Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Based on the previously identified potent XO inhibitor 1, seventeen oxadiazoles and their ring-opening analogues were designed and synthesized via the bioisostere replacement strategy. Among them, compounds 2l, 2n, and 3b showed obvious XO inhibitory activity at the concentration of 10 μmol·L^-1, and compound 3b exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 1.45 μmol·L^-1.

Objective To study the application value of different transbronchial biopsies in the diagnosis of central lung cancer in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 97 elderly patients with central lung cancer diagnosed by pathology from June 2020 to June 2023 in the 923rd Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different initial transbronchial biopsy methods,the patients were divided into the endobronchial biopsy(EBB)group(n=51)and the conventional transbronchial needle aspiration(cTBNA)group(n=46).The histopathological results were statistically analyzed,and the first biopsy positive rates of EBB and cTBNA in the diagnosis of senile central lung cancer were calculated and compared.At the same time,the differences of biopsy tolerance and complications between the two groups were evaluated.Results The squamous cell carcinoma proportions in both groups were over 50%.There was no significant difference in the first biopsy positive rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of temporary retreat of the scope due to subjective tolerance in the EBB group was higher than that in the cTBNA group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications of different grades between the two groups(P<0.001).Among them,the incidence of grade 2 and above complications during surgery in the EBB group was significantly higher than that in the cTBNA group(P<0.001).Conclusion For elderly patients with central lung cancer,the success rate of the first biopsy of EBB and cTBNA is roughly equivalent,but the incidence of postoperative complications of the latter is significantly lower than that of the former.cTBNA can be used as the first biopsy method for this population.

Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; China

Objective: To investigate the molecular characteristics of ciprofloxacin-cefotaxime-azithromycin co-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson (S. Thompson) isolates from sporadic cases of foodborne diseases and aquatic foods in Hunan province. Methods: Ciprofloxacin-cefotaxime-azithromycin co-resistant S. Thompson isolates were selected from samples, and broth microdilution method was used to determine the resistance to 11 antibiotics of these isolates in vitro. Whole genome sequencing was used for investigating antimicrobial resistance gene patterns and phylogenetic relationships of strains. Results: Nine ciprofloxacin-cefotaxime-azithromycin co-resistant isolates were recovered from 19 S. Thompson isolates. Among nine ciprofloxacin-cefotaxime-azithromycin co-resistant isolates, eight of them harbored IncC plasmids, simultaneously carrying plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qepA and qnrS1, β-lactamase resistance gene bla_CMY-2, azithromycin resistance gene mph(A), and one isolate harbored IncR plasmid, and carried PMQR genes qnrB4 and aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla_OXA-10 and mph(A). Genetic environment analysis showed that qnrS1, qepA, mph(A) and bla_CMY-2 genes might be integrated on genomes of strains by ISKra4, IS91, IS6100 and ISEcp1, respectively. Phylogenetic core genome comparisons demonstrated that ciprofloxacin-cefotaxime-azithromycin co-resistant isolates from patients and aquatic foods were genetically similar and clustered together. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin-cefotaxime-azithromycin co-resistant S. Thompson isolates have been isolated from both human and aquatic food samples, suggesting that the spread of multidrug resistant Salmonella between human and aquatic animals.
Animals ; Humans ; Ciprofloxacin ; Cefotaxime ; Azithromycin ; Serogroup ; Phylogeny ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Salmonella ; Quinolones ; Foodborne Diseases ; Plasmids ; Salmonella enterica ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis oil (SCEO) against aristolochic acid I (AA I)-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to a random number table, including control group, AA I group, and AA I +SCEO (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) groups (n=5 per group). Pretreatment with SCEO was done for 2 days by oral administration, while the control and AA I groups were treated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Mice of all groups except for the control group were injected intraperitoneally with AA I (5 mg/kg) from day 3 until day 7. Histopathological examination and apoptosis of kidney tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr), as well as renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A2, and nad(p)hquinonedehydrogenase1 (NQO1) were analyzed using ELISA, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. In vitro, SCEO (40 µ g/mL) was added 12 h before treatment with AA I (40 µ mol/mL for 48 h) in human renal proximal tubule cell line (HK-2), then apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: SCEO 0.5 and 1 g/kg ameliorated histopathological changes and TUNEL⁺ staining in the kidney tissues of mice with AA I-induced nephrotoxicity, and reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, BUN and SCr (P<0.01 or P<0.05). SCEO 0.5 and 1 g/kg alleviated the ROS generation in kidney, containing MDA, GSH and SOD (P<0.01 or P<0.05). SCEO 1 g/kg increased the expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and decreased NQO1 level in the liver tissues (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Besides, in vitro studies also demonstrated that SCEO 40 µ g/mL inhibited apoptosis and ROS generation (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS SCEO can alleviate AA I-induced kidney damage both in vivo and in vitro. The protective mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of metabolic enzymes, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and ROS production.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aristolochic Acids/toxicity* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism* ; Glutathione/metabolism* ; Kidney/drug effects* ; Kidney Diseases/drug therapy* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxidative Stress ; Plant Oils/therapeutic use* ; Protective Agents/therapeutic use* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Schisandra ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

In this paper， the name， origin， medicinal properties， specifications， clinical efficacy， producing area， quality evaluation and processing methods of Forsythiae Fructus in the famous classical formulas are researched by consulting related herbal literature， medical books and prescription books. The results showed that Forsythiae Fructus was sourced from Hypericum ascyron and its genus plants before Song dynasty， and it is used as medicine in many parts. After Song dynasty， Forsythiae Fructus is sourced from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. Since the Ming dynasty， Forsythiae Fructus is divided into Qingqiao and Laoqiao according to different harvesting time. According to the research results， it is suggested to refer to the following suggestions for the application of Forsythiae Fructus in the development of famous classical formulas：①F. suspensa should be chosen as the origin since the Ming and Qing dynasties. ②If there is no special requirement for the source of prescriptions， it is recommended that Laoqiao be used in famous classical formulas since the Ming and Qing dynasties. ③The harvest time of Qingqiao should be from July 15^th to August 15^th， and Laoqiao should be in September， and it should be the husk after the seeds have been removed.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution and trend of infantile epilepsy among infants under 36 months in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. METHODS: Using the birth cohort design, we retrospectively collected the local born infants in Ningbo national health information platform from 2015 to 2019, and took the first visit of epilepsy in the electronic medical record of the platform as the new case. The incidence density and 95% confidence interval (CI) of epilepsy were estimated by Poisson distribution. RESULTS: From 2015 to 2019, a total of 294 900 children were born in Ningbo, with male accounting for 51.92%. The total person-years of observation were 595 300, while the median follow-up person-years was 2.31 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.90]. There were 575 new onset epilepsy patients during the whole observation period. The total number of visits was 2 599, with an average of 4.52. The total incidence density was 96.59/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 88.85-104.82). The median age of onset was 13 months (IQR: 15), 0-12 months old infants had the highest incidence density (102.18/100 000 person-years), 25-36 months old infants had the lowest incidence density (89.68/100 000 person-years), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence density of male was 97.58/100 000 person-years, female was 95.53/100 000 person-years, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Fenghua was the highest (130.54/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 94.47-175.83) and Ninghai was the lowest (66.44/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 47.02-91. 19), with significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence density in different birth years (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the incidence density between 0-12 months old infants in different calendar years (P_trend < 0.05). In this age group, the incidence density was the lowest in 2015 (69.41/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 41.79-108.39), and the highest in 2019 (225.61/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 186.10-271.03). There was no significant difference in the incidence density between 13-24 and 25-36 months old infants in different calendar years (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence density of epilepsy in 0-36 months old infants in Ningbo City from 2015 to 2019 was low as a whole, and there was no difference in age group, gender, and year of birth. The incidence density of 0-12 months old infants increased with the year.
Child, Preschool ; Cities ; Epilepsy/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Our goal was to establish two new predictive models of prostate cancer to determine whether to require a prostate biopsy when the prostate-specific antigen level is in the diagnostic gray zone. A retrospective analysis of 197 patients undergoing prostate biopsy with prostate-specific antigens between 4 and 10 ng ml^-1 was conducted. Of these, 47 patients were confirmed to have cancer, while the remaining 150 patients were diagnosed with benign prostate disease after examining biopsy pathology. Two multivariate logistic regression models were established including age, prostate volumes, free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio, and prostate-specific antigen density using SPSS 19.0 to obtain the predicted probability and Logit P, and then, two receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to obtain the best cutoff value for prostate biopsy: one for the group of all the prostate cancers and one for the group of clinically significant prostate cancers. The best cutoff value for prostate biopsy was 0.25 from the multivariate logistic regression ROC curve model of all the prostate cancers, which gave a sensitivity of 75.4% and a specificity of 75.8%. The best cutoff value for prostate biopsy was 0.20 from the multivariate logistic regression model of clinically significant prostate cancers, which gave a sensitivity of 76.7% and a specificity of 80.1%. We identified the best cutoff values for prostate biopsy (0.25 for all prostate cancers and 0.20 for clinically significant prostate cancers) to determine whether to require prostate biopsy when the PSA level is in the diagnostic gray zone.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostate/pathology* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Xiyanping Injection is a commonly used medicine in clinical treatment,which is recommended by many pediatric disease guidelines/consensus. However,the instraction is relatively simple and lack of guidance for clinical application,which affects the efficacy and brings safety risks. Therefore,more detailed clinical guidance is urgently needed. This consensus is formulated by clinical experts of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in pediatrics. This consensus follows Manual for the clinical experts consensus of Chinese patent medicine which published by China Association of Chinese Medicine. The study identified clinical problems using clinical investigation,searched the literature based on PICO clinical problems,using GRADE system to carry out evidences evaluation,classification and recommendation,and adopted the nominal grouping method to reach expert consensus. The consensus combines evidence-based evidence with expert experience,sufficient evidence of clinical problems would lead to " recommendations",and clinical problems with insufficient evidence will lead to " consensus suggestions". This expert consensus recommends the indications,intervention time for treatment,route of drug administration,dose conversion,the indications of being used alone,suitability and taboos of medicine combination,and introduces the safety and clinical application,to provide reference for clinical using.
Child ; China ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Pediatrics

On December 14, 2017, a faculty member of a university in Hunan Province reported that an anthrax vaccine strain might have recovered virulence during an undergraduate experiment and potential exposure could not be ruled out for the students involved. Upon receiving the case report, the CDC, health bureaus, and local governments at the county, prefectural, and provincial levels promptly organized experts in different fields (including epidemiologists, biosafety experts, and laboratory testing experts) for case investigation, evaluation, and response. As the investigation results showed, no virulence recovery was identified in the involved anthrax vaccine strain; and no contamination of Bacillus anthracis was detected at the involved areas. Thus, the university returned to normal functioning.
Anthrax Vaccines ; analysis ; Bacillus anthracis ; pathogenicity ; China ; Containment of Biohazards ; Humans ; Laboratories ; statistics & numerical data ; Virulence