OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant mechanism of Wenyang jieyu granules （WYJYG） via the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3）/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）/Caspase-1 pathway. METHODS A rat model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with single-housing for 42 consecutive days.The experiment set up blank group， model group， MCC950 （NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor） group （10 mg/kg）， fluoxetine group （positive control，2.08 mg/kg），low-dose WYJYG（3.78 g/kg） and high-dose WYJYG group （7.56 g/kg），with 10 rats in each group. From the 22nd day of the experiment， rats in the fluoxetine group， low-dose and high-dose WYJYG groups were intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs and intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of normal saline. Rats in the MCC950 group were intraperitoneally injected with MCC950 at the corresponding concentration and intragastrically administered with an equal volume of distilled water. Rats in the blank group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage and an equal volume of normal saline by intraperitoneal injection. All interventions were performed once a day for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were conducted once a week. After the last administration， the contents of ASC， ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba1）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and IL-18 in hippocampal tissues were detected. The protein expressions of NLRP3， cluster of differentiation 68 （CD68）， Caspase-1， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein were determined， and neuronal apoptosis was observed. RESULTS After the last administration， compared with the model group， the open-field activity time was significantly prolonged （ P ＜0.05）， and the latency to feed in a novel environment was significantly shortened （ P ＜0.05） in rats of the high-dose WYJYG group. In hippocampal tissue， the contents of ASC， Iba1， IL-1β， and IL-18， as well as the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and CD68， and the positive rate of neuronal apoptosis were all significantly decreased/downregulated （ P ＜0.05）. Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly upregulated （ P ＜0.05）， and the density of neuronal apoptosis-positive cells was significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS WYJYG play on antidepressant role by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway， reducing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation， and inhibiting hippocampal neurons apoptosis.

Skeletal muscle atrophy refers to a pathological condition characterized by muscle fiber atrophy as well as decreased muscle mass and muscle strength induced by various predisposing factors. It falls under the category of “flaccidity syndrome” in traditional Chinese medicine， and its pathogenesis is mainly associated with disturbed protein homeostasis， mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress injury. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine exerts synergistic regulatory effects via multiple pathways， thus possessing unique advantages in the clinical prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy. Existing studies have demonstrated that such active ingredients can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy through multiple approaches： regulating protein metabolic balance （geniposide， matrine， schisandrin A， etc.） and oxidative stress （astragaloside Ⅳ， Gastrodia elata polysaccharide， Angelica sinensis polysaccharide， etc.）， improving mitochondrial function （parthenolide， berberine， curcumin， etc.）， facilitating myogenesis and myogenic differentiation （cucurbitacin Ⅱb， saikosaponin A， saikosaponin D， etc.）， suppressing inflammatory response （ursolic acid， triptolide， emodin， etc.）， ameliorating insulin resistance （akebiasaponin D， etc.）. In the future， active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are expected to achieve breakthroughs in clinical treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy， providing novel ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of degenerative disorders.

[Objective] To explore the clinical significance and application value of establishing a database for red blood cell alloantibody detection. [Methods] Patients who were scheduled for blood transfusion in our hospital from January 1, 2020 to May 1, 2024 were selected as the research subjects. A red blood cell alloantibody detection database was established using Microsoft Office Excel software to register the detection data of patients' alloantibodies and antibodies of undetermined specificity (AUS). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics, antibody distribution, antibody decay and repeat positivity of the patients in the database. The LISS-IAT method was routinely used for antibody screening and identification. [Results] Among the alloantibodies, the Rh blood group system had the highest detection rate, followed by antibodies of the MNS blood group system and the Lewis blood group system. The predominant antibody in the Rh blood group system was anti-E. In the univariate analysis, the positivity of antibody was significantly associated with the patient's gender, age, blood transfusion history, pregnancy history and type of disease (all P<0.001). In the database, 48 patients experienced antibody decay, accounting for 15.24%(48/315), with an average time span of antibody decay ranging from 22 to 1 324 days. Six cases showed repeat positivity after decay, which were related to blood transfusions. The shortest interval between blood transfusions that led to antibody repeat positivity was 3 days, and the longest interval was 427 days. Among 58 cases with AUS, 3 converted into alloantibodies, among which 2 were anti-E and 1 was anti-Lea. [Conclusion] Establishing a red blood cell alloantibody detection database is an effective way to guide ambiguous cross-matching in clinical practice and is also an effective measure for the management of transfusion risks.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of recombinant coagulation factor Ⅷ (Octocog alfa) in Chinese patients with hemophilia A (HA) enrolled in the International Antihemophilic Factor Hemophilia A Outcome Database (AHEAD) study (NCT02078427) .Methods:Enrollment of Chinese patients in the AHEAD study was completed by January 2021, and data were collected up to July 15, 2022. This study primarily assessed patients in terms of the Gilbert score, global gait score within the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), annualized bleeding rate (ABR), annualized joint bleeding rate, and adverse events.Results:A total of 168 male patients were included in this study, of which 113 received prophylactic treatment and 53 received on-demand treatment. The average age of the patients was 21.4±13.37 years. Compared with baseline, the global gait score within HJHS significantly decreased during the 1-year follow-up in patients with moderately severe HA in the prophylactic treatment group ( P=0.01) and on-demand treatment group ( P=0.008). The mean reduction in Gilbert score was greater in the prophylactic treatment group than in the on-demand treatment group (28.6% vs 8.2%). The average ABR decreased significantly during the 1-year follow-up (3.70 vs 7.78, P=0.01) in the prophylactic treatment group, particularly in patients with severe HA (2.14 vs 8.98, P=0.006) and pediatric patients (2.1 vs 4.73, P=0.03). The ABR score also decreased significantly in the moderate-dose prophylactic treatment group ( P=0.015). During the 1-year follow-up, 25 patients (14.9%) reported 39 adverse events, with only one patient developing treatment-related F Ⅷ inhibitor. Conclusion:Joint mobility improved in patients receiving either prophylactic or on-demand Octocog alfa. Bleeding episodes significantly reduced in patients receiving prophylactic treatment, particularly in pediatric patients and those with severe HA.

With the intensification of population aging, type 2 diabetes has emerged as a significant global public health concern, particularly in developing countries.Epidemiological data indicate that the elderly population faces a higher risk of diabetes, accompanied by an increasing incidence rate.Due to the unique pathological characteristics and comorbid chronic diseases prevalent among elderly diabetes patients, polypharmacy is both common and often unavoidable.Inappropriate polypharmacy poses heightened health risks for patients and complicates clinical management, underscoring the urgent need to optimize intervention strategies.Effective approaches include regular medication reviews, adjustments to blood glucose control targets, and the development of personalized deprescribing plans informed by comprehensive geriatric assessments.While some interventions have demonstrated positive effects in reducing potentially inappropriate medications, addressing prescription omissions, and enhancing medication adherence, their capacity to yield significant clinical improvements requires further validation.Future research should prioritize the identification of the most effective interventions for high-risk populations.

Objective:To establish HPLC fingerprint and methods for determining the contents of four iridoid glycosides of Gentiana rigescens; To evaluate the quality of Gentiana rigescens from different origins; To improve the quality control level of Gentiana rigescens medicinal materials.Methods:Using 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens from the main production areas and authentic production areas as raw materials, the common mode of HPLC fingerprints of Gentiana rigescens was established, and the chemical components of the common peaks were identified. Referring to the common mode of fingerprints, similarity analysis was conducted on the fingerprints of Gentiana rigescens from different origins. Using chemometric methods, cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed on 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens, with the common peak area of fingerprint as the variable. The contents of four types of iridoid glycosides in Gentiana rigescens were determined. Combined with the fingerprints and the content results of four types of iridoid glycosides, the quality of Gentiana rigescens from different origins was evaluated.Results:The fingerprints of Gentiana rigescens contained 9 common peaks, with 4 identified iridoid glycosides. The similarity of the fingerprints of 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens ranged from 0.962 to 0.999. HCA and PCA divided the 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens into two categories. OPLS-DA analyzed 3 significantly different components, namely gentiopicroside, peak 7, and loganic acid. The content determination results showed that the average contents of loganic acid, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside in Gentiana rigescens from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Yunnan Province were the highest, and the total amount of four iridoid glycosides was also significantly higher than that from other regions, indicating that the overall quality of Gentiana rigescens from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Yunnan Province was relatively good.Conclusion:This method is simple, fast, accurate, and can provide reference for improving the quality standards of Gentiana rigescens.

Objective:To establish fingerprints of Faeces Bombycis and simultaneously determine the content of four amino acids; To evaluate the quality of Faeces Bombycis from different regions. The fingerprint of Faeces Bombycis was established and the contents of 4 amino acids were determined.Methods:Kromasil 100-5 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column was used for phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) pre-column derivation-high performance liquid chromatography with acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate solution (pH adjusted to 6.5 with acetic acid) (7:93) mixed solution, and acetonitrile-water (4:1) mixed solution were mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; the column temperature was 35 ℃; the detection wavelength was 254 nm; the injection amount was 5 μl. The fingerprints of 17 batches of Faeces Bombycis were established, the common peaks were identified by comparison of reference materials, and the similarity evaluation and principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out. The contents of glycine, alanine, proline and phenylalanine were determined simultaneously.Results:A total of 12 common peaks were identified from the fingerprints of Faeces Bombycis, and 12 amino acids were identified. The similarity of 17 batches of samples was greater than 0.95. PCA analysis showed that the regional difference of the quality of Faeces Bombycis was not significant. Faeces Bombycis produced in Qujing city in Yunnan Province had the highest total contents of 4 amino acids.Conclusion:The method has good repeatability and can provide reference for the quality evaluation and standard improvement of Faeces Bombycis.

Objective:To determine the contents of four flavonoids by establishing HPLC specific chromatogram for Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen; To evaluate the differences of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen from different producing areas.Methods:The specific chromatogram was developed on a column of Thermo Acclaim C18 with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detective wavelength was 260 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Similarity evaluation, PCA analysis, and OPLS-DA analysis were conducted. The contents of Alpinetin, Pinocembrin, Cardamonin, Alnustone in 16 batches of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen.Results:There were 9 characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen. Except the sample of S2 (Hainan producing area), the similarity of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen in different producing areas was greater than 0.90; PCA analysis divided 16 batches of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen into 2 categories, and OPLS-DA analysis identified 4 differential biomarkers, with the order of impact being peak 3>peak 5>Alpinetin>Cardamonin. Among them, the quality of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen from Guangdong producing area was generally stable. Moreover, there were significant differences in the contents of Alpinetin and Cardamonin among the indicator components of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen from different producing areas.Conclusion:This method can effectively analyze the differences in the quality of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen from different producing areas, providing reference for the quality evaluation of Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen.

Objective:To establish a quality control method for Aiye standard decoction.Methods:The ultra performance liquid chromatogrphy (UPLC) column Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 C18 (2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm) was used to gradient elution by acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water. 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction fingerprints were established by UPLC and the common peaks were determined in the fingerprints. The contents of 12 components were determined. The 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction were analyzed by similarity calculation, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for analysis of differential components of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins.Results:A total of 13 common peaks were marked in the fingerprints of 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction, 12 of which were identified by comparison with reference substance, including chlorogenic acid, sochlorogenic acid A, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid,1,3-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, schaftoside, isochlorogenic acid B,1,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, jaceosidin and eupatilin. Similarity evaluation, PCA and HCA all classified the 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction into 2 categories. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis screened 5 differential biomarkers from 13 common peaks. The content determination results showed that the phenolic compounds and flavonoids in samples from Hubei were significantly higher than that in samples from other areas.Conclusion:This method can effectively analyze the differences in the quality of Aiye standard decoction from different origins, and provide reference for the formulation of quality standards for Aiye standard decoction and related preparations.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of triterpenes and nucleosides in Poria based on HPLC; To accurately determine the various bioactive components in Poria.Methods:Similarity evaluation, clustering analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the similarities and differences of different medicinal parts of Poria, and the key chromatographic peaks that could reflect the characteristics were found.Results:The Poricoic acid A and dehydroeburiconic acid could be used as the identification basis for Poriae Cutis and White Poria; at the same time, Polyporenic acid C, dehydropachymic acid and dehydrotrametenolic acid could be used to evaluate Rubra Poria and Poriae Cutis; uridine, guanosine and adenosine may be essential ingredients for evaluating the quality of White Poria, Poriae Cutis and Rubra Poria. In different medicinal parts of Poria, the triterpenes were showed significant differences; by contrary, there were little differences among the same medicinal parts.Conclusion:This study reveals the quality differences between different medicinal parts of Poria, which can provide a scientific basis for the rational application and pharmacodynamic standardization of Poria.