Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources are the essential material foundation for the development of TCM. The national survey of TCM resources serves as a periodic summary of these resources, ensuring the continuity, prosperity, and development of TCM in China. Since 1949, four national surveys of TCM resources have been conducted. The fourth survey incorporated an investigation into traditional knowledge related to TCM resources, including the traditional medicinal knowledge of Chinese ethnic minorities, with the goal of systematically exploring, preserving, and inheriting this knowledge. This manuscript provides an overview of the basic findings from the first three national surveys of TCM resources, while also clarifying the concepts, categories, forms, carriers, and acquisition pathways of traditional knowledge related to TCM resources. A preliminary summary of the findings from traditional knowledge investigations reported in current literature is also presented. Based on the fourth survey, this manuscript emphasizes the urgency of developing public medical knowledge through empirically-based investigations, the excavation, and compilation of traditional knowledge. It also outlines the potential for conducting "precise" investigations based on first-hand data obtained from the survey, as well as facilitating the discovery and evaluation of new medicines using traditional knowledge related to ethnic minority medicinal practices. This manuscript is expected to provide valuable insights for promoting the health and industrial development of ethnic minority populations in the post-"survey" phase.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; China/ethnology* ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To investigate the effect of COX6C on the proliferation of multiple myeloma(MM)cells and its mechanism of action.Methods:The expression of COX6C in MM cell lines were detected by RT-PCR.siRNA technology was used to knockdown COX6C expression in OPM2 cells.MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to assess the effect of COX6C knockdown by siRNA on cell proliferation,mitochondrial membrane potential(Δ Ψm),and intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels.The mitochondrial morphological changes in OPM2 cells pre-and post-siRNA-mediated COX6C knockdown were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results:The relative expression level of COX6C was significantly increased in MM cell lines(P＜0.01).Following siRNA-mediated COX6C knockdown,OPM2 cell proliferation was inhibited,with viable cells accounting for 62.32％±3.43％and 47.01％±5.12％after 48 and 72 hours of culture,respectively.siRNA-mediated COX6C knockdown also caused significant reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels(P＜0.05),accompanied by mitochondrial shortening,swelling,and incomplete cristae structures.Conclusion:COX6C may promote the proliferation of MM cells by altering the mitochondrial structure and elevating intracellular ATP levels.

Objective:To investigate the effect of COX6C on the proliferation of multiple myeloma(MM)cells and its mechanism of action.Methods:The expression of COX6C in MM cell lines were detected by RT-PCR.siRNA technology was used to knockdown COX6C expression in OPM2 cells.MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to assess the effect of COX6C knockdown by siRNA on cell proliferation,mitochondrial membrane potential(Δ Ψm),and intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels.The mitochondrial morphological changes in OPM2 cells pre-and post-siRNA-mediated COX6C knockdown were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results:The relative expression level of COX6C was significantly increased in MM cell lines(P＜0.01).Following siRNA-mediated COX6C knockdown,OPM2 cell proliferation was inhibited,with viable cells accounting for 62.32％±3.43％and 47.01％±5.12％after 48 and 72 hours of culture,respectively.siRNA-mediated COX6C knockdown also caused significant reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels(P＜0.05),accompanied by mitochondrial shortening,swelling,and incomplete cristae structures.Conclusion:COX6C may promote the proliferation of MM cells by altering the mitochondrial structure and elevating intracellular ATP levels.

Objective:To investigate the impact of ionizing radiation(IR)on the structure and function of the testis and pro-vide some strategies for the prevention and treatment of IR-induced damage(IRD).Methods:Using radiation dose simulation,se-men analysis,hormone testing,electron microscopy and single-cell transcriptome sequencing,we assessed and analyzed a case of IRD.We established a mouse model of IRD to validate the results of single-cell sequencing,and investigated the specific biological mecha-nisms of IRD and potential strategies for its intervention.Results:IR at 1-2 Gy significantly reduced sperm concentration and mo-tility,which gradually recovered after 12 months but the percentage of morphologically normal sperm remained low.It also caused im-balanced levels of various steroid hormones,decreased testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate,increased progesterone,prolac-tin,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone.Electron microscopy revealed damages to the testis structure,including loss of germ cells,atrophy of the seminiferous tubules,nuclear membrane depression of the spermatocytes,mitochondrial atrophy and de-formation,and reduction of mitochondrial cristae.Single-cell sequencing indicated significant changes in the function of the Leydig cells and macrophages and disrupted lipid-related metabolic pathways after IRD.Administration of L-carnitine to the mouse model im-proved lipid metabolism disorders and partially alleviated IRD to the germ cells.Conclusion:Ionizing radiation can cause disorders of testicular spermatogenesis and sexual hormones and inhibit lipid metabolism pathways in Leydig cells and macrophages.Improving lipid metabolism can alleviate IRD to germ cells.

