Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

AIM To prepare the oral lyophilized tablets of gastrodin-coated micropowder.METHODS Fluidized bed bottom spray method was adopted in the preparation of coated micropowder,after which the oral lyophilized tablets were further prepared.With mannitol consumption,pullulan consumption and xanthan gum consumption as influencing factors,comprehensive score for appearance traits,moisture,disintegration time and the sedimentation volume ratio as an evaluation index,the formulation was optimized by Box-Behnken method,then the taste-masking effect,appearance traits,moisture,disintegration time,content uniformity and dissolution rate were investigated.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 44.20 mg/tablet for mannitol consumption,3.70 mg/tablet for pullulan consumption,1.30 mg/tablet for xanthan gum consumption,66.67 mg/tablet for coated micropowder,and 1.5 mg/tablet for sucralose micropowder,the comprehensive score was 17.43.The obtained oral lyophilized tablets demonstrated good taste-masking effect,appearance traits and content uniformity with the disintegration time of 3-5 s,whose dissolution rates were less than 5％within 3 min in the simulated oral environment(phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.8)and more than 85％within 15 min in the simulated gastric environment(hydrochloric acid solution at pH 1.2).CONCLUSION The oral lyophilized tablets of gastrodin-coated micropowder display good taste,ease of swallowing and simple and feasible preparation process,which can provide a new idea for the taste improvement of other oral lyophilized tablets and unpleasant-smelling raw medicines.

Objective To verify the efficacy of a domestic human DNA quantification kit based on real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in detecting the total human DNA concentration,male DNA concen-tration in mixed male/female DNA samples,the degree of DNA degradation and inhibitor tolerance.Methods Samples with different concentrations,different male/female ratios,different concentrations of inhibitors,and different degradation degrees were tested using the domestic human DNA quantification kit based on real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.This kit was compared with a similar product on the market and was applied to the detection of DNA from real cases.Results This human DNA quan-tification kit can effectively detect human DNA as low as 0.001 65 ng/μL,and 6.25 pg/μL of male DNA in mixed samples with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶15 000.Even when the sample contains as high as 400 ng/μL of humic acid or 1 000 μmol/L of hemin alone,the DNA concentration can still be accurately detected.The degradation index can effectively characterize the degradation degree of the sample.This kit has been successfully applied in forensic practice.Conclusion This human DNA quan-tification kit is accurate and reliable in detection.It can accurately reflect the degradation of DNA and inhibitor tolerance.It has good performance in quantitative accuracy,determination of the male/female ratio in mixed samples,and inhibitor tolerance.It has application potential in forensic case examination.

Objective:To identify risk factors for mortality in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension compli-cated by esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EVB)after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS),and to estab-lish a prediction model.Methods:Clinical data of 80 patients who underwent TIPS from March 2022 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on 28-day outcomes,patients were divided into survival(n=65)and death(n=15)groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors,and the model's calibration and discrimination were assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve.Results:Inde-pendent risk factors for death included Child-pugh score(OR=2.653),MELD score(OR=1.924),bleeding volume(OR=1.754),portal vein thrombosis(OR=3.247),and hepatic encephalopathy(OR=2.834).The model demonstrated good cali-bration(Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=7.142,P=0.521)and discrimination,with an AUC of 0.873(95%CI:0.773-0.939),sensi-tivity of 83.3%,and specificity of 87.7%.Conclusion:Child-pugh score,MELD score,bleeding volume,portal vein thrombosis,and hepatic encephalopathy are independent predictors of post-TIPS mortality in cirrhotic patients with EVB.Emergency TIPS carries higher mortality risk than elective TIPS.The proposed model shows strong predictive perfor-mance and may aid in individualized prognosis assessment and therapeutic decision-making.

AIM To prepare the oral lyophilized tablets of gastrodin-coated micropowder.METHODS Fluidized bed bottom spray method was adopted in the preparation of coated micropowder,after which the oral lyophilized tablets were further prepared.With mannitol consumption,pullulan consumption and xanthan gum consumption as influencing factors,comprehensive score for appearance traits,moisture,disintegration time and the sedimentation volume ratio as an evaluation index,the formulation was optimized by Box-Behnken method,then the taste-masking effect,appearance traits,moisture,disintegration time,content uniformity and dissolution rate were investigated.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 44.20 mg/tablet for mannitol consumption,3.70 mg/tablet for pullulan consumption,1.30 mg/tablet for xanthan gum consumption,66.67 mg/tablet for coated micropowder,and 1.5 mg/tablet for sucralose micropowder,the comprehensive score was 17.43.The obtained oral lyophilized tablets demonstrated good taste-masking effect,appearance traits and content uniformity with the disintegration time of 3-5 s,whose dissolution rates were less than 5％within 3 min in the simulated oral environment(phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.8)and more than 85％within 15 min in the simulated gastric environment(hydrochloric acid solution at pH 1.2).CONCLUSION The oral lyophilized tablets of gastrodin-coated micropowder display good taste,ease of swallowing and simple and feasible preparation process,which can provide a new idea for the taste improvement of other oral lyophilized tablets and unpleasant-smelling raw medicines.

Ergonomic Principle for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 1: General Principles (T/WSJD 14.1-2020) is the first guideline standard for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders provided to employers and occupational health technical service institutions in China, which covers ergonomic risk factors and their hazard definition, ergonomic prevention principles, risk assessment process, risk control process and risk evaluation principles. The standard specifically clarify the specific types of adverse ergonomic risk factors and control strategies and the standard process of systematic ergonomic risk assessment, providing implementation paths and practical guidance for eliminating/reducing adverse ergonomic risks and enhance workplace environments to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This paper interprets and analyzes the background of standard establishment, formulation process, fundamental basis, and main content, etc., to provide scientific and accurate technical support for enterprise managers, labours and technical personnel of occupational health institutions to optimize the use of this standard.

Objective:To explore the structural relationship between WMSDs in the upper limbs and various risk factors in the occupational population in China, based on a large sample epidemiological survey and structural equation analysis, and to establish a structural equation model, so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of such diseases.Methods:The Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Electronic Questionnaire was used to conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence of WMSDs in the upper extremity. Six factors related to WMSDs in the upper extremity were extracted by the classification standard of adverse ergonomic factors and their source and confirmatory factor analysis, including work organization, work type, upper extremity work posture, individual factors, upper extremity fatigue and upper extremity WMSDs. The structural equation analysis was carried out and the structural equation model was established.Results:The incidence of WMSDs and fatigue in the upper limbs was 24.44% and 43.76%, respectively. The adjusted structural equation model fitting indicators were generally up to the standard (GFI=1.000, AGFI=1.000, RMSEA=0.043, NFI=0.808, TLI=0.784) . The four exogenous latent variables of work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and individual factors were correlated. There was a strong positive correlation between job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.865) , a moderate positive correlation between work organization and job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.570, 0.490) , and a weak negative correlation between individual factors and the other three exogenous latent variables. Upper limb work posture and individual factors had direct effects on upper limb WMSDs, and the effect coefficients were 0.10 and 0.06, respectively. Upper limb fatigue played a mediating role between work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and upper limb WMSDs. The effect coefficient was 0.46, and the composition ratios of indirect effects were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 38.3%, respectively. The direct path effect of upper limb work posture, individual factors and upper limb WMSDs was weaker than the mediating path through upper limb fatigue. Conclusion:When carrying out the prevention and control of upper limbWMSDs, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the pathogenesis path of upper limb muscle fatigue and upper limb WMSDs caused by work organization, work type, and upper limb work posture, so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the prevention and control level of such diseases.

Objective:To investigate the effects of the expanded lateral thoracic artery perforator flap in the reconstruction of breast scar contracture deformity after burns in minor females.Methods:The study was a retrospective observational study. From July 2018 to October 2023, 8 female children aged 4 to 12 years and with breast scar contracture deformity after burns, who met the inclusion criteria, were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University. The skin and soft tissue expander (hereinafter referred to as expander) was placed in the first stage. The contracture scar was removed and released in the second stage, and the wound formed after the scar was removed measured between 9 cm×8 cm and 15 cm×10 cm. The expanded lateral thoracic artery perforator flap was designed and transferred to repair the wound with resected flap area of 10 cm×9 cm to 16 cm×11 cm, and the wound at the flap donor area was directly sutured. The complications such as incision infection, hematoma, and expander exposure were observed after stage Ⅰ surgery. After stage Ⅱ surgery, the survival of the flap and the wound healing at the flap donor area were observed. During the 1-year follow-up after the stage Ⅱ surgery, the breast development was evaluated according to tanner staging performance of female pubertal breast development, the aesthetic effect of the affected breast was evaluated by using the aesthetic effect evaluation standard after breast surgery, the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to score the scar condition at the flap donor and recipient areas, and the satisfaction of the children's families with the surgical outcomes was investigated by using a self-made scale.Results:After stage Ⅰ surgery, no incision infection, hematoma, expander exposure, or other complications occurred in 8 children. After stage Ⅱ surgery, only one child had tissue necrosis at the distal end of the flap with a size of about 2 cm×1 cm, which healed after dressing change, and the flap in other children had good blood supply, soft texture, moderate thickness, and similar color to the skin at the recipient area. The wounds at all flap donor areas healed well. During the 1-year follow-up after stage Ⅱ surgery, 7 children had normal breast development, with their breast volume, height, and shape being almost the same as or similar to the healthy side, with the aesthetic effect of all being grade Ⅰ; the breast in one child had not yet developed, and these indicators were not evaluated. The locations of nipple areola complex in 8 children were almost the same as or similar to those in the healthy side, and their skin color, integrity, texture, and elasticity of the partial breast repaired by the transferred flap were similar to those in the healthy side, with the aesthetic effect of all being grade Ⅰ. The shapes of nipple and areola in 5 children were inconsistent with those in the healthy side because of the original scar, with the aesthetic effect of all being grade Ⅱ, and the shapes of nipple and areola in the other 3 children were consistent with those in the healthy side, with the aesthetic effect of all being grade Ⅰ. The VSS score of the scar at the flap recipient area was 2-5, and the VSS score of the scar at the flap donor area was 1-3. Seven children's families were satisfied with the surgical effect, and one child's family was basically satisfied with the surgical effect.Conclusions:For the breast scar contracture deformity of minor females after burns, the expanded lateral thoracic artery perforator flap is used for reconstruction before puberty, which results in fewer postoperative complications, good breast shape, and hidden scar at the flap donor area. It is beneficial for the normal development of adolescent breasts, and is one of the safe and effective methods for the treatment of breast scar contracture deformity in minor females after burns.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.