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and Elavl4 expression was detected by Western blot.Results The cAMP expression levels of normal group,control group,model group and experimental group were(6.33±0.93),(6.57±1.12),(10.89±1.03)and(7.81±1.32)pmol·mg-1;5-HT were(682.46±17.32),(690.31±15.09),(510.11±27.67)and(649.99±21.42)pg·mL-1;miR-375-3p expression were 1.00±0.13,1.13±0.24,3.48±0.18 and 1.58±0.19;Elavl4 expression were 1.00±0.05,0.89±0.10,0.50±0.09 and 0.90±0.11,respectively.The differences between above indicators in model group and normal group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);the differences between above indicators in experimental group and model group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion This study preliminarily established a methamphetamine-dependent cell model,and also found that rhynchophylline may regulate miR-375-3p/Elavl4 expression to antagonize methamphetamine addiction.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.