Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

OBJECTIVE: The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory. We analyzed the combined effects of PM _2.5 and smoking on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in an elderly community-dwelling Chinese population. METHODS: We assessed 24,117 individuals along with the annual average PM _2.5 concentrations from 2012 to 2016. Dementia was confirmed in the baseline survey at a qualified clinical facility, and newly suspected dementia was assessed in 2017, after excluding cases of suspected dementia in 2015. National census data were used to weight the sample data to reflect the entire population in China, with multiple logistic regression performed to analyze the combined effects of PM _2.5 and smoking frequency on dementia and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Individuals exposed to the highest PM _2.5 concentration and smoked daily were at higher risk of dementia than those in the lowest PM _2.5 concentration group ( OR, 1.603; 95% CI [1.626-1.635], P < 0.0001) and in the nonsmoking group ( OR, 1.248; 95% CI [1.244-1.252]; P < 0.0001). Moderate PM _2.5 exposure and occasional smoking together increased the short-term risk of cognitive impairment. High-level PM _2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia, so more efforts are needed to reduce this risk through environmental protection and antismoking campaigns. CONCLUSION High-level PM _2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia. Lowering the ambient PM _2.5, and smoking cessation are recommended to promote health.
Humans ; Dementia/etiology* ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Conventional X-ray coronary angiography using iodinated contrast media is the gold standard technique for diagnosing coronary artery disease and determining treatment strategies,including percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).However,severe allergy to iodinated contrast agents and renal insufficiency,as well as severely hyperthyroid patients,limit the use of iodinated contrast agents,especially in the face of acute coronary syndromes requiring emergency PCI.Gadolinium-based contrast agent is mainly developed for use in magnetic resonance imaging examinations,and there are few studies on whether it can be used for coronary angiography.We report a case of a patient who had a severe allergic reaction to an iodine contrast agent,and ultimately had a successful complex coronary intervention guided by the application of Gadolinium-based contrast agent combined with intravascular ultrasound.This case and a review of the relevant literature provide new ideas for coronary artery examination and treatment in patients with contraindications to iodine.

Aim To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from bone marrod-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)on dexamethasone-induced C2C12 muscular canal atrophy.Methods(1)C57BL/6J mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isola-ted and cultured by whole bone marrow adhesion meth-od.(2)Extraction and identification of BMSCs EXOs were performed.(3)Myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells was carried out.(4)The successfully differentia-ted myotubes were divided into the control group(cul-tured in 2％equine serum medium for 48 h),dexam-ethasone group(dexamethasone,DEX,10 μmol·L-1 concentration of DEX interfered with myotubes for 48 h),and exosomes group(exosomes,EXOs,interfered with myotubes for 48 h),exosome inhibitor group(exo-somes extracted from BMSCs after 10 μm GW4869 in-tervention,interfered with myotubes for 48 h).48 h later,the morphology and diameter of muscle tubes were observed and measured by microscope.Cell via-bility of each group was detected by CCK-8 method.The expression levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1,myo-genic differentiation antigen(MYOD)in each group were detected by Western blot.Results BMSCs were long spusiform,and BMSCS-EXOS showed a circular bilayer structure under transmission electron microsco-py,with a diameter of about 200 nm.CD9,CD63 and CD81 were highly expressed.Compared with the con-trol group,cell activity in DEX group decreased(P＜0.01),diameter of myotubes decreased(P＜0.01),expressions of atrogin-1(P＜0.05)and MuRF-1(P＜0.01)were significantly up-regulated,and expression of MYOD(P＜0.01)was significantly down-regula-ted.Compared with the DEX group,cell activity in the BMSCs-EXOs group increased(P＜0.01),diameter of myotubes increased(P＜0.01),expressions of atrogin-1(P＜0.05)and MuRF-1(P＜0.01)were signifi-cantly down-regulated,and expression of MYOD(P＜0.01)was up-regulated.Compared with the BMSCs-EXOs group,cell activity of the BMSCs-EXOs(GW4869)group decreased(P＜0.05),diameter of myotubes decreased(P＜0.01),expressions of atrog-in-1(P＜0.05)and MuRF-1(P＜0.05)were up-regulated,and expression of MYOD(P＜0.01)was down-regulated.Conclusion Bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cell-derived exosomes(BM-MSCs-EXOs)inhibit dexamethasone-induced C2C12 muscle tube at-rophy.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with half-dose recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)who are expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes.Methods From October 2021 to August 2022,a total of 200 STEMI patients in eight centers were included and randomly assigned in a 1﹕1 ratio to either r-SAK group or control group.Patients received loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either 5 mg r-SAK or normal saline prior to PCI.The outcomes were set as ST-segment resolution(STR)at 60-90 minutes after PCI,the proportion and transition of pathological Q waves on the 5th day after PCI,and the proportion of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)peaking within 12 hours of onset.The safety outcome was major bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)≥type 3 bleeding during hospitalization.Results Compared with the control group,the r-SAK group had a higher proportion of STR≥70%within 60-90 minutes after PCI(58.3%vs.40.3%,P=0.009);a lower proportion of pathological Q waves(59.1%vs.74.1%,P=0.040);a lower rate of Q wave progression(14.8%vs.43.2%,P＜0.001);a higher rate of Q wave disappearance(12.5%vs.3.7%,P=0.027);and a higher proportion of hs-cTnT peaking within 12 hours of symptom onset[31/40(77.5%)vs.17/33(51.5%),P=0.027].Regarding the safety outcome,no significant difference in BARC≥type 3 bleeding was found between the two groups during hospitalization(P＞0.05).Conclusions For STEMI patients who were expected to undergo primary PCI within 120 minutes of symptom onset,the facilitated PCI with half-dose r-SAK significantly increased the proportion of STR≥70%at 60-90 minutes after PCI,reduced the formation of pathological Q waves,and shortened the time to peak hs-cTnT,without increasing the risk of bleeding,which should be an alternative reperfusion strategy worthy of further study.

Objective To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA FGD5-AS1 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of pituitary adenoma(PA)cells,and to analyze its potential mechanism of action.Methods Human PA cell lines HPAs,RC-4BC,HP75,and human astrocyte cell line NHA were cultured in vitro.The expression levels of FGD5-AS1 and miR-15a in the above cell lines were detected by RT-PCR.HP75 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into the silencing group and the negative control group.The silencing group was transfected with shRNA-FGD5-AS1,while the negative control group was transfected with shRNA-NC.The expression levels of FGD5-AS1 and miR-15a in the two groups of cells were detected by RT-PCR.The proliferation,migration and invasion abilities of the two groups of cells were determined by CCK-8 assay,wound healing assay,and Transwell assay.The expression of proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the two groups of cells was detected by Western blot.The targeting relationship between FGD5-AS1 and miR-15a was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.Results Compared with the NHA cell,the expression level of FGD5-AS1 was significantly increased in the HPAs,RC-4BC,and HP75 cells((P<0.05),whereas the expression level of miR-15a was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,the expression level of FGD5-AS1 was decreased(P<0.05),the expression level of miR-15a was increased(P<0.05),the OD value was decreased(P<0.05),the migration and invasion abilities of cells were reduced(P<0.05),and the expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin proteins was decreased in the silencing group of HP75 cells(P<0.05).FGD5-AS1 could specifically bind to miR-15a,leading to a decrease in cell luciferase activity(P<0.05).Conclusion FGD5-AS1 is overexpressed in PA cells,and silencing FGD5-AS1 can inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of PA cells,and the mechanism is related to its targeted regulation of miR-15a.

A primary hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is excess protein synthesis due to enhanced translational activity. However, regulatory mechanisms at the translational level under cardiac stress remain poorly understood. Here we examined the translational regulations in a mouse cardiac hypertrophy model induced by transaortic constriction (TAC) and explored the conservative networks versus the translatome pattern in human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The results showed that the heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly elevated, and the ejection fraction and fractional shortening significantly decreased 8 weeks after TAC. Puromycin incorporation assay showed that TAC significantly increased protein synthesis rate in the left ventricle. RNA-seq revealed 1,632 differentially expressed genes showing functional enrichment in pathways including extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic processes, and signaling cascades associated with pathological cardiomyocyte growth. When combined with ribosome profiling analysis, we revealed that translation efficiency (TE) of 1,495 genes was enhanced, while the TE of 933 genes was inhibited following TAC. In DCM patients, 1,354 genes were upregulated versus 1,213 genes were downregulated at the translation level. Although the majority of the genes were not shared between mouse and human, we identified 93 genes, including Nos3, Kcnj8, Adcy4, Itpr1, Fasn, Scd1, etc., with highly conserved translational regulations. These genes were remarkably associated with myocardial function, signal transduction, and energy metabolism, particularly related to cGMP-PKG signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Motif analysis revealed enriched regulatory elements in the 5' untranslated regions (5'UTRs) of transcripts with differential TE, which exhibited strong cross-species sequence conservation. Our study revealed novel regulatory mechanisms at the translational level in cardiac hypertrophy and identified conserved translation-sensitive targets with potential applications to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the clinic.
Animals ; Humans ; Cardiomegaly/physiopathology* ; Ribosomes/physiology* ; Protein Biosynthesis/physiology* ; Mice ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics* ; Ribosome Profiling