Deficiencies in the clearance of peripheral amyloid β (Aβ) play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that the ability of blood monocytes to phagocytose Aβ is decreased in AD. However, the exact mechanism of Aβ clearance dysfunction in AD monocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we found that blood monocytes in AD mice exhibited decreases in energy metabolism, which was accompanied by cellular senescence, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and dysfunctional phagocytosis of Aβ. Improving energy metabolism rejuvenated monocytes and enhanced their ability to phagocytose Aβ in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, enhancing blood monocyte Aβ phagocytosis by improving energy metabolism alleviated brain Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation and eventually improved cognitive function in AD mice. This study reveals a new mechanism of impaired Aβ phagocytosis in monocytes and provides evidence that restoring their energy metabolism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
Animals ; Mice ; Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Monocytes ; Cognition ; Energy Metabolism ; Phagocytosis

Mongolians have a long history of using prescriptions, which can be classified into four stages as follows: the germination and experience accumulation stage before the 13 th century, the theoretical formation stage from the 13 th to 16 th century, the rapid development stage from the 17 th to 20 th century, and the leaping development stage from the mid-20 th century to the present. The prescriptions from the ancient classical or representative medical books have always been used by Mongolian physicians for generations, and they are still in use due to the definite curative effects. In 2008, the Notice on Issuing the Supplementary Provisions to the Registration and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) described that China has attached more importance to the excavation and development of classical prescriptions. As stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classical prescriptions should be those available in ancient TCM classics and still in wide use, with exact curative effects, distinct features, and obvious advantages. This paper expounded the historical formation and development of classical prescriptions in Mongo-lian medicine, introduced the five most influential ancient medical books revealing the formation and development of these classic prescriptions, and traced the origin of such classical prescriptions as Wenguanmu Siwei Decoction, Shouzhangshen Bawei Decoction, Jianghuang Siwei Decoction and summarized the origin, development history and characteristics of classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine, aiming to provide a reference for their further research and development.
Books ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Prescriptions

Purpose To investigate the effect of down-regulation of miR-92 a on the proliferation and angiogenesis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Human NSCLC cell A549 was divided into three groups: A549 group (non-transfected A549 cells), sc-siRNA group (A549 cells transfected with sc-siRNA) and miR-92a-siRNA group (A 5 4 9 cells trans-fected with miR-92a-siRNA). The relative expression level of miR-92 a, PTEN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in A549 cells and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The proliferation ability of A549 cells in each group was detected by living cell count and crystal violet staining experiment. Results The relative expression of miR-92 a in A549 cells was significantly higher than that in HBE cells (P < 0.05), the expression level of PTEN protein in A549 cells was significantly lower than that in HBE cells (P < 0.05), and the expression level of VEGF protein was significantly higher than that in HBE cells (P < 0.05).In the miR-92a-siRNA group, the relative expression of miR-92 a decreased (P < 0.05), the expression level of PTEN protein in-creased (P < 0.05), and the expression level of VEGF protein decreased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of PI3 K and Akt in miR-92a-siRNA group decreased (P < 0.05). the number of cells and cell proliferation ability in miR-92a-siRNA group reduced. Conclusion The expression of miR-92 a in NSCLC A549 cells is up-regulated, miR-92 a gene silencing can significantly inhibit cell proliferation and inhibit cell angiogenesis, PTEN and VEGF related PI3K/Akt signaling pathways may play an important role in this process.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine combined with cisplatin on the transplanted tumor growth and angiogenesis inhibition of Lewis lung adenocarcinoma in mice.Methods Lewis lung carcinoma model of C57BL/6 mice were produced by under arm injection of Lewis lung cancer cells.Then the tumor-bearing mice were randomized into fore groups,with 15 mouse in each group:model group,cisplatin group,tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) group and combined group(TMP + cisplatin).Control group was given with 0.9％ NaCL 0.2 mL,cisplatin group was given with 2 mg· kg-1 cisplatin 0.2 mL,TMP group was given with 100 mg · kg-1 TMP 0.2 mL,combination group was TMP + cisptatin groups,per 0.2 mL.All mouse were sacrificed after intraperitoneal injection for two weeks.Subcutaneous tumors were processed for tumor weight,and the tumor inhibitory rate was calculated.The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and Vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group (tumor inhibition rate:0),tumor inhibition rate in combination group,cisplatin group,TMP group were 54.81％,32.36％,18.36％ with statistically significant difference between groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGF in combination group,cisplatin group,TMP group,model group were 20.37 ± 2.02,28.07 ± 4.29,26.43 ± 4.69,62.14 ±6.78,respectively.The expression levels of VASH-1 in the four groups were 9.04 ± 1.01,10.10± 1.61,11.53 ± 1.96,12.94 ± 1.10,with statistically significant difference between groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis:the VEGF and VASH-1 was positively correlated (r =0.664,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tetramethylpyrazine has synergetic inhibitory effect with cisplatin on transplanted tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.The action mechanism may be due to exert direct effects on cancer cell and down-regulate the VEGF and VASH-1 expression,inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of early screening of pediatric developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) using ultrasonography and establish a simultaneous screening model for pediatric DDH and CMT.

METHODSFrom January, 2013 to January, 2016, a total of 5060 pediatric patients with suspected DDH and CMT underwent ultrasonic examinations. The diagnostic results of the two diseases were classified into different clinical types, and Chi-square test was used to analyze the one-way relationship between different types of DDH and CMT; correspondence analysis was used for multivariate analysis of the variables. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between the detection rates in suspected CMT patients and the normal population.

RESULTSGrafIIa type DDH was associated with mass-type CMT in the children (χ=331.800, P<0.001). DDH of GrafIIb, GrafIIc, Graf III, and Graf IV types were related with non-tumor type of CMT. The children with a suspected diagnosis of CMT showed a significantly higher detection rate of DDH than the normal subjects (χ=321.889, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONDDH is closely related with CMT. Early simultaneous screening of DDH and CMT can help to improve the early diagnosis rate of CMT in children.

To investigate the stability and the conversion rules of cantharidin and cantharidic acid contained in the Mylabris aqueous solution under different conditions. The contents of cantharidin and cantharidic acid under different conditions (pH, temperature and light) were determined by HPLC-TQ-MS. The results showed that the content of cantharidin was gradually decreased with the rising of pH value, while on the contrary, the content of cantharidic acid was increased gradually; after Mylabris aqueous solution with different pH values were placed at 25, 40 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively for lighting for 90 days, the samples were collected for analysis. The results showed the contents of cantharidin and cantharidic acid were changed greatly in the first 10 days, mainly including the decrease of cantharidic acid and increase of cantharidin when the solution was acidic, and the increase of cantharidic acid and decrease of cantharidin when the solution was alkaline. After that, the contents of the above two components basically remained stable. This study revealed that pH was the main factor to affect the contents of cantharidin and cantharidic acid, and they could be converted into each other with the changes of pH value. High temperature and light can accelerate the speed of achieving such balance. The study can provide certain reference for the quality control of the medicines using the Mylabris as raw material.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between surface markers of CD56 and CD19 and karyotypes and prognosis in multiple myeloma.

METHODSA total of 126 cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in the first hospital of Peking university from 2011 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. Cytogenetic abnormalities and immunophenotypes were detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry respectively before chemotherapy. Bone marrow smear was used for detection of abnormal plasma cell infiltration. By combining with their basic data, the relationship between immunophenotypes, cytogenetics and prognosis of MM was analyzed.

RESULTS(1) The median of myeloma cells in the 126 patients was 0.24（0.01-0.97）; the median of myeloma cells in 116 patients who have immunophenotype datas was 0.25（0.01-0.97）； the median of myeloma cells in CD19 positive patients was 0.11（0.01-0.53）; the median of myeloma cells in CD19 negative patients was 0.26（0.01-0.97）. The median of myeloma cells in CD19 positive patients was much lower than that in CD19 negative patients（P=0.036）. (2)In 116 patients detected by the immunophenotype, the myeloma cells expressed CD19,CD20,CD56 and CD117. Compared with CD56 negative patients(45/116,38.79%),CD56 positive patients(71/116,61.21%) had a clearly favorable disease outcome（OS was 53.0 month vs 31.0 month,P=0.016; PFS was 37.5 months vs 18.4 months, P=0.036）. (3)CD19 positive patients was 16.38%（19/116）,CD19 negative patients was 83.62%（97/116）； CD19 positive MM and CD19 negative MM had no difference in OS and PFS. (4)CD117 positive rate in CD19 positive patients was 42.11%(8/19), the CD117 positive rate in CD19 negative patients was 18.57%(18/97), the CD19 expression positively correlated with CD117 expression. (5)FISH detection was done for 67 newly diagnosed MM patients, 8 patients showed normal karyotypes(11.94%), 59 patients had abnormal karyotypes(88.06%). The most common abnormal karyotypes were IgH rearragement which occurred in 47 patients(70.15%). Other abnormal karyotypes included 1q21+, del(13q14),del(13q14.3),del(17p13) . These abnormal karyotypes occurred in 37 patients（55.22%）,31 patients（46.27%）,33 patients（49.25%） and 13 patients（19.40%） respectively. In comparison with CD19 negative MM patients, the incidence rate of 1q21+ and del(13q14.3) was significantly lower in CD19 positive patients(1q21+:33.33% vs 61.54%,P=0.016; del(13q14.3): 33.33% vs 53.85%,P=0.043）.

