Objective To investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin(DHA)on the inflammatory response and skin wound healing in diabetic rats.Methods The ointment was prepared with Carbomer 980,Tween-80,glycerol,ultrapure water and sodium hydroxide as a base.DHA and ethyl nipagin were added and stirred evenly,resulting in DHA ointment.Fifty SPF-grade SD rats were used to create a diabetic rat model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin,and 44 rats were successfully modelled.Whole skin defect wounds were created on the back of rats by using a 2.0 cm diameter circular punch.Thirty-six dorsal wounds were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=9)by the random number table.Then the wounds were applied respectively with 5%DHA,10%DHA,15%DHA and ointment base(control group)once a day for 14 consecutive days.On the 3th,7th and 14th days,the wound healing was observed,the specimens were cut from 0.2 cm of wound margin and would tissue,the histological changes were observed by HE staining.Collagen changes were observed by Masson staining,and the concentrations of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 10(IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.The other eight rats were randomly divided into 10%DHA group and control group.The tissue was cut from the wound on the 7th day,and transcriptome sequencing was performed by high-throughput sequencing technology to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the two groups.Gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis as well as kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis were performed.Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 27.0 statistical software.Results The different concentrations of DHA groups showed better wound healing rates than the control group.The 10%DHA group has the most significant effect(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,each DHA group showed a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and an increase in collagen fibre area on the 7th and 14th days(P＜0.05).The expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in each DHA group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the expression of IL-10 was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Differential gene volcano map showed that the 10%DHA group remarkably up-regulated anti-inflammatory and antibacterial genes such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α(Hif-1α),Smad homolog 12(Smad12)and β-defensin 4(Defb4).The GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that the 10%DHA group was significantly enriched in inflammatory response,immune response and defense response to bacterium.The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the 10%DHA group was significantly enriched in chemokine signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and so on.Conclusion DHA may inhibit excessive inflammatory responses by modulating inflammatory factors,anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial genes,chemokine signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway as well as reducing inflammatory cell infiltration,thereby enhancing wound healing.

Objective To establish the model of goat intervertebral disc degeneration （IDD） induced by controllable axial compressive stress and evaluate its imaging and pathological characteristics. Methods Twenty goats were randomly divided into 4 groups (control group, 4-week pressure group, 8-week pressure group, 12-week pressure group, n=5, 40 N pressure). Disc height index (DHI) was used to evaluate the change of intervertebral disc height by X-ray, Pfirrmann classification method was used to observe the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathological observation and evaluation for intervertebral disc were conducted by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Results DHI in control group showed no significant changes with the extension of pressure time, while DHI in the experimental group gradually decreased. There was no significant change in Pfirrmann classification in control group. In experimental group, with the extension of time, the higher the degeneration aggravated with the Pfirrmann classification increasing. In experimental group, HE staining showed that the disc nucleus pulposus decreased in volume and nucleus pulposus cells, which were gradually replaced by fibrous tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that type I collagen in the nucleus pulposus gradually increased, type Ⅱ collagen gradually decreased, and intervertebral disc degeneration occurred. Conclusions A certain axial compressive stress can lead to degeneration of goat lumbar intervertebral disc, and the degree of degeneration is gradually increased with the extension of time.

In order to meet the needs of detection of poisoning-inducing pesticides occurring in poisoning emergency events, this article introduces and discusses the characteristics, scope of application, and advantages and disadvantages of two types of detection technologies: laboratory detection and on-site rapid detection. The sample pre-processing technology suitable for on-site detection is also elaborated.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin (SOX regimen) in treatment of the patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods A total of 106 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer in Qingdao Fuwai Hospital from April 2015 to June 2017 were randomly divided into the treatment group (53 cases) and the control group (53 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with S-1 combined with cisplatin treatment, and patients in the treatment group were treated with SOX regimen. The cell proportion of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+before treatment and after 2 cycles of treatment were detected by using flow cytometry of both groups. The clinical curative effects, immunity and adverse reactions of both groups were compared by usingχ2 test and t test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to make the survival analysis. Results After two cycles of treatment, there were 4 cases of complete remission (CR), 23 cases of partial remission (PR), 17 cases of stable disease (SD), 9 cases of progression disease (PD) in the treatment group, and 0 case of CR, 18 cases of PR, 20 cases of SD, 15 cases of PD in the control group. The rate of CR+PR in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group [50.94％(27/53) vs. 33.96％(18/53)], and there was a statistical difference (χ2=5.936, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the cell proportion of CD4+and ratio of CD4+/CD8+between the two groups before and after treatment [the treatment group: (27.31±2.48)％ vs. (37.05±2.53)％, χ2= 6.491,P< 0.01; 0.91 ±0.23 vs. 1.53 ±0.50, χ2 = 5.913, P< 0.01; the control group: (27.43 ±2.47)％ vs. (30.32 ± 2.41)％,χ2= 11.214, P<0.01; 0.90±0.22 vs. 1.22±0.34,χ2=7.992, P<0.01]. After 2 cycles of treatment, the cell proportion of CD4+and ratio of CD4+/CD8+of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group, and there were statistical differences (χ2=5.309, P<0.01;χ2= 7.112, P< 0.01). The incidence rate of side effects had no significant difference in both groups after two cycles of treatment [22.64％ (12/53) vs. 18.87％ (10/53), χ2= 1.924, P> 0.05]. The progression-free survival time in the treatment group was longer than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions SOX regimen has a favorable effect on the patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. It can help to improve the immunity and prolong the survival time of the patients.

