Objective To characterize Schistosoma japonicum Class F G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and to decipher the biological function of S. japonicum Smoothened receptor (SjSMO), so as to provide insights into screening of novel anti-schistosomal drug targets. Methods Six Class F GPCRs were identified from the S. japonicum GPCR library using a hidden Markov model (HMM) and genome annotation filese, including five frizzled (FZD) receptors (SjFZD4, SjFZD5, SjFZD7, SjFZD8, SjFZD10) and one Smoothened receptor (SjSMO). Protein domain analysis was performed at the SMART website, and a phylogenetic tree was built with the software MEGA 11.0 and refined with the Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) tool. The expression profile and tissue localization of S. japonicum class F GPCRs were analyzed using the real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay and in situ hybridization, and the effects of SjSMO on parasite growth, development, reproduction, and oviposition were examined using in vivo and in vitro RNA interference (RNAi). S. japonicum adult worms were selected for double-stranded RNAi (dsRNA) in in vitro experiments, and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) negative control group and SjFZD4, SjFZD5, SjFZD7, SjFZD8, SjFZD10, and SjSMO dsRNAi groups were assigned to observe the parasite vitality and state and calculate the female and male rating rate. For in-vivo animal experiments, 6-week-old SPF female mice of the Kunming strain were randomly divided into a GFP dsRNA negative control group and SjFZD4, SjFZD5, SjFZD7, SjFZD8, SjFZD10, and SjSMO dsRNAi groups. Worms and liver tissues were collected for measurement of the worm length and estimation of the worm burdens, and changes in the parasite reproductive organs were observed using alum carmine staining. In addition, the number of S. japonicum eggs in mouse livers was counted and the pathological damages of mouse livers were recorded. Results The five FZD receptors and one Smoothened receptor all contained a conserved Frizzled domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SjSMO formed an independent evolutionary clade, which exhibited a far genetic distance from the FZD family. RT-qPCR assay quantified stable SjSMO expression in male worms but gradually decreased in female worms with worm development, and in situ hybridization revealed high systemic expression of SjSMO. In vitro RNAi results revealed a significant difference in pairing rates among all groups (χ² = 130.530, P < 0.000 1). Only the SjSMO interference group exhibited a markedly reduced worm pairing rate of 20.00%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (94.74%) (P < 0.000 1), accompanied by decreased worm vitality. In contrast, no statistically significant differences in pairing rates were observed between each FZD family gene interference group and the control group (all P > 0.05). In vivo RNAi assay revealed that SjSMO dsRNAi 1 to 26 days post-infection resulted in a significant reduction in worm length, with reductions in the male worm length by 32.27% and female worm length by 36.77% as compared to controls [male worms: (6.51 ± 1.77) mm vs. (9.62 ± 1.44) mm, t = 7.196, P < 0.000 1; female worms: (5.49 ± 1.36) mm vs. (8.68 ± 2.60) mm, t = 5.953, P < 0.000 1], as well as arrest of testicular development in male worms and ovarian development in females. In addition, SjSMO dsRNAi 26 to 42 days post-infection was found to significantly reduce hepatic egg burdens in mice, with a 49.10% reduction in the count of liver eggs in the SjSMO dsRNAi group relative to the GFP dsRNA negative control group [(2 824 ± 844) eggs per gram vs. (5 548 ± 797) eggs per gram; t = 4.064, P < 0.05], and to alleviate granuloma formation and severity of hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion SjSMO is a key receptor that regulates the growth, development, reproduction, and oviposition of S. japonicum, which provides a new potential target for development of anti-schistosomal drugs.

The complex anatomy and variations of the biliary system make biliary surgery the operation with the lowest error tolerance in abdominal surgery. With the advent of surgery 4.0 represented by artificial intelligence, 5G technology, and medical big data, biliary surgery has ushered in new development opportunities. Although surgery 4.0 provides high-precision navigation tools for biliary surgery, most of its potential remains untapped. The reason lies in that current technical applications mainly focus on single clinical scenarios. Only by expanding multi-dimensional application scenarios guided by clinical needs can biliary surgery achieve leapfrog development with the help of surgery 4.0. In this process, it is more necessary to cultivate compound and innovative surgical talents through medical-education collaboration, continuously injecting innovative momentum into the deep integration of surgery 4.0 technology and the field of biliary surgery.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Objective To establish an initial diagnostic method for β-thalassemia (BT) using a double antibody sandwich ELISA approach. Methods The hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies against anti-HbF were screened using a trailing count method. The mAbs were evaluated through ELISA,modified immunocytochem-istry,and Western blot analysis. A double antibody-sandwich ELISA assay was established by labeling the pairs of mAbs with ALP using the glutaral method,and this detection system was used to analyze 40 serum samples. Results The results demonstrate the successful generation of nine hybridoma cell lines capable of secreting highly active anti-HbF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Specifically,four mAbs (3F7,4G1,6C1,and 9H7) exhibited exclusive reactivity towards HbF without any cross-reactivity with hemoglobin variants (HbA and HbA2). These four HbF-specific mAbs displayed exceptional specificity and sensitivity,with a maximum titer of 1:256000 and the highest affinity constant (Ka) recorded at 2.36×108 L/mol. Among these mAbs,optimal antibody pairing was achieved using capture antibody 3F7 in conjunction with ALP-4G1 for the development of a sandwich ELISA detec-tion method. By employing this approach,fetal and healthy human blood samples were successfully quantified for HbF levels with an impressive detection sensitivity reaching up to 80％. Conclusion This sandwich ELISA dem-onstrated precise quantification of HbF levels,making it suiTab.for both research and diagnostic purposes in the field of β-thalassemia.

Objective To establish an initial diagnostic method for β-thalassemia (BT) using a double antibody sandwich ELISA approach. Methods The hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies against anti-HbF were screened using a trailing count method. The mAbs were evaluated through ELISA,modified immunocytochem-istry,and Western blot analysis. A double antibody-sandwich ELISA assay was established by labeling the pairs of mAbs with ALP using the glutaral method,and this detection system was used to analyze 40 serum samples. Results The results demonstrate the successful generation of nine hybridoma cell lines capable of secreting highly active anti-HbF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Specifically,four mAbs (3F7,4G1,6C1,and 9H7) exhibited exclusive reactivity towards HbF without any cross-reactivity with hemoglobin variants (HbA and HbA2). These four HbF-specific mAbs displayed exceptional specificity and sensitivity,with a maximum titer of 1:256000 and the highest affinity constant (Ka) recorded at 2.36×108 L/mol. Among these mAbs,optimal antibody pairing was achieved using capture antibody 3F7 in conjunction with ALP-4G1 for the development of a sandwich ELISA detec-tion method. By employing this approach,fetal and healthy human blood samples were successfully quantified for HbF levels with an impressive detection sensitivity reaching up to 80％. Conclusion This sandwich ELISA dem-onstrated precise quantification of HbF levels,making it suiTab.for both research and diagnostic purposes in the field of β-thalassemia.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and the clinical significance of upstream tran-scription factor 2(USF2)and ubiquitin-specific protease 10(USP10)in peripheral blood of patients with sep-sis combined with acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods A total of 259 patients with sepsis were selected from Jilin Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022.Patients were divided into AKI group(107 cases)and non AKI(NAKI)group(152 cases)according to whether they had AKI or not.General clini-cal data were collected and the expression levels of USF2 and USP10 in peripheral blood were detected.Pear-son analysis was used to investigate the correlation between USF2,USP10,and renal function.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing sepsis patients with AKI.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drown to analyze the value of USF2 and USP10 in diagnosing AKI in patients with sepsis.Results The expression level of serum USF2 in AKI group was higher than that in NAKI group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),while the serum USP10 expression level in AKI group was lower than that in NAKI group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In AKI group,USF2 expression was positively correlated with urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr)and Cys-tatin C(CysC)(P＜0.05),while USP10 expression was negatively correlated with BUN,Scr and CysC(P＜0.05).High sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,septic shock and high expression of USF2 were risk factors for AKI in sepsis patients(P＜0.05),and high expression of USP10 was protective factor(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of single detection of USF2 and USP10 for diagnosing AKI in patients with sepsis was 0.742(95％CI:0.676-0.808)and 0.781(95％CI:0.724-0.839),respectively.The AUC of the combination of USF2 and USP10 for diagnosing AKI in patients with sepsis was 0.907(95％CI:0.865-0.948),which was higher than that of single detection(P＜0.05).Conclusion Increased expression of USF2 and decreased expression of USP10 in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis are associated with in-creased risk of AKI and decreased renal function.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Early diagnosis of HCC remains the key to improve the prognosis. In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of precision medicine and more in-depth analysis of the biological mechanism underlying HCC, new diagnostic methods, including emerging serum markers, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnosis, and advances in imaging (novel contrast agents and radiomics), have emerged one after another. Herein, we reviewed and analyzed scientific advances in the early diagnosis of HCC and discussed their application and shortcomings. This review aimed to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical practice of HCC.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Precision Medicine

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery