Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

Objective: To explore the application effect of a guided self help intervention based on dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to address non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behavior among college students, so as to provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of NSSI behavior in this population. Methods: A total of 106 college students with NSSI admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 53 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The control group received routine medication treatment and psychological intervention, while the observation group, on the basis of the interventions provided to the control group, implemented dialectical behavior therapy based guided self help. The approach combines group activities, individual counseling, and selfdirected learning, covering four core modules: mindfulness training, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation. Meanwhile, data collection, skill check ins, and personalized recommendation pushes were conducted through a WeChat. Both groups were intervented for 12 weeks. Before the intervention and after the intervention, the Adolescent Non suicidal Self injury Behavior Questionnaire, Ottawa Self injury Inventory (OSI), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used to evaluate the patients, and the levels of serum neurotransmitters were detected. The χ 2 test, t test, and Cochran s Q test were used for data comparison and analysis. Results: The incidence rates of NSSI in the observation group after 3, 6, and 12 weeks of intervention were 47.17%, 16.98%, and 5.66%, respectively, all lower than those in the control group (67.92%, 35.85%, 20.75%) ( χ 2=4.67, 4.85, 5.27,all P <0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, in the NSSI Behavior Questionnaire, the total score of the observation group was (17.94±2.69) points, which was lower than that of the control group (23.04±5.11) points; in the Function Questionnaire, the total score of the observation group was (53.24±8.94) points, which was higher than that of the control group (47.74±8.00) points（both P ＜0.05）. In terms of the OSI, the total score of the observation group was (4.49±0.62) points, lower than that of the control group (6.25±0.81) points;in the BIS, the total score of the observation group was (80.76±7.94) points, lower than that of the control group (87.74±9.34) points，and the differences between groups were statistically significant(both P<0.05). After the intervention, the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the observation group was (67.93±5.42) ng/mL, higher than (44.72±5.54) ng/mL of the control group; the levels of substance P and cortisol in the observation group were (35.82±4.47) ng/L and (75.64±8.02) μg/L, respectively, both lower than (48.14±5.32) ng/L and (94.53±10.78) μg/L of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion The guided self help intervention based on DBT is helpful for reducing NSSI behavior among college students.

ObjectiveTo explore the epidemic levels and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Hongkou District of Shanghai, to track the trends in virus mutations, so as to offer a scientific foundation for precisely predicting influenza epidemic trends, providing early alerts, and implementing prompt prevention and control measures. MethodsData on ILI and etiological surveillance from Hongkou District between 2015 and 2024 were collected and statistically analyzed. ResultsThe consultation percentage of ILI (ILI%) in Hongkou District from 2015 to 2024 was 0.58%, and the differences were statistically significant between different years (χ²=19 280.500, P<0.001), with winter and summer being the prevalence peaks. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in the 25‒<60 years age group, and the proportion of cases aged ≥60 years showed an increasing trend. The positive rate for influenza viruses was 17.60%, with seasonal influenzaA (H3N2) subtype (49.78%) and influenza A(H1N1) (30.03%) being the predominant strains,and the positive rate was different by years. There was a correlation between ILI% and the positive rate of influenza viruses (r=0.260, P<0.001). The median intensity of influenza activity in 2023‒2024 was 23.09, which was significantly higher than that in 2015‒2019 (H=37.052, P<0.001) and that in 2020‒2022 (H=40.436, P<0.001). ConclusionFrom 2015 to 2022, the ILI% in Hongkou District, Shanghai remained at a relatively low level, but it significantly increased in 2023‒2024, with peaks observed in winter and summer. The predominant influenza virus strains varied and alternated by years. The 2023‒2024 period witnessed an intensified influenza activity. It is necessary to continuously monitor the impact of other respiratory pathogens on influenza epidemic, so as to provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention and control of influenza.

A strategy combining a tailored database and high-throughput activity screening that discover bioactive metabolites derived from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (MOC) was developed and implemented to rapidly profile and discover bioactive metabolites in vivo derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The strategy possessed four characteristics: 1) The tailored database consisted of metabolites derived from big data-originated reference compound, metabolites predicted in silico, and MOC chemical profile-based pseudomolecular ions. 2) When profiling MOC-derived metabolites in vivo, attentions were paid not only to prototypes of MOC compounds and metabolites directly derived from MOC compounds, as reported by most papers, but also to isomerized metabolites and the degradation products of MOC compounds as well as their derived metabolites. 3) Metabolite traceability was performed, especially to distinguish isomeric prototypes-derived metabolites, prototypes of MOC compounds as well as phase I metabolites derived from other MOC compounds. 4) Molecular docking was utilized for high-throughput activity screening and molecular dynamic simulation as well as zebrafish model were used for verification. Using this strategy, 134 metabolites were swiftly characterized after the oral administration of MOC to rats, and several metabolites were reported for the first time. Furthermore, 17 potential active metabolites were discovered by targeting the motilin, dopamine D2, and the serotonin type 4 (5-HT₄) receptors, and part bioactivities were verified using molecular dynamic simulation and a zebrafish constipation model. This study extends the application of mass spectrometry (MS) to rapidly profile TCM-derived metabolites in vivo, which will help pharmacologists rapidly discover potent metabolites from a complex matrix.

Objective To investigate the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with external counterpulsation therapy on angina pectoris attacks and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation(FMD)in patients with angina pectoris of heart blood stasis syndrome.Methods A total of 80 patients with stable coronary artery disease(SCAD)and angina pectoris who visited our hospital between March 2022 and December 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into control group(40 cases)and treatment group(40 cases).The control group received conventional treatment and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction,while the treatment group received external counterpulsation therapy in addition to the control group's treatment.The angina pectoris attacks before and after treatment in both groups was recorded.Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery FMD;electrocardiogram was used to measure heart rate variability indicators,including the standard deviation of the average of normal to normal intervals(SDANN)for 5 consecutive minutes,standard deviation of normal to normal intervals(SDNN),and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of the differences between consecutive N-N intervals(rMSSD).A fully automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood lipid indicators such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),total cholesterol(TC),and triglycerides(TG).Nitrate reductase method was used to detect serum nitric oxide(NO)levels,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum endothelin-1(ET-1)levels.Adverse events in both groups were recorded.Results After treatment,the attack frequency of angina pectoris decreased and duration shortened in both groups compared with before treatment,and the attack frequency of angina pectoris was lower and duration shorter in the treatment group than in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,FMD and NO levels increased,and ET-1 levels decreased in both groups compared with before treatment,and FMD and NO levels were higher,while ET-1 levels were lower in the treat-ment group than in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,SDANN,SDNN,and rMSSD in-creased in both groups compared with before treatment,and SDANN,SDNN,and rMSSD were higher in the treatment group than in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,HDL-C levels in-creased,while LDL-C,TC,and TG levels decreased in both groups compared with before treatment,and HDL-C levels were higher,while LDL-C,TC,and TG levels were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment in both groups,and vital signs were normal,with normal liver and kidney function.Conclusion Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with external counterpulsation can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms,reduce the frequency of angina pectoris attacks,shorten the duration of angina pectoris,improve brachial artery FMD,endothelial function,heart rate variability,and blood lipid levels in patients with angina pectoris of heart blood stasis syndrome.Besides,it has higher safety.

Objective To explore the application of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale in the early postoperative cognitive function of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH).Methods The clinical data of 181 patients with aSAH hospitalized in Department of Neurosurgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from November 2021 to May 2022 were collected,and the scores of each dimension of the patients were evaluated using MoCA scale;Using gender,age,educational level,hypertension,responsible aneurysm diameter,Hunt-Hess grade,and surgical method as variables,the relationship between these factors and the scores of each dimension of the MoCA scale was studied.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of low score dimensions and postoperative cognitive function.Results 61 cases(36.31％)had normal cognitive function(≥26 points).The results of multifactorial analysis of language dimensions showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of educational background,age,surgical method,Hunt-Hess grade,and the presence or absence of cognitive dysfunction(P<0.05);The results of multifactor analysis of delayed memory showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction among educational background,Hunt-Hess classification,alcoholism,family history of stroke,and surgical methods(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with aSAH is high;The scores of language and delayed memory were the lowest;Low cultural background,advanced age,craniotomy methods,and high Hunt-Hess scores are more likely to cause damage to language and delayed memory dimensions.