CONCLUSIONThe prognosis of CD56 positive MM patients is better than that of CD56 negative MM patients, CD19 negative MM has more abnormal karyotypes and bone marrow infiltration,but they have no statistical prognostic differences.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Tetrame-thylpyrazine ( TMP ) in combination with cisplatin on the tumor growth and angiogenesis in mouse Lewis lung cancer .Methods Lewis lung carcinoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously into right axillary of C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group, TMP group,cisplatin ( DDP) group and combination group ( TMP+DDP).From day 7 after inoculation, all the mice were given different treatments for 14 days, and change of the xenografted tumor volumes was monitored.All mice were sacrificed on day 21.Subcutaneous tumors were processed for tumor weight , and tumor growth inhibition rate and tumor necrosis rate of each group were calculated .The expression level of Kruppel -like factor 4 ( KLF4 ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) were measured by Western blot . The microvascular density ( MVD) was determined by CD 105 staining.Results The tumor growth was suppressed in TMP group , cisplatin group and combination group .The weights of tumor were markedly decreased in TMP group , cisplatin group and combination group compared with model group ( P<0.05 ) .The combination group showed significant enhancement in anti -tumor efficacy than TMP group and DDP group (62.48%vs 35.58% vs 40.41%,P<0.01).Compared with DDP group,the tumor necrosis rate in combination groupwas significantly higher [ ( 24.64 ±11.96 )% vs ( 31.76 ±15.20 )%, P<0.05 ] , but not remarkably in TMP group [(15.58 ±3.19)%,P>0.05].The expression levels of vascular endothelialgrowth factor and microvessel density were significantly lower ,Kruppel-like factor 4 was significantly higher in TMP group , cisplatin group and combination group than that in model group ( P<0.05 ) .Meanwhile , there was no significant difference between cisplatin group and tetramethylpyrazine group ( P>0.05 ).Conclusion TMP has synergetic inhibitory effect with DDP on the growth and angiogenesis of Lewis lung carcinoma effectively by inhibiting expression of VEGF , enhancing expression of KLF4.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tetramethylpyrazin ( TMP) combined with cisplatin( DDP) on expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin typeⅠmotif ( ADAMTS1 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) of Lewis lung cancer rats.Methods The Lewis lung carcinoma model of c57 bl/6 were produced by intraperitoneal injection of Lewis lung cancer cells in right axillary, per 0.2 mL.Then the 56 tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 4 groups: model group ( 0.9%NaCl, 0.2 mL ) , TMP group ( 100 mg· kg-1, 0.2 mL),DDP group(2 mg· kg -1, 0.2 mL),TMP+DDP group( doses as above, n=14).Different administration were served from day 5 transplantation and all mice were sacrificed after 19 days.The weight and volume of transplanted tumors were recorded.And the expressions of VEGF and ADAMTS1 were detected by immunhistochem-isty.Results Compared with model group, the growth of transplanted tumors in TMP group, DDP group, TMP+DDP group were significantly inhibited.The weight of tumor body in the three groups were markedly lower than that of model group.The inhibitory effect of TMP combined with DDP on tumor growth was enhanced com-pared with TMP or DDP alone treatment.The expression levels of VEGF were significantly lower but ADAMTS1 was sig-nificantly higher in TMP group,DDP group,TMP+DDP group than that in model group ( P<0.05 ).Pearson correla-ted analysis showed that the expression VEGE and ADAMTS1 negatively correlated(P<0.05).Conclusion TMP has synergetic inhibitory effect with DDP on transplanted tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.The action mecha-nism may be due to down-regulate the VEGF expression and up-regulate the ADAMTS1 expression,inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Objective To discuss the influence of solution-focused approach on self-management ability of patients with maintenance hemodialysis , so as to provide objective evidence for improving nursing quality . Methods One hundred and twenty patients with maintenance homodialysis ( MHD) were randomly divided into 2 groups: the observation group and the control group , each with 60 cases.Both groups received health education and conventional treatment during dialysis , and the control group received traditional nursing while the observation group adopted solution-focused approach .Patients ’ knowledge about hemodialysis and changes of their self-management ability were evaluated after 6 months in both groups .Results After nursing with solution-focused approach , compared to control group , scores of hemodialysis related knowledge of patients in observation group were significantly higher, including dry weight concept [(4.03 ±0.84) vs (3.51 ±0.81)], self-monitoring [(15.21 ±1.58) vs (14.26 ±1.45)], dietary [(18.16 ±1.98) vs (18.90 ±1.84)], prevention of complications [(19.81 ±1.53) vs (18.68 ±1.32)], emergency medical procedure [(14.13 ±1.71) vs (14.90 ±1.68)], and total score [(76.18 ±3.73) vs (74.0 ±3.16)](t =-3.42, -3.41, 2.10,-4.33, 2.44, -3.46; P<0.05).Scores of self-management of patients in observation group , including regular dialysis [(11.47 ±1.53) vs (10.88 ±1.64)], sensible diet [(13.73 ±1.93) vs (12.95 ±1.92)], compliance [(11.33 ±1.59) vs (10.50 ±1.63)], appropriate physical activity [(11.57 ±1.34) vs (10.80 ±1.57)], nursing of arteriovenous fistula [(18.88 ±1.74) vs (17.53 ±1.91)], and total score [(69.35 ±4.12) vs (64.83 ±4.39)] were also significantly higher than that in control group (t=-2.01, -2.23, -2.83, -2.87, -4.03, -5.80; P <0.05).Conclusions Application of solution-focused approach can improve the self-management ability and treatments compliance of maintenance homodialysis patients, as well as their nursing efficiency .