Abstract To investigate the intervention effects of digital exercise on insufficient physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior among college students, aiming to enhance PA levels and reduce sedentary behavior. The study systematically reviews the application characteristics of digital exercise intervention, the intervention effects of digital exercise intervention (training websites and applications, social media, wearable devices, emerging interactive technologies) on PA levels and sedentary behavior among college students.Through behavioral modification elements such as goal setting, self monitoring, and feedback support, the approach significantly enhances college students PA levels and improves sedentary behaviors, so as to provide evidence for the design and optimization of future intervention programs.

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of patellofemoral pain is complex,and poor movement patterns and incorrect muscle activation patterns have been suggested to increase patellofemoral joint stress and cause injury,but the results of current studies are not uniform.Current biomechanical studies of step-down test in patients with patellofemoral pain have focused on kinematic characteristics,and there is a lack of research on surface electromyographic characteristics.In addition,there are no studies that analyze the differences in biomechanical performance between the healthy and affected sides of patellofemoral pain patients compared with healthy subjects during the downward step test.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the kinematic and surface electromyographic characteristics of patients with patellofemoral pain during bilateral lower extremity step-downs.METHODS:Twenty-one men with patellofemoral pain and 21 healthy men were recruited,and both groups of subjects underwent a step-down test.Kinematic,kinetic and surface electromyographic data were synchronously collected using a three-dimensional dynamic capture system,a force platform and a surface electromyographic tester.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Kinematics:Compared with the healthy control group,the affected and healthy sides of the patellofemoral pain group showed a smaller hip flexion angle(P=0.005,P=0.011),a larger hip internal rotation angle(P=0.033,P=0.039),and a larger knee valgus angle(P=0.001,P=0.001),and the affected side of the patellofemoral pain group exhibited a larger hip internal rotation angle(P=0.013),a smaller knee flexion angle(P=0.043),and a smaller ankle dorsiflexion angle(P=0.002);and compared with the healthy side,the affected side exhibited a smaller ankle dorsiflexion angle(P=0.002).(2)Surface electromyography:Compared with the healthy control group,the patellofemoral pain group showed reduced activation of the vastus medialis oblique(P=0.002),reduced activation of the gluteus medius(P=0.015),and a decreased vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis ratio(P=0.010)on the affected side;and compared with the healthy side,there was a reduced activation of the gluteus medius on the affected side(P=0.008).(3)The results indicate that patients with patellofemoral pain have abnormal lower limb biomechanical characteristics during step-down test,which are mainly manifested as changes in kinematic and indexes of the lower limb joints in the sagittal and frontal planes as well as changes in activation levels of the medial femoral and gluteus medius muscles.These changes reflect the fact that patients with patellofemoral pain adopt a stifflanding pattern during step-downs and show pronation of other joints of the lower extremity.In addition,abnormal lower extremity biomechanical characteristics are also present in the healthy limbs of patients with patellofemoral pain,and bilateral lower extremity asymmetry exists in such patients.

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of patellofemoral pain is complex,and poor movement patterns and incorrect muscle activation patterns have been suggested to increase patellofemoral joint stress and cause injury,but the results of current studies are not uniform.Current biomechanical studies of step-down test in patients with patellofemoral pain have focused on kinematic characteristics,and there is a lack of research on surface electromyographic characteristics.In addition,there are no studies that analyze the differences in biomechanical performance between the healthy and affected sides of patellofemoral pain patients compared with healthy subjects during the downward step test.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the kinematic and surface electromyographic characteristics of patients with patellofemoral pain during bilateral lower extremity step-downs.METHODS:Twenty-one men with patellofemoral pain and 21 healthy men were recruited,and both groups of subjects underwent a step-down test.Kinematic,kinetic and surface electromyographic data were synchronously collected using a three-dimensional dynamic capture system,a force platform and a surface electromyographic tester.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Kinematics:Compared with the healthy control group,the affected and healthy sides of the patellofemoral pain group showed a smaller hip flexion angle(P=0.005,P=0.011),a larger hip internal rotation angle(P=0.033,P=0.039),and a larger knee valgus angle(P=0.001,P=0.001),and the affected side of the patellofemoral pain group exhibited a larger hip internal rotation angle(P=0.013),a smaller knee flexion angle(P=0.043),and a smaller ankle dorsiflexion angle(P=0.002);and compared with the healthy side,the affected side exhibited a smaller ankle dorsiflexion angle(P=0.002).(2)Surface electromyography:Compared with the healthy control group,the patellofemoral pain group showed reduced activation of the vastus medialis oblique(P=0.002),reduced activation of the gluteus medius(P=0.015),and a decreased vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis ratio(P=0.010)on the affected side;and compared with the healthy side,there was a reduced activation of the gluteus medius on the affected side(P=0.008).(3)The results indicate that patients with patellofemoral pain have abnormal lower limb biomechanical characteristics during step-down test,which are mainly manifested as changes in kinematic and indexes of the lower limb joints in the sagittal and frontal planes as well as changes in activation levels of the medial femoral and gluteus medius muscles.These changes reflect the fact that patients with patellofemoral pain adopt a stifflanding pattern during step-downs and show pronation of other joints of the lower extremity.In addition,abnormal lower extremity biomechanical characteristics are also present in the healthy limbs of patients with patellofemoral pain,and bilateral lower extremity asymmetry exists in such patients.

BACKGROUND:Kinesio taping has been widely used as a means of sports protection,but its role as a means to correct abnormal biomechanical changes of the lower limbs during side-step cutting remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and compare the changes in lower limb kinematics and dynamics when the subjects complete the side-step cutting of the knee joint under the conditions of kinesio taping,placebo taping and blank control. METHODS:Thirty-nine male college students majoring in basketball were recruited as subjects.Each subject was tested with kinesio taping,placebo taping or no taping.The mechanical correction method was used to patch the dominant knee joint of each subject.The run-up speed of 4.5-5.5 m/s was selected to complete the 45° side-step cutting motion,and the kinematics and kinetics data were collected synchronously by the three-dimensional dynamic capture system and the force measuring platform.The kinematics and kinetics parameters at the moment of initial touchdown and peak ground reaction force were selected for data analysis.SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the test data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Kinematic indexes:compared with no taping and placebo taping,the hip abduction and knee valgus angles at the initial touchdown moment were significantly decreased when kinesio taping was used(P<0.05);at the moment of peak lateral ground reaction force,the angles of hip abduction,knee valgus and ankle plantar flexion decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the knee flexion angle was significantly increased(P<0.05).Kinetic indexes:Compared with no taping,both kinesio taping and placebo taping significantly reduced hip abduction and external rotation torque,knee valgus and external rotation torque at the moment of initial touchdown(P<0.05),and significantly reduced peak vertical ground reaction force and peak horizontal backward ground reaction force(P<0.05);in addition,kinesio taping significantly reduced peak lateral ground reaction force compared with no taping and placebo taping(P<0.05).These results indicate that kinesio taping of the knee joint may improve some kinematic and kinetic indexes associated with lower limb injury risk factors during the completion of the side-step cutting in basketball specialized college students to some extent,and may have a positive effect on the prevention of injury during the side-step cutting.In addition,the trends in the effects of placebo taping and kinesio taping on the knee joint are more consistent in terms of changes in some indexes,suggesting that there may be a placebo effect on the mechanism of action of kinesio taping.

Hepatolithiasis is a common biliary tract disease in China and other Asian countries.It has insidious onset,recurrent disease,and may lead to biliary cirrhosis or even cancer in the late stage without inter-vention.At present,surgery is considered to be the best choice for treatment.In the 21st century of minimally inva-sive surgery,traditional procedures such as partial hepatectomy,choledochotomy,cholangioenterostomy and liver transplantation can be performed with the assistance of laparoscopy and da Vinci robots,and emerging endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and percutaneous transhepatic cho-ledochoscopic lithotripsy(PTCSL)have also been developed,bringing better treatment for patients with hepatoli-thiasis.As treatment options are becoming more varied,there are also some clinical problems that need to be addressed.In this article,we would like to briefly review the current surgical treatment modalities in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the treatment modalities.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of bladder neck resection combined with multipoint injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of bladder neck contractures (BNC) after transurethral resection prostate (TURP).Methods:The data of 25 patients with BNC after TUPR who underwent transurethral surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from July 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment method. There were 15 cases in the steroid injection group, with an average age of (67.5±8.8) years, 1 case of diabetes, and 2 cases of hypertension. And the average postoperative time after TURP was (21.9±29.1) months, the preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was (30.0±3.5) points, quality of life (QOL) score was (5.7±0.5) points. There were 10 cases in the non-steroid injection group, with an average age of (65.2±10.5) years, 1 case of diabetes, and 2 cases of hypertension. And the average postoperative time of TURP was (29.3±33.5) months, and the preoperative IPSS was (30.4±2.6) points, QOL score was (5.8±0.4) points. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). In the steroid injection group, bladder neck resection combined with multipoint injection of triamcinolone acetonide was performed. The patients were in the lithotomy position, and a scope was placed through the urethra into the distal end of the narrow urethra under direct vision for observation, and a supersmooth guide wire was placed. The narrow section is then incised at 6 o'clock. After replacing the resectoscope, the urethral stricture scar was excised until the normal tissue of the bladder neck was exposed. Hemostasis by electrocoagulation resulted in no active bleeding from the urethra after resection. After the bladder injection needle was inserted, 80 mg (12 ml) of triamcinolone acetonide injection was injected in 6 equally spaced needles at the direction of the bladder neck from 3 to 9 o'clock. A supersmooth guide wire was placed, and a three-channel silicone urinary catheter was indwelled along the guide wire. The non-steroid injection group underwent simple bladder neck resection. Re-examination of urethroscopy at 3 and 6 months after operation showed that the patient had obvious dysuria and the microscopic examination showed that the recurrence of bladder neck stenosis was defined as the recurrence of stenosis. The efficacy, complications, and recurrence-free survival rates of the two groups were compared. Predictors of postoperative BNC recurrence were analyzed. Results:The operations in both groups were successfully completed. The operation time of the steroid injection group and the non-steroid injection group were (36.0±17.8) min and (48.5±57.9) min respectively ( P=0.438), and the intraoperative blood loss was (1.9±3.0) ml and (12.0±31.1) ml ( P=0.221)respectively. The length of hospital stay was (5.8±1.2) d and (4.4±2.5) d, respectively ( P=0.070). There was 1 case of transient hematuria and 1 case of epididymitis in the steroid injection group, and 1 case of transient hematuria and 1 case of transient dysuria in the non-steroid injection group ( P>0.05), all of which were relieved after symptomatic treatment. The IPSS of steroid injection group and non-steroid injection group were (11.0±5.6) points and (12.4±3.9) points at 3 months after operation, and (10.1±4.9) points and (14.7±7.7) points at 6 months after operation, respectively. QOL at 3 months after operation was (1.7±1.2) points and (2.1±1.5) points, respectively, and at 6 months after operation, it was (1.5±1.3) points and (3.0±2.0) points, respectively. There was statistical significance ( P<0.05). There were 1 case and 2 cases of recurrence in the steroid injection group and non-steroid injection group at 3 months after operation ( P=0.543), and 1 case and 5 cases at 6 months after operation ( P=0.023). The difference in survival curve between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.013). Combined steroid therapy ( OR=14.000, 95% CI1.299-150.889, P=0.030), time after scar resection ( OR=1.138, 95% CI1.017-1.273, P=0.025), postoperative IPSS( OR=1.302, 95% CI1.018-1.666, P=0.036), postoperative QOL score ( OR=4.280, 95% CI1.523-12.030, P=0.006) were the predictors of stenosis recurrence 6 months after surgery. Conclusion:Bladder neck scar resection combined with steroid injection could be safe and effective in the treatment of BNC after TURP, and local steroid injection may help reduce the recurrence rate of postoperative stenosis.