Objective: To investigate the effect of G protein-coupled receptor 108(GPR108) gene knockout on systemic inflammation in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice and GPR108 gene knockout mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: WT group, WT-LPS group, KO group, KO-LPS group. The physiological characteristics of mice in different groups were observed, and the morphological changes of liver and lung tissues were observed. Macrophages were extracted from bone marrow and subjected to flow cytometry to detect their M1 polarization status. The expression levels of IL-6 in liver and lung tissues, macrophages, and serum were also measured. Results: KO-LPS group mice showed significant liver and lung tissue damage, with a significantly greater number of bone marrow-derived macrophages polarizing towards M1 in the KO-LPS group compared to the WT-LPS group. Additionally, at the tissue, cellular, and serum levels, the expression of IL-6 in the KO-LPS group mice was significantly higher than that in the WT-LPS group mice(P<0.05). Conclusion During the systemic inflammatory infection induced by LPS in mice, the lack of GPR108 exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response. GPR108 has an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response in mice with LPS-induced sepsis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism that Rubescensine A reduces the podocyte damage induced by high glucose(HG)through the autophagy pathway mediated by AMP activated protein kinase/silent information regulator 1(AMPK/SIRT1)pathway.Methods Human glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro,and randomly divided into Control group(Con),HG group,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)group,and Rapamycin(RAP)group.CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability.Western blotting was used to detect cell apoptosis and podocyte injury related protein expression in each group.The podocyte model induced by high glucose(HG)was treated with Rubescensine A(Rub A)at different concentrations and the optimal concentration was selected.Then,human glomerular podocytes were randomly divided into Con group,HG group,Rub A group,Compound C group,and Rub A+Compound C group.The expression of autophagy,AMPK/SIRT1 pathway related proteins were detected in each group.Results Compared with Con group,the podocyte viability and the protein expressions of Synaptopodin and Bcl-2 was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of Desmin and Bax were significantly increased in HG group(P<0.05).Compared with the HG group,all indicators were relieved in RAP group.However,the levels of all indicators were worsened in HCQ group.Compared with Con group,the expression levels of Desminand Bax proteins in podocytes were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the podocyte viability,number of autophagosomes,the expression levels of Synaptopodin,Bcl-2,microtubule associated protein light chain 3(LC3)II/I,Beclin-1,p-AMPK/AMPK and SIRT1 proteins were significantly reduced in HG group(P<0.05).Compared with HG group and Rub A+Compound C group,the above indicators were improved in Rub A group.Compound C group reversed the protective effect of Rub A.Conclusion Rubescensine A can promote autophagy by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway,thereby reduce podocyte damage induced by high glucose.

Objective:To investigate the consistency of swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and time-domain optical coherence tomography(TD-OCT)in measuring the parameters of anterior chamber angle.Methods:A total of 46 myopic patients(92 eyes)were retrospectively selected from Department of Ophthalmology of Army Specialty Medical Center from January 2023 to May 2023.Both SS-OCT and TD-OCT were used to measure respectively the parameters of anterior chamber angle of patients.And then,the differences of central anterior chamber depth(ACD),angle opening distance(AOD500,AOD750),scleral spur angle(SSA),trabecular iris area(TISA500,TISA750)between SS-OCT and TD-OCT were compared and analyzed.The Pearson correlation analysis and Bland-Altman test were adopted to analyze and measure the correlation and consistency of the measures.Results:There was significant difference in ACD between the two kinds of scan methods(t=-6.83,P<0.001).Additionally,the differences of the AOD500,AOD750,SSA500,TISA500 and TISA750 of measured data beside of nose were significant(t=-5.16,5.51,-6.51,-4.75,-5.69,P<0.001),respectively.Similarly,the differences of them beside of temple were significant(t=-5.04,-4.8,-6.06,-3.84,-4.02,P<0.001),respectively.There was positive correlation between the two kinds of scan methods(r=0.71-0.92).The Bland-Altman analysis showed that 2.1% to 8.9% of the measured values were outside the consistency limit by 95%.Conclusion:There are differences between SS-OCT and TD-OCT in the measures of the parameters of anterior chamber angle of myopic patients,and the measured results of them appear positive correlation.