With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. It has a high prevalence and poor prognosis. The application of antiarrhythmic drugs and even surgery cannot completely treat the disease, and there are many sequelae. AF can be classified into the category of "palpitation" in Chinese medicine according to its symptoms. Acupuncture has a significant effect on AF. The authors find that an important mechanism of acupuncture in AF treatment is to regulate the cardiac vagus nerve. Therefore, this article intends to review the distribution and function of vagus nerve in the heart, the application and the regulatroy effect for the treatment of AF.
Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Vagus Nerve/physiology* ; Animals

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

The chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extract derived from the 90% ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber were investigated. By silica gel column chromatography, C_(18), MCI column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography, ten compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as 3β-hydroxy-6β,7β-epoxytaraxeran-14-ene(1), 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(2), D-friedoolean-14-ene-3β,7α-diol(3), 3β-hydroxy-11α-methoxyolean-12-ene(4), 3β-hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-diene(5), 11α-hydroxy-β-amyrin(6), betulinic acid(7), 3β-hydroxy-30-norlupan-20-one(8), 6-acetonylchelerythrine(9), and 4',5'-dehydrodiodictyonema A(10) by analysis of the 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS, and IR spectral data. Among them, compound 1 was a new triterpene and other compounds except compounds 2 and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children with newly diagnosed HL from January 2011 to December 2023 at four hospitals: Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Zhangzhou Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Children's Hospital. Patients were categorized into low-risk (R1), intermediate-risk (R2), and high-risk (R3) groups based on HL staging and pre-treatment risk factors. The patients received ABVD regimen or Chinese Pediatric HL-2013 regimen chemotherapy. Early treatment response and long-term efficacy were assessed, and prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The overall complete response (CR) rates after 2 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy were 42% and 68%, respectively. Compared with the ABVD regimen group, patients treated with the HL-2013 regimen in the R1 group showed significantly higher CR rates after both 2 and 4 cycles (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in CR rates were observed between the two regimens in the R2 and R3 groups (P>0.05). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate, overall survival rate, and freedom from treatment failure rate were 83%±4%, 97%±2%, and 88%±4%, respectively. Cox analysis indicated that the presence of a large tumor mass at diagnosis and failure to achieve CR after 4 cycles of chemotherapy were independent risk factors for lower EFS rates (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric HL generally has a favorable prognosis. The presence of a large tumor mass at diagnosis and failure to achieve CR after 4 cycles of chemotherapy indicate poor prognosis.
Humans ; Hodgkin Disease/pathology* ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Infant

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of single-balloon and double-balloon enteroscopy in diagnosing pediatric small bowel diseases and assess the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography enterography (CTE) for small bowel diseases using enteroscopy as the reference standard. METHODS: Clinical data from 576 children who underwent enteroscopy at Hunan Children's Hospital between January 2017 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected. The children were categorized based on enteroscopy type into the single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) group (n=457) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) group (n=119), and the clinical data were compared between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of CTE for diagnosing small bowel diseases were evaluated using enteroscopy results as the standard. RESULTS: Among the 576 children, small bowel lesions were detected by enteroscopy in 274 children (47.6%).There was no significant difference in lesion detection rates or complication rates between the SBE and DBE groups (P>0.05), but the DBE group had deeper insertion, longer procedure time, and higher complete small bowel examination rate (P<0.05). The complication rate during enteroscopy was 4.3% (25/576), with 18 cases (3.1%) of mild complications and 7 cases (1.2%) of severe complications, which improved with symptomatic treatment, surgical, or endoscopic intervention. Among the 412 children who underwent CTE, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing small bowel diseases were 44.4% and 71.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SBE and DBE have similar diagnostic efficacy for pediatric small bowel diseases, but DBE is preferred for suspected deep small bowel lesions and comprehensive small bowel examination. Enteroscopy in children demonstrates relatively good overall safety. CTE demonstrates relatively low sensitivity but comparatively high specificity for diagnosing small bowel diseases.
Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy/statistics & numerical data* ; Single-Balloon Enteroscopy/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Operative Time ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Intestine, Small/surgery* ; Intestinal Diseases/surgery*

Objective:To identify core genes with co-expression trends in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and lateral habenula (LHb) through miRNA sequencing, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progress of sleep disturbances in depression.Methods:A rat model of depression with sleep disturbances was established. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, sucrose water consumption test, and open field test. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SCN and LHb of model rats were analyzed using biological replicates with the limma package and DESeq2 software. Gene ontology (GO), KEGG, Reactome pathway-gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on the DEGs.Co-expression networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using R and Cytoscape software for further screening of genes with potential regulatory roles.Results:After modeling, the sleep latency in the model group ((679.88±350.05) s) was longer than that in the normal group ((316.25±87.35) s) ( t=-2.851, P=0.022), while the sleep duration in the model group ((33.13±8.41) min) was shorter than that in the normal group ((69.72±25.11) min) ( t=3.907, P=0.004). Additionally, the model group exhibited lower sucrose water consumption, horizontal movement counts, and vertical movement counts compared to the normal group (all P<0.05). Differential expression gene analysis showed, in the SCN, 379 genes were upregulated and 132 genes were downregulated, with the top five most significantly differentially expressed genes being Sec61g, Cox6b1, Ephx2, Thrsp, and Pak2. In the LHb, 1 657 genes were upregulated and 1 737 were downregulated, with the top five most significantly differentially expressed genes being Mrpl32, Mrpl20, Mrpl27, Celsr2, and Uba52. Biological pathways enriched in the SCN were mainly associated with the positive regulation of responses to external and biological stimuli. In contrast, pathways enriched in the LHb were related to neurotransmitter level regulation, developmental growth, neurotransmitter transport, and processes such as learning and memory. Co-expression network analysis identified 864 interactions involving 100 nodes in the SCN and 524 interactions involving 99 nodes in the LHb. Conclusion:The biological functions and signaling pathways of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and lateral habenula are different in the occurrence and development of depression with sleep disturbance, and the significantly differentially expressed genes may play an important role.

The plants of the genus Caragana Fabr. are desert plants of the Leguminosae family, which are widely used in traditional ethnomedicine, with the effects of nourishing Yin and nourishing blood, dispelling wind and removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins. The anti-inflammatory effect of Caragana Fabr. has attracted much attention, the research on the related mechanism has made some progress, but it lacks systematic collation. By summarising the anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients of Caragana Fabr., the authors found that they have good anti-inflammatory activities on different inflammatory cell models in vitro, and have good improvement effects on rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, complex nephritis, and acute lung injury and other disease models. The anti-inflammatory effects of the active components of this genus mainly include the reduction of the levels of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, and the signalling pathways involved mainly include TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/MAPK, TLR4/NF-κB/IRF3, JAK/STAT-1, ERK/STAT-1 and so on. Therefore, the paper mainly reviews the research progress on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the Caragana Fabr. plants and their active components according to disease types, with a view to providing reference for the in-depth study of their anti-inflammatory activities and the development of new products with related functions.

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of dioscin(DIO)on hippocampal neurons(HT22)after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygen-ation(OGD/R)and its possible mechanism.Methods HT22 cells were treated with 0,2.5,5,10,20,40,80,160,and 320 mg·L-1DIO for 24 h,and the cell proliferation rate was detected by CCK-8 method.The concentration that was non-toxic to HT 2 2 cells was se-lected for subsequent experiments.After OGD for 2 h,HT22 cells were randomly divided into the OGD/R group,1.25,2.5,and 5 mg·L-1DIO group,and posi-tive control group.HT22 cells were taken as the con-trol group.After drug intervention for 24 h,the cell proliferation rate was detected by CCK-8 method;the LDH release was detected by colorimetry;the cell ap-optosis rate was detected by TUNEL method;the ex-pression of proteins related to PARP-1/AIF pathway and caspase pathway was detected by Western blot.Results DIO intervention significantly upregulated the expression of AIF protein in mitochondria and PAR protein in nucleus of HT22 cells after OGD/R,and sig-nificantly downregulated the release of LDH,neuronal apoptosis rate,total protein expression of AIF and PAR,PARP-1,AIF in nucleus and protein expression of PAR protein in mitochondria,while the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins was not significantly differ-ent from that in the OGD/R group.Conclusion DIO can alleviate the apoptosis of HT22 cells induced by OGD/R by regulating the expression and translocation of proteins related to the PARP-1/AIF pathway,thus playing a neuroprotective role.

Objective:To identify core genes with co-expression trends in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and lateral habenula (LHb) through miRNA sequencing, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progress of sleep disturbances in depression.Methods:A rat model of depression with sleep disturbances was established. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, sucrose water consumption test, and open field test. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SCN and LHb of model rats were analyzed using biological replicates with the limma package and DESeq2 software. Gene ontology (GO), KEGG, Reactome pathway-gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on the DEGs.Co-expression networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using R and Cytoscape software for further screening of genes with potential regulatory roles.Results:After modeling, the sleep latency in the model group ((679.88±350.05) s) was longer than that in the normal group ((316.25±87.35) s) ( t=-2.851, P=0.022), while the sleep duration in the model group ((33.13±8.41) min) was shorter than that in the normal group ((69.72±25.11) min) ( t=3.907, P=0.004). Additionally, the model group exhibited lower sucrose water consumption, horizontal movement counts, and vertical movement counts compared to the normal group (all P<0.05). Differential expression gene analysis showed, in the SCN, 379 genes were upregulated and 132 genes were downregulated, with the top five most significantly differentially expressed genes being Sec61g, Cox6b1, Ephx2, Thrsp, and Pak2. In the LHb, 1 657 genes were upregulated and 1 737 were downregulated, with the top five most significantly differentially expressed genes being Mrpl32, Mrpl20, Mrpl27, Celsr2, and Uba52. Biological pathways enriched in the SCN were mainly associated with the positive regulation of responses to external and biological stimuli. In contrast, pathways enriched in the LHb were related to neurotransmitter level regulation, developmental growth, neurotransmitter transport, and processes such as learning and memory. Co-expression network analysis identified 864 interactions involving 100 nodes in the SCN and 524 interactions involving 99 nodes in the LHb. Conclusion:The biological functions and signaling pathways of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and lateral habenula are different in the occurrence and development of depression with sleep disturbance, and the significantly differentially expressed genes may play an important role.