This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and the compatibility significance of Tanyu Tongzhi Formula in treating atherosclerosis(AS) in mice based on the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Eight C57BL/6J mice were as assigned to a normal control group and fed a regular diet, while 35 ApoE~(-/-) mice of the same strain were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish an AS model. The model mice were randomly divided into a model group, a Tanyu Tongzhi group(18.2 mg·kg~(-1)), a Huatan(phlegm-resolving) group(10.4 mg·kg~(-1)), and a Quyu(blood stasis-resolving) group(7.8 mg·kg~(-1)), with 8 mice in each group. Except for the normal group, all other groups continued to be fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to maintain the AS model, and then the mice were treated by gavage for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-18(IL-18) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining, oil red O staining, and Russell-Movat pentachrome staining were performed to observe the pathological changes in the aortic tissue. The proportions of aortic plaque area, lipid-stained area, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers were calculated. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2(TIMP2). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, Smad2/3, and Smad7 in aortic tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β receptor(TGF-βR), TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Smad7, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in aortic tissue. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the model group had increased plasma TC and LDL-C, significantly decreased HDL-C, and significantly elevated plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels. The model group also exhibited an increased proportion of aortic plaque area, lipid-stained area, and collagen fiber area, along with significantly upregulated MMP2 and downregulated TIMP2 expression in the aortic arch. Additionally, the expression levels of TGF-βR, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2/3 proteins and mRNA in the aortic tissue were significantly elevated, while Smad7 expression was decreased. Compared with the model group, the Tanyu Tongzhi group showed significantly reduced plasma TC and LDL-C levels, significantly increased HDL-C levels, and significantly decreased plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels. The Tanyu Tongzhi group also exhibited a significant reduction in aortic plaque size and severity, a significant downregulation of MMP2 expression in the aortic arch, and significantly decreased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression levels. Moreover, the Tanyu Tongzhi group demonstrated significantly reduced expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 proteins and mRNA in the aortic tissue, and an increased expression level of Smad7 protein to varying degrees. Compared with the Tanyu Tongzhi group, the Quyu group had significantly higher LDL-C levels and elevated plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels. The Huatan group showed upregulated MMP2 expression and downregulated TIMP2 expression in the aortic arch. In conclusion, Tanyu Tongzhi Formula, which is composed based on the pathogenesis of phlegm and blood stasis, maintains vascular homeostasis by primarily regulating lipid metabolism and controlling inflammatory factors through the Huatan group, and maintaining vascular wall permeability, inhibiting plaque development, and stabilizing plaques through the Quyu group. The mechanism of action may involve inhibiting TGF-β1 expression in the aorta, reducing Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and simultaneously increasing Smad7 expression.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics* ; Humans ; Homeostasis/drug effects* ; Aorta/metabolism* ; Smad2 Protein/genetics* ; Smad3 Protein/genetics*

Objective:To study the differential expressions of piRNAs in the seminal plasma of men and the role of piRNAs in spermatogenesis.Methods:We sequenced the seminal plasma samples collected from 187 male infertility patients and 58 normal healthy men,obtained differentially expressed piRNAs,and detected the relative expressions of piRNAs in different types of sperm by RT-qPCR to explore their significance in the diagnosis of male infertility.Using histopathology,RNA-protein pull-down and Western blot,we investigated the action mechanism of piRNAs in spermatogenesis in the mouse model.Results:RT-qPCR of the seminal plasma samples revealed a high expression of hsa_piR_000478 in teratozoospermia and ROC curve analysis showed an auxiliary signifi-cance of hsa_piR_000478 in the diagnosis of the disease(AUC=0.7549).Transfection of hsa_piR_000478 and its homologous se-quence piR_mmu_54800729 into the seminiferous tubules of the mouse model significantly decreased sperm motility,increased the per-centage of morphologically abnormal sperm and destroyed the testicular structure.Molecular biological experiments exhibited a close correlation between piRNAs and the energy metabolism-related pathway,which elevated the level of cell glycolysis and interfered with normal spermatogenesis.Conclusion:hsa_piR_000478 has an auxiliary significance in the diagnosis of male infertility,and piRNAs may interfere with spermatogenesis by affecting the glycolysis-related pathway in the spermatogenic microenvironment of the testis.

To compare the impact of the scrotal vs inguinal orchidopexy approach on the testicular function of infants with cryptorchidism, a randomized controlled trial was conducted involving boys who were 6-12 months old at surgery and were diagnosed with clinically palpable, inguinal undescended testis. Between June 2021 and December 2021, these boys at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) and Fujian Children's Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were enrolled. Block randomization with a 1:1 allocation ratio was employed. The primary outcome was testicular function assessed by testicular volume, serum testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B (InhB) levels. Secondary outcomes included operative time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative complications. Among 577 screened patients, 100 (17.3%) were considered eligible and enrolled in the study. Of the 100 children who completed the 1-year follow-up, 50 underwent scrotal orchidopexy and 50 underwent inguinal orchidopexy. The testicular volume, serum testosterone, AMH, and InhB levels in both groups increased markedly after surgery (all P < 0.05), but there were no apparent differences between groups at 6 months and 12 months after operation (all P > 0.05). No differences between the scrotal and inguinal groups were noted regarding the operative time ( P = 0.987) and amount of intraoperative bleeding ( P = 0.746). The overall complication rate (2.0%) of the scrotal group was slightly lower than that of the inguinal group (8.0%), although this difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Both scrotal and inguinal orchiopexy exerted protective effects on testicular function in children with cryptorchidism, with similar operative status and postoperative complications. Scrotal orchiopexy is an effective alternative to inguinal orchiopexy in children with cryptorchidism.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Cryptorchidism/surgery* ; Orchiopexy ; Scrotum/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Testosterone

Aim To investigate the effect of Lulong Zaisheng Decoction II on chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression in nude mice bearing colorectal cancer. Methods Male BALB/C nude mice were inoculated with human colon cancer cell HT-29 under the armpit. The tumor bearing nude mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, chemotherapy group, positive drug group, Lulong Zaisheng Decoction II groups with high and low doses. The mice were given drugs by gavage once a day for 10 consecutive days. From the fourth day of the experiment, except for the control group, the nude mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5-FU at dose of 25 mg • kg

Objective To investigate the treatment outcomes,prognosis,and risk factors of treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae,and thus provide clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods The clinical data of PDAP patients at four peritoneal dialysis centers from January 1,2014 to December 31,2019 were collected retrospectively.The treatment outcomes and prognosis were compared between the patients with PDAP caused by Klebsiella.pneumoniae and that caused by Escherichia coli.Kaplan-Meier method was employed to establish the survival curve of technical failure,and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the risk factors of the treatment failure of PADP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results In the 4 peritoneal dialysis centers,1034 cases of PDAP occurred in 586 patients from 2014 to 2019,including 21 cases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and 98 cases caused by Escherichia coli.The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was 0.0048 times per patient per year on average,ranging from 0.0024 to 0.0124 times per patient per year during 2014-2019.According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve,the technical failure rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was higher than that of Escherichia coli caused PDAP (P=0.022).The multivariate Logistic regression model showed that long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP (OR=1.082,95%CI=1.011-1.158,P=0.023).Klebsiella pneumoniae was highly sensitive to amikacin,meropenem,imipenem,piperacillin,and cefotetan,and it was highly resistant to ampicillin (81.82%),cefazolin (53.33%),tetracycline (50.00%),cefotaxime (43.75%),and chloramphenicol (42.86%). Conclusion The PDAP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae had worse prognosis than that caused by Escherichia coli,and long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP.
Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Retrospective Studies ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Peritonitis/drug therapy* ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Failure ; Escherichia coli