Gastrodin is a phenolic glycoside that has been demonstrated to provide neuroprotection in preclinical models of central nervous system disease, but its effect in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unclear. In this study, we showed that intraperitoneal administration of gastrodin (100 mg/kg per day) significantly attenuated the SAH-induced neurological deficit, brain edema, and increased blood-brain barrier permeability in rats. Meanwhile, gastrodin treatment significantly reduced the SAH-induced elevation of glutamate concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid and the intracellular Ca overload. Moreover, gastrodin suppressed the SAH-induced microglial activation, astrocyte activation, and neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, gastrodin significantly reduced the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, phospho-Akt and B-cell lymphoma 2, and down-regulated the expression of BCL2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3. Our results suggested that the administration of gastrodin provides neuroprotection against early brain injury after experimental SAH.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Astrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Benzyl Alcohols ; administration & dosage ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Male ; Microglia ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; complications ; metabolism ; prevention & control

Objective To optimize preparation of freeze-dried 16-dehydropregnenolone (16-DHP) liposome and evalu-ate the quality. Methods The freeze-dried liposome was prepared by rotary-evaporated film-ultrasonication with lyophilization. Single factor experiments and orthogonal design were used to optimize the prescription and preparation,and the quality was evalua-ted. Results The optimum preparation technics were as follows: the concentration of PC-98T was 6. 5% (W/ V), the quantity ratio of PC-98T to cholesteryl sodium sulfate salt was 4∶1,hydration temperature was 60 ℃ , ultrasonic time was 2 min,and the cryoprotectant was 7. 5% glucose. The average particle size, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were (121. 3±48. 7) nm,-41. 9 mV and (98. 7±0. 1)% , respectively. Conclusion The formulation of freeze-dried 16-DHP liposome is reasonable, the technology is practicable and stable.

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of inflammatory factors and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Fifty patients with T2DM were recruited and divided into T2DM with insulin resistance(IR) group(26 patients) and T2DM without insulin resistance (NIR) group (24 patients) according to insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR).Twenty-four healthy individuals conducting physical examination were recruited as the healthy control group.All participants underwent carotid ultrasound IMT to assess carotid intima-media thickness.The level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),blood lipids,high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured.Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)index was used for quantitative analysis of HOMA-IR.Results The levels of HOMA-IR,hs-CRP,TNF-α and IMT in control group,NIR group and IR group increased gradually and were significantly different(HOMA-IR:(1.74 ±0.49) vs.(2.24 ±0.41) vs.(4.89 ±0.84) ;F =190.228,P ＜0.01) ;hs-CRP(mg/L):(1.75 ±0.83) vs.(3.08 ± 1.04) vs.(5.89 ± 1.17) ;F =106.523,P ＜ 0.01) ;TNF-α (ng/L):(15.25 ± 7.64) vs.(23.38 ± 8.82) vs.(47.42 ± 9.97) ;F =89.210,P＜0.01) ;IMT(mm):(0.69 ±0.31) vs.(1.07±0.32) vs.(1.49±0.43);F=30.942,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that the level of hs-CRP was positively correlated with the levels of HOMA-IR and IMT (r =0.453 and 0.395 respectively,P ＜ 0.05) ;The level of TNF-α was positively correlated with the levels of HOMA-IR and IMT (r =0.428 and 0.376 respectively,P ＜ 0.05) ; The level of HOMA-IR was positively correlated with the level of IMT (r =0.403,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Inflammatory activity is found in patients with T2DM,which is significantly correlated with insulin resistance.Inflammatory factors and insulin resistance play an important role in the occurrence and development of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.

Objective To observe the proportion of the peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with equal-risk to coronary heart disease and to explore the clinical value of ankle brachial index(ABI). Methods Six hundred and twenty-one cases with equal-risk to coronary heart disease were recruited to the study. Their clinical data and biochemical indicators were collected for further analysis. The value of ABI, which was popularly used in screening PAD, was measured by Oscillometric measurement. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results There were 169 cases had PAD,the proportion of it was 27.2%. The proportion of PAD in male and female were 34.6% and 16.1% respectively,which had significant difference(P ＜0.01). Compared with NonPAD group,the average age (65 ± 10 years vs. 60 ± 10 years,P ＜0.01) and total cholesterol level (5.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs. (5.1 ± 1.1) mtool/L, P ＜ 0.01) were significantly higher in PAD group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age and total cholesterol were major risk factors of PAD in patients with equal-risk to coronary heart disease. Proportion of PAD was up to 50.0% in patients with combined coronary heart disease,ischemic stroke and diabetes. Conclusions ABI is a feasible and reliable index for screening PAD in patients with equal-risk to coronary heart disease. Gender,age and total cholesterol are major risk factors of low ABI in patients with equal-risk to coronary heart disease.

Objective To observe the efficacy of treating cerebral hemorrhage with operation combined with Chinese medicines with the functions of stopping endogenous wind, eliminating phlegm and removing blood stusis. Methods A total of 142 patients after surgery for cerebral hemorrhage were randomly recurited into two groups: a treatment group (n= 41 ) was administrated with Chinese medicines of stopping endogenous wind, eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis, and a control group (n=41) accepted conventional treatment after the surgery. Results The therapeutic effects in the treatment group was superior to that in control group (X2=13.12, P<0.05) . Conclusion It is effective to treat cerebral hemorrhage with operation combined with Chinese medicines with the functions of stopping endogenous wind, eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis.