ObjectiveTo elucidate the chemical composition of the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian and its distribution characteristics in blood and tissues of rats. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the reference sample solution， plasma， and tissue samples of Jinshui Liujunjian under positive and negative ion modes， respectively. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software and a self-constructed database were employed for primary mass spectrum matching.Compound identification was further validated by comparing retention times， secondary mass spectral fragments， reference standards， and literature data to deduce fragmentation pathways. ResultsA total of 122 compounds were identified in the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian， including 47 flavonoids， 5 amino acids， 13 iridoids， 16 triterpenoid saponins， etc.， of which 42 compounds were confirmed by comparison with reference substances. A total of 21 prototype components were identified in blood components； 50 prototype components were identified in different tissues， among which 13， 10， 7， 21， 11， 6， 14， and 40 prototype components were identified in the heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， brain， large intestine， and stomach， respectively. Among them， 7 compounds such as ferulic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， and nobiletin were exposed in the target organs of lung and kidney. ConclusionThis study elucidates the material basis of the reference samples of Jinshui Liujunjian， primarily composed of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins， along with their in vivo distribution characteristics. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation indicators and offer references for subsequent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the chemical composition of the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian and its distribution characteristics in blood and tissues of rats. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the reference sample solution， plasma， and tissue samples of Jinshui Liujunjian under positive and negative ion modes， respectively. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software and a self-constructed database were employed for primary mass spectrum matching.Compound identification was further validated by comparing retention times， secondary mass spectral fragments， reference standards， and literature data to deduce fragmentation pathways. ResultsA total of 122 compounds were identified in the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian， including 47 flavonoids， 5 amino acids， 13 iridoids， 16 triterpenoid saponins， etc.， of which 42 compounds were confirmed by comparison with reference substances. A total of 21 prototype components were identified in blood components； 50 prototype components were identified in different tissues， among which 13， 10， 7， 21， 11， 6， 14， and 40 prototype components were identified in the heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， brain， large intestine， and stomach， respectively. Among them， 7 compounds such as ferulic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， and nobiletin were exposed in the target organs of lung and kidney. ConclusionThis study elucidates the material basis of the reference samples of Jinshui Liujunjian， primarily composed of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins， along with their in vivo distribution characteristics. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation indicators and offer references for subsequent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations.

OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation,further screen the active ingredients of this formulation treating ulcerative colitis by network pharmacology,and explore the potential targets and pathways,provi-ding scientific basis for its mechanism research and clinical application.METHODS Chemical ingredients in Anchang formulation were acquired by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)technology and literature retrieval.The potential active ingredients and key targets for the treatment were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction,GeneCards,STRING,and then Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment were analyzed in the DAVID database.The interactions between the active ingredients and the core targets were verified by using the AutoDock software.The RAW 264.7 murine-derived macrophage inflammation model was also established to val-idate the anti-inflammatory activity of the pre-screened chemical ingredients and further explore the related mechanisms.RESULTS In this study,108 chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology,and expanded to 134 through literature search.The component-target network where 39 core active components were screened was further constructed,and 15 key therapeutic targets were screened by the protein-protein interaction network constructed.The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway indicated that Anchang formulation can regulate TNF,PI3K-Akt,MAPK,cancer and other related signaling pathways and ex-ert a therapeutic effect.The results of cell experiments showed that Anchang formulation and its active ingredients could inhibit the re-lease of NO,TNF-α and IL-6 in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model.CONCLUSION Based on the concept of"ingredient-target-pathway",this study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of Anchang formulation and its active ingredients,pre-dicts the potential mechanism of treatment for UC,and provides a theoretical basis and research ideas for the quality control of the for-mulation and its treatment for UC.

OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation,further screen the active ingredients of this formulation treating ulcerative colitis by network pharmacology,and explore the potential targets and pathways,provi-ding scientific basis for its mechanism research and clinical application.METHODS Chemical ingredients in Anchang formulation were acquired by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)technology and literature retrieval.The potential active ingredients and key targets for the treatment were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction,GeneCards,STRING,and then Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment were analyzed in the DAVID database.The interactions between the active ingredients and the core targets were verified by using the AutoDock software.The RAW 264.7 murine-derived macrophage inflammation model was also established to val-idate the anti-inflammatory activity of the pre-screened chemical ingredients and further explore the related mechanisms.RESULTS In this study,108 chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology,and expanded to 134 through literature search.The component-target network where 39 core active components were screened was further constructed,and 15 key therapeutic targets were screened by the protein-protein interaction network constructed.The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway indicated that Anchang formulation can regulate TNF,PI3K-Akt,MAPK,cancer and other related signaling pathways and ex-ert a therapeutic effect.The results of cell experiments showed that Anchang formulation and its active ingredients could inhibit the re-lease of NO,TNF-α and IL-6 in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model.CONCLUSION Based on the concept of"ingredient-target-pathway",this study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of Anchang formulation and its active ingredients,pre-dicts the potential mechanism of treatment for UC,and provides a theoretical basis and research ideas for the quality control of the for-mulation and its treatment for UC.

OBJECTIVE The non-volatile and volatile chemical components in Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets were analyzed sepa-rately using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).METHODS The non-volatile components were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(A)and acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution,a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1,an injection volume of 5 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃;the volatile components were analyzed using an Agilent SH-I-5MS column(5％Phenyl Methyl Silox,30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);the procedure was temperature-programmed,with an injection volume of 1 μL,a split ratio of 10∶1,a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and an inlet temperature of 200 ℃.RESULTS A total of 134 non-volatile chemical components and 23 volatile components were analyzed and identified from Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,among which 49 compounds were confirmed through comparison with reference stand-ards.The non-volatile components mainly include 27 flavonoids,21 organic acids,15 lignans,14 iridoids,12 phenylethanoid glyco-sides,11 saponins,10 alkaloids,5 terpenes,4 amino acids,3 phenylpropanoids,3 nucleosides,3 xanthones,3 phenolic glycosides,2 chromones and 1 carbohydrate.The volatile components mainly include 11 monoterpenes,5 alcohols and phenols,3 alkenes,2 ke-tones,1 ester,and 1 hydrocarbon.CONCLUSION This study rapidly identifies the chemical components of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,laying a preliminary foundation for research on the pharmacodynamic substances of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets and the im-provement of quality control standards.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma(ITC).Methods The clinical manifestations,histological features and immunophenotypes of 11 patients with ITC were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemistry and Sanger sequencing were used for protein and gene detection.The relevant literature is retrieved and the data of this paper is analyzed sta-tistically.Results Among the 11 patients,6 were female and 5 was male,aged from 35 to 75 years old.Tumor inva-sion into peripheral thyroid tissue was observed in 2 cases.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive expression for CD5,CD117,p63,p40,CK5/6,CK17 and CKpan,with focal positivity for Syn observed in only 1 case.Genetic testing:1 patient had mutations in the TERT promoter gene(C.-228 C＞T).Conclusion ITC is an extremely rare,low-grade malignant tumor.Due to its morphological similarity to other highly malignant thyroid tumors,it is prone to misdiagnosis.Immunohistochemistry and genetic testing play a crucial role in accurate differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on the thyroid status and hormone levels of radiation workers. Methods Radiation workers who underwent occupational health examinations at a hospital in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2022 were selected as the subjects of this study. The levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH were analyzed, and the thyroid abnormality status of radiation workers in different groups were compared. Results A total of 1152 participants were included in this study, consisting of 885 (76.82%) males and 267 (23.18%) females, with an average age of (35.26 ± 10.16) years. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities was 9.38%, which was significantly higher in females (13.86%) than in males (8.02%) (P < 0.05). The TSH level of females [(2.15 ± 1.29) mIU/L] was higher than that of males [(1.85 ± 1.20) mIU/L], while the levels of FT3 [(5.10 ± 0.64) pmol/L] and FT4 [(15.84 ± 2.32) pmol/L] in females were lower than those in males [(5.23 ± 0.63) pmol/L and (16.61 ± 2.75) pmol/L, P < 0.05]. The FT3 of industrial workers [(5.25 ± 0.63) pmol/L] was higher than that of medical workers [(5.10 ± 0.63) pmol/L], while the TSH of industrial workers [(1.80 ± 1.12) mIU/L] was lower than that of medical workers [(2.15 ± 1.37) mIU/L]. FT4 levels decreased with increasing age and duration of occupational exposure. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that sex was a significant independent predictor of thyroid abnormalities among radiation workers. Female workers were more likely to experience thyroid abnormalities (β = −0.62, P < 0.05). Conclusion Low-dose ionizing radiation may have a certain impact on the thyroid status of radiation workers, especially for female workers, which requires further attention and research.

The anti-inflammatory phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Illicium dunnianum (I. dunnianum) resulted in the isolation of five pairs of new lignans (1-5), and 7 known analogs (6-12). The separation of enantiomer mixtures 1-5 to 1a/1b-5a/5b was achieved using a chiral column with acetonitrile-water mixtures as eluents. The planar structures of 1-2 were previously undescribed, and the chiral separation and absolute configurations of 3-5 were reported for the first time. Their structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis [nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass (HR-ESI-MS), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)] and quantum chemistry calculations (ECD). The new isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effect on NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells. Compounds 1a, 3a, 3b, and 5a demonstrated partial inhibition of NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays revealed that 1a down-regulated the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), COX-2, and iNOS and the protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. This research provides guidance and evidence for the further development and utilization of I. dunnianum.
Lignans/isolation & purification* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Animals ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Illicium/chemistry* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology* ; Interleukin-6/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Lipopolysaccharides

OBJECTIVE The non-volatile and volatile chemical components in Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets were analyzed sepa-rately using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).METHODS The non-volatile components were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(A)and acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution,a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1,an injection volume of 5 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃;the volatile components were analyzed using an Agilent SH-I-5MS column(5％Phenyl Methyl Silox,30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);the procedure was temperature-programmed,with an injection volume of 1 μL,a split ratio of 10∶1,a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and an inlet temperature of 200 ℃.RESULTS A total of 134 non-volatile chemical components and 23 volatile components were analyzed and identified from Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,among which 49 compounds were confirmed through comparison with reference stand-ards.The non-volatile components mainly include 27 flavonoids,21 organic acids,15 lignans,14 iridoids,12 phenylethanoid glyco-sides,11 saponins,10 alkaloids,5 terpenes,4 amino acids,3 phenylpropanoids,3 nucleosides,3 xanthones,3 phenolic glycosides,2 chromones and 1 carbohydrate.The volatile components mainly include 11 monoterpenes,5 alcohols and phenols,3 alkenes,2 ke-tones,1 ester,and 1 hydrocarbon.CONCLUSION This study rapidly identifies the chemical components of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,laying a preliminary foundation for research on the pharmacodynamic substances of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets and the im-provement of quality control standards.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.