Chinese medicine prescriptions are a type of medical documents written by doctors after they understand the patients' conditions for syndrome differentiation. Chinese medicine prescriptions are also the basis for pharmacy personnel to dispense medicines and guide patients to use drugs. It has the legal, technical and economic significances. Chinese medicine prescriptions contain such information of names, quantity and usage. Whether the names of drugs in Chinese medicine prescriptions are standardized or not is directly related to the safety and efficacy of the drugs. At present, nonstandard clinical prescriptions are frequently seen. With "Chinese medicine prescription", "names of drug in Chinese medicine prescription" and "standards of Chinese medicine prescription" as key words, the author searched CNKI, Wanfang and other databases, and consulted nearly 100 literatures, so as to summarize current names of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine prescription, analyze the reasons, and give suggestions, in the expectation of standardizing the names of drugs used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.

BACKGROUNDNumerous studies have demonstrated that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a higher prevalence of substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity compared with controls. Our aim was to explore the neuroimaging characteristics of transcranial sonography (TCS) of patients with PD and those with PD with dementia (PDD). The correlation between the echogenicity of the SN and clinical symptoms in Chinese patients with PDD was also assessed.

METHODSThe ratios of SN hyperechogenicity (SN+), maximum sizes of SN+, and widths of third ventricle (TV) were measured using TCS for all the recruited patients. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, rank-sum test, Chi-square test, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

RESULTSThe final statistical analysis included 46 PDD patients, 52 PD patients, and 40 controls. There were no significant differences in ratios of SN+ and maximum sizes of SN+ between PDD and PD groups (P > 0.05). TV widths were significantly larger in PDD group (7.1 ± 1.9 mm) than in PD group (6.0 ± 2.0 mm) and controls (5.9 ± 1.5 mm, P < 0.05); however, the ratios of enlarged TV did not differ among the three groups (P = 0.059). When cutoff value was set at 6.8 mm, the TV width had a relatively high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between PDD and PD groups (P = 0.030) and between PDD group and controls (P = 0.003), based on ROC curve analysis. In PDD patients, SN+ was more frequently detected in akinetic-rigid subgroup, and patients with SN+ showed significantly higher Hoehn and Yahr stage and Nonmotor Symptoms Questionnaire scores (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared to Chinese patients with PD, patients with PDD had a wider TV, altered SN sonographic features, and more severe clinical symptoms. Our findings suggest that TCS can be used to assess brain atrophy in PD and may be useful in discriminating between PD with and without dementia.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the degree of fever within 48 hours of admission and the prognosis in children with bacterial bloodstream infection.

METHODSThis study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all patients diagnosed with sepsis who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University between September 2008 and September 2016. The children with bacterial bloodstream infection were classified into 5 groups according to the maximum temperature within 48 hours of admission: <36.5°C group, ≥36.5°C group (normal control), ≥37.5°C group, ≥38.5°C group, and ≥39.5°C group. The mortality was compared between the five groups. Results A total of 213 children with bacterial bloodstream infection were enrolled, consisting of 5 cases in the <36.5°C group, 44 cases in the ≥36.5°C group, 73 cases in the ≥37.5°C group, 69 cases in the ≥38.5°C group, and 22 cases in the ≥39.5°C group. A total of 48 cases died among the 213 patients. A significant difference was observed in the mortality between the five groups (P<0.01). The <36.5°C group and ≥39.5°C group had significantly higher mortality than the normal control group. However, there were no significant differences in the mortality between the ≥37.5°C and ≥38.5°C groups and the normal control group. Conclusions In children with bacterial bloodstream infection, those with a maximum temperature below 36.5°C or above 39.5°C within 48 hours of admission have a significantly increased mortality.

Bacteremia ; mortality ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the blood test patterns for blood donors after nucleic acid detection in blood center.

METHODSThe collected blood samples after voluntary blood donors first were detected by conventional ELISA, then 31981 negative samples were detected via HBV/HCV/HIV combined nucleic acid test of 6 mixed samples(22716 cases) or single samples(9265 cases) by means of Roche cobas s201 instrument. The combined detection method as follows: the blood samples were assayed by conventional nucleic acid test of 6 mixed samples, at same time, 6 mixed samples were treated with polyethylene glycol precipitation method to concentrate the virus, then the nucleic acid test of blood samples was performed; the single detection method as follows: firstly the conventional nucleic acid test of single sample was performed, then the positive reactive samples after re-examination were 6-fold diluted to simulate the nucleic acid test of 6-mixed samples. The positive rate of positive samples detected by combined nucleic acid test, positive samples detected by nucleic acid test of mixed virus concentration and positive samples detected by single nucleic acid test was statistically analyzed. In addition, for HBVpersons the serological test yet should be performed.

RESULTSIn 22 716 samples detected by nucleic acid test of 6 mixed samples (MP-6-NAT) , 9 cases were HBV(0.40‰, 9/22716); at same time, the detection of same samples by nucleic acid test of mixed sample virus concentration showed 29 cases of HBV(1.28‰, 29/22716). In 9265 samples detected by single nucleic acid test(ID-NAT) 12 cases showed HBV(1.30‰, 12/9265), meanwhile the detection of these 12 samples with HBVby 6-fold dilution for virus concentration found only 4 samples with HBV. In serological qualified samples, ID-NAT unqualified rate was 1.28‰, which was higher than that of MP-6-NAT(0.4‰) (χ=8.11, P<0.05); but there was no statistical difference between unqualified rate of ID-NAT and MP-6-NAT(1.3‰ vs 1.28‰)(χ=0.00, P>0.05). In 41 samples with HBsAgHBV DNAdetected by ELISA, 36 samples were confirmed to be occult HBV infective(OBI) by HBsAb, HBcAb test of ELISA; out of these 41 samples, 33 samples showed HBcAb(91.66% of OBI), 5 might be HBV "window period" infective, moreover the HCV RNA and HIV RNA positive samples were not found.

CONCLUSIONTo avoid the missdiagnosis of donors with low level of virus, the nucleic acid test must be carried out after virus concentration of mixed samples when the blood test pattern of donors is nucleic acid test of mixed samples, otherwise the single nucleic acid test must be performed to obtain more high detected rate of virus nucleic acid. The HBcAb serologic test and physical examination of donors before blood donation must be enhanced on basis of serological test of HBsAg; for high risk people, the persuading no blood donation is simplest pattern.

In this experiment, rat nasal mucosa absorption characteristics of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammioside were studied to provide a basis for drug delivery of Toutongning nasal spray. The nasal mucosa absorption test in rats was conducted with in situ nasal perfusion method after pH 6 buffer solution was used to prepare high, medium and low concentrations of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside mixed solution as liquid circulation in nasal cavity. Then the concentrations of the circulating liquid compositions to be measured were determined by HPLC, and the absorption rates of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammioside under different pH conditions were also investigated. According to the results, the absorption rate constant was (0.588±0.041)×10⁻³, (0.547±0.023)×10⁻³, (0.592±0.063)×10⁻³ min⁻¹ for prim-O-glucosylcimifugin high, middle and low concentrations, and (0.438±0.041)×10⁻³, (0.407±0.023)×10⁻³, and (0.412±0.063)×10⁻³ min⁻¹ for 5-O-methylvisammioside high, middle and low concentrations. There was no significant difference among high, middle and low concentration groups, and the absorption under pH 6 was better than that under other pH conditions. Therefore, we can get the conclusion that the main active ingredient of Toutongning nasal sprays can be absorbed through the nasal mucosa, and it is feasible to make nasal spray; in addition, pH 6 of nasal spray is scientific and reasonable.

Adenocarcinoma ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; diagnosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo comprehensively evaluate the health status of 6 volunteers from the Mars 500 Project through analyzing their pulse graphs and determining the changes in cardiovascular function, degree of fatigue and autonomic nervous function.

METHODSSix volunteers were recruited; all were male aged 26-38 years (average 31.83±4.96 years). Characteristic parameters reflflecting the status of cardiovascular functions were extracted, which included left ventricular contraction, vascular elasticity and peripheral resistance. The degree of fatigue was determined depending on the difference between the calendar age and biological age, which was calculated through the analysis of blood pressure value and characteristic parameters. Based on the values of pulse height variation and pulse time variation on a 30-s pulse graph, autonomic nervous function was evaluated. All parameters examined were marked on an equilateral polygon to form an irregular polygon of the actual fifigure, then health status was evaluated based on the coverage area of the actual fifigure.

RESULTSThe results demonstrated: (1) volunteers developed weakened pulse power, increased vascular tension and peripheral resistance, and slight decreased ventricular systolic function; (2) the degree of fatigue was basically mild or moderate; and (3) autonomic nervous function was excited but generally balanced.

CONCLUSIONSThese volunteers were in the state of sub-health. According to Chinese medicine theories, such symptoms are mainly caused by the weakening of healthy qi, Gan (Liver) failing in free coursing, and disharmony between Gan and Wei (Stomach), which manifests as a weak and string-like pulse.

An UPLC method was developed for the studies of fingerprint and quantification of multi-components for Evodiae Fructus. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm) with mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid-acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid-water in gradient mode, and the detection wavelength was set at 320 nm．Dehydroevodiamine was used as the reference peak, there were 24 common peaks in the fingerprint of 29 samples were detected, and among them 10 chromatographic peaks were identified with the reference substance and they were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine. The fingerprint data was evaluated with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (Version 2008A), and the similarity of 19 batches of Evodiae Fructus was greater than 0.9 in the 29 samples. In addition, 9 components including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine were simultaneously determined at the same chromatographic conditions, whose peak area integral values showed good linear relationship at the range of 0.000 46-0.138, 0.000 146-0.175, 0.000 412-0.124, 0.000 448-0.134, 0.000 452-0.136, 0.003 38-0.169, 0.000 44-0.132, 0.001 07-0.128, 0.001 71-0.128, respectively. Their average recoveries were 100.3%, 100.4%, 101.6%, 97.51%, 102.9%, 101.4%, 103.8%, 104.0%, 95.99%, and RSD were 2.4%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 0.80%, 1.9%, 2.1%, 1.1%, 2.2%, 2.4%, respectively. The established UPLC method not only realized the full separation of all chemical constituents of Evodiae Fructus within 20 minutes, but also achieved the chromatographic fingerprint determination and simultaneous multi-components determination of Evodiae Fructus at the same chromatographic conditions. Compared with other methods in literatures, the method has the following characteristics of strong specificity, good separation, high purity of chromatographic peaks, simplity and feasibility, which provides better means for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of Evodiae Fructus.

To investigate the stability and degradation kinetics of febrifugine. The results showed that within 24 hours, febrifugine content was decreased by only 1% in mobile phase solvent, but its content was decreased to be 90% of the initial content in the water, methanol, 50% methanol and 10% acetonitrile solution. When the pH value of the solution was between 3 and 7, the retention rate of febrifugine in 24 hours was over 98%, but its content was decreased by about 12% in alkaline solution (pH 9.0). The higher the temperature, the worse the stability of febrifugine. At 40-80 ℃, the content of febrifugine was decreased to be 60% of its initial content in 10 hours, but the content was decreased by only 5% in 10 h at 20 ℃.However, no matter 40 ℃or 60 ℃, febrifugine was mainly transformed into isofebrifugine, and the total content of febrifugine and isofebrifugine was equal to their initial total content in 10 hours, while incase of 80 ℃, the total content was decreased to be 83.33% in 10 h, which suggested that the structure of febrifugine was absolutely changed, not just isomerized to be isofebrigugine at high temperature. Light had a significant impact on the stability of febrifugine. Under bright light, the content of febrifugine was reduced by about 23% in 108 h, but it only decreased by about 10% in the natural light or darkness. In artificial gastric fluid (pH 1.4) and artificial intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), the content of febrifugine was decreased by less than 5% in 10 h. After storage at high temperature(60 ℃), high humidity [(75±1)%] and strong light (3 000 lx) conditions for 10 d, the content of solid febrifugine was decreased by 0.27%, 7.6% and 5.39%, respectively. The degradation of febrifugine basically complied with the first-order reaction kinetic process in the following conditions: in water, methanol, 50%methanol and 10% acetonitrile solvents, alkaline solution (pH>7), different light intensity and different temperatures (20,40 ℃). Therefore, no matter the isolation and purification of febrifugine or the production of the related preparations, it should be done fast in the acidic solution, low temperature and dark conditions, while the febrifugine solid should be kept in dry and dark conditions.

To develop the HPLC method for simultaneous determination of febrifugine and isofebrifugine in Dichroa febrifuga root, and on the basis of this, the feasibility of quantitative analysis of multi-component by a single-marker (QAMS) model for the determination of the two alkaloids was investigated. The chromatographic separation was performed on an octadecyl bonded silica gel column with mixed solvent consisting of acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine (9∶91∶0.36∶0.745) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wavelength was set at 225 nm, and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The linear range of febrifugine and isofebrifugine were 10.7-426 ng and 10.6-424 ng, respectively. Their average recovery were 98.33% (RSD 2.7%) and 100.4% (RSD 1.8%), respectively. On the basis of this established method, febrifugine was used as the internal reference substance to calculate the relative correction factors (RCF) and the relative retention values (RRV) of isofebrifugine to febrifugine. Through a series of methodology evaluations, the two alkaloids were simultaneously assayed only by quantitative determination of febrifugine. This result played the part of demonstration role for the application of QAMS model in the determination of isomers.